Category: 97-67-6

Li, Lingzi published the artcileMetabolomics identifies a biomarker revealing in vivo loss of functional β-cell mass before diabetes onset, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is diabetes beta cell mass metabolomics 1 5 anhydroglucitol liver.

Identification of individuals with decreased functional β-cell mass is essential for the prevention of diabetes. However, in vivo detection of early asymptomatic β-cell defect remains unsuccessful. Metabolomics has emerged as a powerful tool in providing readouts of early disease states before clin. manifestation. We aimed at identifying novel plasma biomarkers for loss of functional β-cell mass in the asymptomatic prediabetes stage. Nontargeted and targeted metabolomics were applied in both lean β-Phb2-/- (β-cell-specific prohibitin-2 knockout) mice and obese db/db (leptin receptor mutant) mice, two distinct mouse models requiring neither chem. nor dietary treatments to induce spontaneous decline of functional β-cell mass promoting progressive diabetes development. Nontargeted metabolomics on β-Phb2-/- mice identified 48 and 82 significantly affected metabolites in liver and plasma, resp. Machine learning anal. pointed to deoxyhexose sugars consistently reduced at the asymptomatic prediabetes stage, including in db/db mice, showing strong correlation with the gradual loss of β-cells. Further targeted metabolomics by gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry uncovered the identity of the deoxyhexose, with 1,5-anhydroglucitol displaying the most substantial changes. In conclusion, this study identified 1,5-anhydroglucitol as associated with the loss of functional β-cell mass and uncovered metabolic similarities between liver and plasma, providing insights into the systemic effects caused by early decline in β-cells.

Diabetes published new progress about Biomarkers. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Mahoney, Lisa B. published the artcileMetabolomic profiling of extraesophageal reflux disease in children, Name: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is extraesophageal reflux disease metabolite profile.

Although respiratory symptoms in children are often attributed to gastroesophageal reflux disease, establishing a clear diagnosis of extraesophageal reflux disease (EERD) can be challenging, as there are no sensitive or specific EERD biomarkers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the metabolite profile in bronchoalveolar (BAL) fluid from children with suspected EERD and assess the impact of reflux treatment on these metabolites. In this prospective pilot study, we performed nontargeted global metabolomic profiling on BAL fluid from 43 children undergoing testing with bronchoscopy, upper endoscopy, and multichannel intraluminal impedance with pH (pH-MII) for evaluation of chronic respiratory symptoms. Twenty-three (54%) patients had an abnormal pH-MII study. Seventeen (40%) patients were on proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) for testing. Levels of histamine, malate, AMP, and ascorbate were significantly lower in subjects with abnormal pH-MII studies compared to those normal studies. Furthermore, in children off PPI therapy, those with abnormal pH-MII studies had robust increases in a number of glycerophospholipids within phospholipid metabolic pathways, including derivatives of glycerophosphorylcholine, glycerophosphoglycerol, and glycerophosphoinositol, compared to those with normal pH-MII studies. These findings offer insight into the impact of reflux and PPIs on the lungs and provide a foundation for future studies using targeted metabolomic anal. to identify potential biomarkers of EERD.

Clinical and Translational Science published new progress about Biomarkers. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Name: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Golomb, Beatrice A. published the artcileA pilot study of bioenergetic marker relationships in gulf war illness: phosphocreatine recovery vs. citric acid cycle intermediates, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is phosphocreatine alpha ketoglutarate biomarker Gulf War illness; 31-phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy; Gulf War illness; bioenergetics; citric acid cycle; veterans.

Impaired bioenergetics have been reported in veterans with Gulf War illness (VGWIs), including prolonged post-exercise recovery of phosphocreatine (PCr-R) assessed with 31Phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The citric acid cycle (CAC) is considered the most important metabolic pathway for supplying energy, with relationships among CAC markers reported to shift in some but not all impaired bioenergetic settings. We sought to assess relations of CAC markers to one another and to PCr-R. Participants were 33 VGWIs and 33 healthy controls 1:1 matched on age-sex-ethnicity. We assessed seven CAC intermediates, and evaluated PCr-R in a subset of matched case-control pairs (N = 14). CAC markers did not significantly differ between cases and controls. Relationships of alpha-ketoglutarate to malate, isocitrate, and succinate were strongly significant in cases with materially weaker relationships in controls, suggesting possible shifts in these markers in concert in VGWIs. PCr-R correlated strongly with five of seven CAC markers in controls (succinate, malate, fumarate, citrate, isocitrate, range r = -0.74 to -0.88), but bore no relationship in VGWIs. In summary, PCr-R related significantly to CAC markers in healthy controls, but not VGWIs. In contrast, relations of CAC markers to one another appeared to shift (often strengthen) in VGWIs.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health published new progress about Biomarkers. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Branco, Renato Chaves Souto published the artcileProtein malnutrition mitigates the effects of a high-fat diet on glucose homeostasis in mice, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is mouse glucose homeostasis HFD protein malnutrition; fat-enriched diet; gastrocnemius; insulin sensitivity; protein restriction.

Nutrient malnutrition, during the early stages of development, may facilitate the onset of metabolic diseases later in life. However, the consequences of nutritional insults, such as a high-fat diet (HFD) after protein restriction, are still controversial. We assessed overall glucose homeostasis and mol. markers of mitochondrial function in the gastrocnemius muscle of protein-restricted mice fed an HFD until early adulthood. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a control (14% protein-control diet) or a protein-restricted (6% protein-restricted diet) diet for 6 wk. Afterward, mice received an HFD or not for 8 wk (mice fed a control diet and HFD [CH] and mice fed a protein-restricted diet and HFD [RH]). RH mice showed lower weight gain and fat accumulation and did not show an increase in fasting plasma glucose and insulin levels compared with CH mice. RH mice showed higher energy expenditure, increased citrate synthase, peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha protein content, and higher levels of malate and α-ketoglutarate compared with CH mice. Moreover, RH mice showed increased AMPc-dependent kinase and acetyl coenzyme-A (CoA) carboxylase phosphorylation, lower i.m. triacylglycerol content, and similar malonyl-CoA levels. In conclusion, protein undernourishment after weaning does not potentiate fat accumulation and insulin resistance in adult young mice fed an HFD. This outcome seems to be associated with increased skeletal muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacity and reduced lipids accumulation.

Journal of Cellular Physiology published new progress about Biomarkers. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Liu, Xiangkai published the artcileLuminescent Hydrogel Based on Silver Nanocluster/Malic Acid and Its Composite Film for Highly Sensitive Detection of Fe3+, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is silver nanocluster malic acid polymethylmethacrylate hydrogel aggregation fluorescence quenching; AIE; malic acid; self-assembly; sensor; silver nanoclusters.

Metal nanoclusters (NCs) with excellent photoluminescence properties are an emerging functional material that have rich phys. and chem. properties and broad application prospects. However, it is a challenging problem to construct such materials into complex ordered aggregates and cause aggregation-induced emission (AIE). In this article, we use the supramol. self-assembly strategy to regulate a water-soluble, atomically precise Ag NCs (NH4)9[Ag9(C7H4SO2)9] (Ag9-NCs, [Ag9(mba)9], H2mba = 2-mercaptobenzoic acid) and L-malic acid (L-MA) to form a phosphorescent hydrogel with stable and bright luminescence, which is ascribed to AIE phenomenon. In this process, the AIE of Ag9-NCs could be attributed to the non-covalent interactions between L-MA and Ag9-NCs, which restrict the intramol. vibration and rotation of ligands on the periphery of Ag9-NCs, thus inhibiting the ligand-related, non-radiative excited state relaxation and promoting radiation energy transfer. In addition, the fluorescent Ag9-NCs/L-MA xerogel was introduced into polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) to form an excellently fluorescent film for sensing of Fe3+. Ag9-NCs/L-MA/PMMA film exhibits an excellent ability to recognize Fe3+ ion with high selectivity and a low detection limit of 0.3 μM. This research enriches self-assembly system for enhancing the AIE of metal NCs, and the prepared hybrid films will become good candidates for optical materials.

Gels published new progress about Aggregates. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Ohno, Tsutomu published the artcileAdsorption of Organic Acids and Phosphate to an Iron (Oxyhydr)oxide Mineral: A Combined Experimental and Density Functional Theory Study, Product Details of C4H6O5, the main research area is adsorption organic acid phosphate iron oxyhydroxide mineral soil.

The interaction of soil organic matter with mineral surfaces is a critical reaction involved in many ecosystem services, including stabilization of organic matter in the terrestrial carbon pool and bioavailability of plant nutrients. Using model organic acids typically present in soil solutions, this study couples laboratory adsorption studies with d. functional theory (DFT) to provide phys. insights into the nature of the chem. bonding between carboxylate functional groups and a model FeOOH cluster. Topol. determination of electron d. at bond critical points using quantum theory of atoms in mols. (QTAIM) anal. revealed that the presence of multiple bonding paths between the organic acid and the FeOOH cluster is essential in determining the competitive adsorption of organic acids and phosphate for FeOOH surface adsorption sites. The electron d. and Laplacian parameter values from QTAIM indicated that the primary carboxylate-FeOOH bond was more ionic than covalent in nature. The exptl. and computational results provide mol.-level evidence of the important role of electrostatic forces in the bonding between carboxylic acids and Fe-hydroxides. This knowledge may assist in the formulation of management studies to meet the challenges of maintaining ecosystems services in the face of a changing climate.

Journal of Physical Chemistry A published new progress about Adsorption. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Product Details of C4H6O5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Xin, Qingping published the artcileLight-responsive metal-organic framework sheets constructed smart membranes with tunable transport channels for efficient gas separation, Application In Synthesis of 97-67-6, the main research area is light metal organic framework sheet membrane gas separation.

Exploring a new type of smart membrane with tunable separation performance is a promising area of research. In this study, new light-responsive metal-organic framework [Co(azpy)] sheets were prepared by a facile microwave method for the first time, and were then incorporated into a polymer matrix to fabricate smart mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) applied for flue gas desulfurization and decarburization. The smart MMMs exhibited significantly elevated SO2(CO2)/N2 selectivity by 184(166)% in comparison with an unfilled polymer membrane. The light-responsive characteristic of the smart MMMs was investigated, and the permeability and selectivity of the Co(azpy) sheets-loaded smart MMMs were able to respond to external light stimuli. In particular, the selectivity of the smart MMM at the Co(azpy) content of 20% for the SO2/N2 system could be switched between 341 and 211 in situ irradiated with Vis and UV light, while the SO2 permeability switched between 58 Barrer and 36 Barrer, resp. This switching influence was mainly ascribed to the increased SO2 adsorption capacity in the visible light condition, as verified by adsorption test. The CO2 permeability and CO2/N2 selectivity of MMMs in the humidified state could achieve 248 Barrer and 103.2, surpassing the Robeson′s upper bound reported in 2019.

RSC Advances published new progress about Adsorption. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Application In Synthesis of 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Yan, Lei published the artcileBoron contributes to excessive aluminum tolerance in trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.) by inhibiting cell wall deposition and promoting vacuole compartmentation, HPLC of Formula: 97-67-6, the main research area is aluminum toxicity trifoliate orange vacuole compartmentation promotion; Alleviate; Aluminum toxicity; Boron; Malate; Subcellular; Vacuole.

Boron (B) is an indispensable micronutrient for plant growth that can also alleviate aluminum (Al) toxicity. However, limited data are available on the underlying mechanisms behind this phenomenon. Here, we found that a certain range of B application could alleviate the inhibitory effects of Al toxicity on citrus. Transcriptome anal. revealed that several Al stress-responsive genes and pathways were differentially affected and enriched, such as coding for the secretion of organic acid and the distribution of Al in subcellular components after B addition Specifically, B application enhanced rhizosphere pH and induced malate exudation by expressing PtALMT4 and PtALMT9 genes occurred in Al-treated root, which ultimately reduced the absorption of Al and coincided with down-regulated the expression of PtNrat1. Moreover, B supply suppressed the pectin methyl-esterase (PME) activity and displayed a lower level of PtPME2 expression, while enhanced the PtSTAR1 expression, which is responsible for reducing cell wall (CW) Al deposition. Boron addition enhanced the PtALS1 and PtALS3 expression, accompanied by a higher proportion of vacuolar Al compartmentation during Al exposure. Collectively, the protective effects of B on root injury induced by Al is mainly by subsiding the Al uptake in the root apoplast and compartmentalizing Al into vacuole.

Journal of Hazardous Materials published new progress about Absorption. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, HPLC of Formula: 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Chauhan, Devendra Kumar published the artcileAluminum toxicity and aluminum stress-induced physiological tolerance responses in higher plants, Application In Synthesis of 97-67-6, the main research area is review aluminum toxicity stress plant nutrient; ABC transporters; ALMT malate; Acidic soil; MATE citrate; Nramp; aluminum toxicity; marker-assisted breeding programs; tolerance.

Aluminum (Al) precipitates in acidic soils having a pH < 5.5, in the form of conjugated organic and inorganic ions. Al-containing minerals solubilized in the soil solution cause several neg. impacts in plants when taken up along with other nutrients. Moreover, a micromolar concentration of Al present in the soil is enough to induce several irreversible toxicity symptoms such as the rapid and transient over-generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (OH), resulting in oxidative bursts. In addition, significant reductions in water and nutrient uptake occur which imposes severe stress in the plants. However, some plants have developed Al-tolerance by stimulating the secretion of organic acids like citrate, malate, and oxalate, from plant roots. Genes responsible for encoding such organic acids, play a critical role in Al tolerance. Several transporters involved in Al resistance mechanisms are members of the Aluminum-activated Malate Transporter (ALMT), Multidrug and Toxic compound Extrusion (MATE), ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC), Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein (Nramp), and aquaporin gene families. Therefore, in the present review, the discussion of the global extension and probable cause of Al in the environment and mechanisms of Al toxicity in plants are followed by detailed emphasis on tolerance mechanisms. We have also identified and categorized the important transporters that secrete organic acids and outlined their role in Al stress tolerance mechanisms in crop plants. The information provided here will be helpful for efficient exploration of the available knowledge to develop Al tolerant crop varieties. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology published new progress about Acid soils. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Application In Synthesis of 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Saha, B. published the artcileEnhanced exudation of malate in the rhizosphere due to AtALMT1 overexpression in blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) confers increased aluminium tolerance, Synthetic Route of 97-67-6, the main research area is acidic soil aluminum toxicity blackgram citrate malate; AtALMT1 acidic soil aluminum toxicity blackgram citrate malate; Acidic soil; aluminium toxicity; blackgram; citrate; malate.

Worldwide, 50% of soil is acidic, which induces aluminum (Al) toxicity in plants, as the phyto-availability of Al3+ increases in acidic soil. Plants responds to Al3+ toxicity by exuding organic acids into the rhizosphere. The organic acid responsible for Al3+ stress response varies from species to species, which in the case of blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) is citrate. In blackgram, an Arabidopsis malate transporter, AtALMT1, was overexpressed with the motive of inducing enhanced exudation of malate. Transgenics were generated using cotyledon node explants through Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. The putative transgenics were initially screened by AtALMT1-specific genomic DNA PCR, followed by quant. PCR. Two independent transgenic events were identified and functionally characterized in the T3 generation. The transgenic lines, Line 1 and 2, showed better root growth, relative water content and chlorophyll content under Al3+ stress. Both lines also accounted for less oxidative damage, due to reduced accumulation of ROS mols. Photosynthetic efficiency, as measured in terms of Fv/Fm, NPQ and Y(II), increased when compared to the wild type (WT). Relative expression of genes (VmSTOP1, VmALS3, VmMATE) responsible for Al3+ stress response in blackgram showed that overexpression of a malate transporter did not have any effect on their expression. Malate exudation increased whereas citrate exudation did not show any divergence from the WT. A pot stress assay found that the transgenics showed better adaptation to acidic soil. This report demonstrates that the overexpression of a malate transporter in a non-malate exuding species improves adaptation to Al3+ toxicity in acidic soil without effecting its stress response mechanism.

Plant Biology (Berlin, Germany) published new progress about Acid soils. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Synthetic Route of 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts