Category: 97-67-6

Kahr, Bart published the artcileTailor-Made Auxiliaries for Polar Growth from Melts, Computed Properties of 97-67-6, the main research area is review Tailor made auxiliary polar growth melt.

Tailor-made auxiliaries are generally less stereochem. discriminating of crystals grown from the melt than crystals grown from solution However, it is possible to make supramol. inferences using well-chosen additives in the manner taught to us by Lahav and Leiserowitz. Spherulites manifesting needle-like growth and small angle branching grow frequently from supercooled melts under high crystallization driving forces, along one principal crystallog. direction. If this direction is polar, it is important to establish its absolute sense as a basis for understanding growth at the interface between crystals and melt. This assignment, for polycrystalline ensembles, is beyond the capabilities of X-ray crystallog. Two examples of this discrimination are described with tailor-made additives, one for the β form of resorcinol and another for form I of L-malic acid. Assigning the absolute sense of a polar axis with mol. additives is a problem that resembles both the science and style of previous experiments from the Weizmann Institute.

Israel Journal of Chemistry published new progress about Crystals. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Computed Properties of 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Marchant, Erik D. published the artcileLocalized Heat Therapy Improves Mitochondrial Respiratory Capacity but Not Fatty Acid Oxidation, Quality Control of 97-67-6, the main research area is skeletal muscle heat therapy mitochondrial respiration fatty acid oxidation; exercise; heat stress; high-intensity interval training; mitochondria; skeletal muscle.

Mild heat stress can improve mitochondrial respiratory capacity in skeletal muscle. However, long-term heat interventions are scarce, and the effects of heat therapy need to be understood in the context of the adaptations which follow the more complex combination of stimuli from exercise training. The purpose of this work was to compare the effects of 6 wk of localized heat therapy on human skeletal muscle mitochondria to single-leg interval training. Thirty-five subjects were assigned to receive sham therapy, short-wave diathermy heat therapy, or single-leg interval exercise training, localized to the quadriceps muscles of the right leg. All interventions took place 3 times per wk. Muscle biopsies were performed at baseline, and after 3 and 6 wk of intervention. Mitochondrial respiratory capacity was assessed on permeabilized muscle fibers via high-resolution respirometry. The primary finding of this work was that heat therapy and exercise training significantly improved mitochondrial respiratory capacity by 24.8 ± 6.2% and 27.9 ± 8.7%, resp. (p < 0.05). Fatty acid oxidation and citrate synthase activity were also increased following exercise training by 29.5 ± 6.8% and 19.0 ± 7.4%, resp. (p < 0.05). However, contrary to our hypothesis, heat therapy did not increase fatty acid oxidation or citrate synthase activity. Six weeks of muscle-localized heat therapy significantly improves mitochondrial respiratory capacity, comparable to exercise training. However, unlike exercise, heat does not improve fatty acid oxidation capacity. International Journal of Molecular Sciences published new progress about Exercise. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Quality Control of 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Lindsay, Angus published the artcileSensitivity to behavioral stress impacts disease pathogenesis in dystrophin-deficient mice, HPLC of Formula: 97-67-6, the main research area is behavioral stress mutation phenotype dystrophin; blood pressure; dystrophin; estrogen; hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis; skeletal muscle.

Mutation to the gene encoding dystrophin can cause Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and increase the sensitivity to stress in vertebrate species, including the mdx mouse model of DMD. Behavioral stressors can exacerbate some dystrophinopathy phenotypes of mdx skeletal muscle and cause hypotension-induced death. However, we have discovered that a subpopulation of mdx mice present with a wildtype-like response to mild (forced downhill treadmill exercise) and moderate (scruff restraint) behavioral stressors. These stress-resistant mdx mice are more phys. active, capable of super-activating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathways following behavioral stress and they express greater levels of mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors in striated muscle relative to stress-sensitive mdx mice. Stress-resistant mdx mice also presented with a less severe striated muscle histopathol. and greater exercise and skeletal muscle oxidative capacity at rest. Most interestingly, female mdx mice were more phys. active following behavioral stressors compared to male mdx mice; a response abolished after ovariectomy and rescued with estradiol. We demonstrate that the response to behavioral stress greatly impacts disease severity in mdx mice suggesting the management of stress in patients with DMD be considered as a therapeutic approach to ameliorate disease progression.

FASEB Journal published new progress about Behavior. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, HPLC of Formula: 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Katagiri, Takayuki published the artcileTrivalent metal ions promote the malic enzyme-catalyzed building of carbon-carbon bonds from CO2 and pyruvate, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is malic enzyme carbon dioxide pyruvate aluminum iron ion carboxylation.

Malic enzyme (ME) from chicken liver (EC 1.1.1.40) is an enzyme that catalyzes the decarboxylation of malate into pyruvate and CO2 and the reverse reaction that introduces CO2 as a carboxy-group to pyruvate to form malate via oxaloacetate in the presence of natural co-enzyme NADP+/NADPH. Thus, ME is an attractive biocatalyst for building carbon-carbon bonds through the carboxylation of pyruvate with CO2. Since ME mainly catalyzes the decarboxylation of malate to produce pyruvate via oxaloacetate, it is necessary to devise ways to promote the carboxylation of pyruvate with CO2 to produce oxaloacetate based on the building of carbon-carbon bonds. Enhancing the carboxylation of pyruvate by the addition of metal ions with CO2 and using ME as a catalyst will lead to new insight into biocatalytic CO2 utilization research. The effect of adding divalent and trivalent metal ions to promote the ME-catalyzed building of carbon-carbon bonds through the carboxylation of pyruvate with CO2 was investigated. Specifically, it was found for the first time that the addition of trivalent aluminum and iron ions accelerates ME-catalyzed carboxylation of pyruvate with CO2. Moreover, it was found that a high concentration of aluminum ions (>100μM) and a low concentration of iron ions (<10μM) promote the ME-catalyzed carboxylation of pyruvate with CO2. New Journal of Chemistry published new progress about C-C bond. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Sharma, Manish published the artcileA significant increase in rhizosheath carboxylates and greater specific root length in response to terminal drought is associated with greater relative phosphorus acquisition in chickpea, HPLC of Formula: 97-67-6, the main research area is Cicer arietinum rhizosheath carboxylate root drought phosphorus.

We investigated the effects of water stress under low phosphorus (P) supply on P-acquisition by chickpea, and identified a genotype with faster relative growth and P-acquisition rates. We grew four genotypes in pots filled with a sand and soil mixture with a low P availability in a glasshouse. Plants were either well-watered or water-stressed, imposed at the reproductive stage. Plants were harvested when water-stressed plants fully closed their stomata. For all four genotypes, water stress reduced shoot and root growth, root mass ratio, and shoot P content, while it increased specific root length (except in ICC 456), water-use efficiency and the amount of rhizosheath carboxylates per g root dry weight A faster relative shoot P-acquisition rate in ICC 2884 was associated with a greater specific root length, a smaller mean root diameter and a greater increase in the amount of rhizosheath carboxylates in response to water stress under low P supply. Interestingly, under water stress ICC 2884 also maintained a similar physiol. P-use efficiency to that of the well-watered plants. ICC 2884 is recommended as a parental genotype in chickpea breeding programs to develop cultivars for low-P and terminal drought environments.

Plant and Soil published new progress about Chickpea. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, HPLC of Formula: 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Hansen, Camilla published the artcileHigh metabolic substrate load induces mitochondrial dysfunction in rat skeletal muscle microvascular endothelial cells, Formula: C4H6O5, the main research area is mitochondrial dysfunction rat skeletal muscle microvascular endothelial cell; glucose; mitochondria; palmitic acid; reactive oxygen species; respirometry; vascular.

The influence of glucose and palmitic acid (PA) on mitochondrial respiration and emission of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was determined in skeletal muscle-derived microvascular endothelial cells. Measurements were assessed in intact and permeabilized (cells treated with 0.025% saponin) low passage endothelial cells with acute-or prolonged (3 days) incubation with regular (1.7 mM) or elevated (2.2 mM) PA concentrations and regular (5 mM) or elevated (11 mM) glucose concentrations In intact cells, acute incubation with 1.7 mM PA alone or with 1.7 mM PA + 5 mM glucose (p < .001) led to a lower mitochondrial respiration (p < 0.01) and markedly higher H2O2/O2 emission (p < 0.05) than with 5 mM glucose alone. Prolonged incubation of intact cells with 1.7 mM PA +5 mM glucose led to 34% (p < 0.05) lower respiration and 2.5-fold higher H2O2/O2 emission (p < 0.01) than incubation with 5 mM glucose alone. Prolonged incubation of intact cells with elevated glucose led to 60% lower (p < 0.05) mitochondrial respiration and 4.6-fold higher H2O2/O2 production than incubation with 5 mM glucose in intact cells (p < 0.001). All effects observed in intact cells were present also in permeabilized cells (State 2). In conclusion, our results show that acute and prolonged lipid availability, as well as prolonged hyperglycemia, induces mitochondrial dysfunction as evidenced by lower mitochondrial respiration and enhanced H2O2/O2 emission. Elevated plasma substrate availability may lead to microvascular dysfunction in skeletal muscle by impairing endothelial mitochondrial function. Physiological Reports published new progress about Animalia. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Formula: C4H6O5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Locci, Emanuela published the artcileMetabolomics improves the histopathological diagnosis of asphyxial deaths: an animal proof-of-concept model, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is metabolome histopathol diagnosis asphyxial death.

The diagnosis of mech. asphyxia remains one of the most difficult issues in forensic pathol. Asphyxia ultimately results in cardiac arrest (CA) and, as there are no specific markers, the differential diagnosis of primitive CA and CA secondary to asphyxiation relies on circumstantial details and on the pathologist experience, lacking objective evidence. Histol. examination is currently considered the gold standard for CA post-mortem diagnosis. Here we present the comparative results of histopathol. vs. those previously obtained by 1H NMR (NMR) metabolomics in a swine model, originally designed for clin. purposes, exposed to two different CA causes, namely ventricular fibrillation and asphyxia. While heart and brain microscopical anal. could identify the damage induced by CA without providing any addnl. information on the CA cause, metabolomics allowed the identification of clearly different profiles between the two groups and showed major differences between asphyxiated animals with good and poor outcomes. Minute-by-minute plasma sampling allowed to associate these modifications to the pre-arrest asphyxial phase showing a clear correlation to the cellular effect of mech. asphyxia reproduced in the experiment The results suggest that metabolomics provides addnl. evidence beyond that obtained by histol. and immunohistochem. in the differential diagnosis of CA.

Scientific Reports published new progress about Asphyxia. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Zhang, Daquan published the artcileInhibition effect and theoretical investigation of dicarboxylic acid derivatives as corrosion inhibitor for aluminium alloy, SDS of cas: 97-67-6, the main research area is AA5052 alloy aspartic malic acid corrosionn inhibitor.

The corrosion inhibition ability of L-malic acid (MaA) and L-aspartate acid (AsA) against corrosion of the AA5052 alloy in 4 M sodium hydroxide-ethylene glycol solution is investigated. The presence of MaA and AsA in corrosion solution shows a remarkable inhibition of hydrogen evolution of the AA5052 alloy. AsA has the better inhibition effect for the self-corrosion of the AA5052 alloy and its max protection efficiency is 82.1%. This shows that the Mulliken charges of the nitrogen atom of the amine group on the AsA is lower than the Mulliken charge of the oxygen atom of the hydroxyl group on the MaA; the total Mulliken charge of AsA is lower than MaA, and AsA has a higher EHOMO and a lower energy gap, ΔN. The amine group and carboxyl group on the AsA is easier to coordinate with Al3+ ions to form a stable complex.

Materials and Corrosion published new progress about Band gap. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, SDS of cas: 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Sarafian, Theodore A. published the artcileEnhanced mitochondrial inhibition by 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-acetaldehyde (DOPAL)-oligomerized α-synuclein, Application of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is forebrain mitochondria oxygen consumption rate membrane potential alpha synuclein; RRID: AB_398107 ; RRID: AB_437779 ; RRID: SCR_003210 ; DOPAL; mitochondrial membrane potential; oxygen consumption rate; small molecule rescue; α-synuclein oligomers.

Oligomeric forms of α-synuclein are believed to cause mitochondrial injury, which may contribute to neurotoxicity in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Here oligomers of α-synuclein were prepared using the dopamine metabolite, DOPAL (3,4-dihydroxyphenylaldehyde), in the presence of guanidinium hydrochloride. Using isolated mouse brain mitochondria, DOPAL-oligomerized α-synuclein (DOS) significantly inhibited oxygen consumption rates compared with untreated, control-fibrillated, and dopamine-fibrillated synuclein, or with monomeric α-synuclein. Mitochondrial membrane potential studies using fluorescent probes, JC-1, and Safranin O, also detected enhanced inhibition by DOS compared with the other aggregated forms of α-synuclein. While diverse in chem. structure and mechanism, each compound has been reported to interact with mitochondrial complex I. The remaining set of chems. also did not disrupt oligomeric banding, attesting to the high structural stability of this α-synuclein proteoform. DOPAL and α-synuclein are both found in dopaminergic neurons, where their levels are elevated in PD and in animal models exposed to chem. toxicants, including agricultural pesticides. The current study provides further evidence of α-synuclein-induced mitochondrial injury and a likely role in PD neuropathol.

Journal of Neuroscience Research published new progress about Forebrain. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Application of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Napolitano, Gaetana published the artcileOxidative damage and mitochondrial functionality in hearts from KO UCP3 mice housed at thermoneutrality, Formula: C4H6O5, the main research area is UCP oxidative damage heart mitochondria thermoneutrality phosphorylation; Calnexin; EIF2α; GRP78 BIP; Heart; Hsp 60; Mitochondrial complexes; Oxidative stress; Oxygen consumption; Thermoneutrality; UCP3.

The antioxidant role of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) is controversial. This work aimed to investigate the effects of UCP3 on the heart of mice housed at thermoneutral temperature, an exptl. condition that avoids the effects of thermoregulation on mitochondrial activity and redox homeostasis, preventing the alterations related to these processes from confusing the results caused by the lack of UCP3. WT and KO UCP3 mice were acclimatized at 30°C for 4 wk and hearts were used to evaluate metabolic capacity and redox state. Tissue and mitochondrial respiration, the activities of the mitochondrial complexes, and the protein expression of mitochondrial complexes markers furnished information on mitochondrial functionality. The levels of lipid and protein oxidative damage markers, the activity of antioxidant enzymes, the reactive oxygen species levels, and the susceptibility to in vitro Fe-ascorbate-induced oxidative stress furnished information on redox state. UCP3 ablation reduced tissue and mitochondrial respiratory capacities, not affecting the mitochondrial content. In KO UCP3 mice, the mitochondrial complexes activities were lower than in WT without changes in their content. These effects were accompanied by an increase in the level of oxidative stress markers, ROS content, and in vitro susceptibility to oxidative stress, notwithstanding that the activities of antioxidant enzymes were not affected by UCP3 ablation. Such modifications are also associated with enhanced activation/phosphorylation of EIF2α, a marker of integrated stress response and endoplasmic reticulum stress (GRP778 BIP). The lack of UCP3 makes the heart more prone to oxidative insult by reducing oxygen consumption and increasing ROS. Our results demonstrate that UCP3 helps the cell to preserve mitochondrial function by mitigating oxidative stress.

Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry published new progress about Ablation. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Formula: C4H6O5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts