Category: 76931-93-6

Recommanded Product: 2,5-Dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl 2-(acetylthio)acetateOn October 14, 2020 ,《i-SATA: A MATLAB based toolbox to estimate current density generated by transcranial direct current stimulation in an individual brain.》 was published in Journal of neural engineering. The article was written by Kashyap, Rajan; Bhattacharjee, Sagarika; Arumugam, Ramaswamy; Oishi, Kenichi; Desmond, John E; Chen, Sh Annabel. The article contains the following contents:

OBJECTIVE: Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) is a technique where a weak current is passed through the electrodes placed on the scalp. The distribution of the electric current induced in the brain due to tDCS is provided by simulation toolbox like Realistic volumetric Approach based Simulator for Transcranial electric stimulation (ROAST). However, the procedure to estimate the total current density induced at the target and the intermediary region of the cortex is complex. The Systematic-Approach-for-tDCS-Analysis (SATA) was developed to overcome this problem. However, SATA is limited to standardized (MNI152) headspace only. Here we develop individual-SATA (i-SATA) to extend it to individual head. APPROACH: T1-weighted images of 15 subjects were taken from two Magnetic Resonance Imaging scanners of different strengths. Across the subjects, the montages were simulated in ROAST. i-SATA converts the ROAST output to Talairach space. The x, y and z coordinates of the anterior commissure (AC), posterior commissure (PC), and Mid-Sagittal (MS) points are necessary for the conversion. AC and PC are detected using the acpcdetect toolbox. We developed a method to determine the MS in the image and cross-verified its location manually using BrainSight®. MAIN RESULTS: Determination of points with i-SATA is fast and accurate. The i-SATA provided estimates of the current-density induced across an individual’s cortical lobes and gyri as tested on images from two different scanners. SIGNIFICANCE: Researchers can use i-SATA for customizing tDCS-montages. With i-SATA it is also easier to compute the inter-individual variation in current-density across the target and intermediary regions of the brain. The software is publicly available.2,5-Dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl 2-(acetylthio)acetate(cas: 76931-93-6Recommanded Product: 2,5-Dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl 2-(acetylthio)acetate) was used in this study.

2,5-Dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl 2-(acetylthio)acetate(cas: 76931-93-6) belongs to pyrrolidine. Pyrrolidine being a good nucleophile easily undergoes electrophilic substitution reactions with different electrophiles such alkyl halides and acyl halides, and forms N-substituted pyrrolidines. N-Alkylpyrrolidine on further reaction with alkyl halide provided quaternary salts.Recommanded Product: 2,5-Dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl 2-(acetylthio)acetate

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Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Quality Control of 2,5-Dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl 2-(acetylthio)acetateOn November 14, 2019 ,《Novel Matrix Metalloproteinase 12 Selective Radiotracers for Vascular Molecular Imaging》 appeared in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. The author of the article were Toczek, Jakub; Bordenave, Thomas; Gona, Kiran; Kim, Hye-Yeong; Beau, Fabrice; Georgiadis, Dimitris; Correia, Isabelle; Ye, Yunpeng; Razavian, Mahmoud; Jung, Jae-Joon; Lequin, Olivier; Dive, Vincent; Sadeghi, Mehran M.; Devel, Laurent. The article conveys some information:

Matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-12) is highly upregulated in several inflammatory diseases, including abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Here we report four novel 99mTc-labeled radiotracers derived from a highly selective competitive MMP-12 inhibitor. These tracers in their 99gTc version were assessed in vitro on a set of human metalloproteases and displayed high affinity and selectivity toward MMP-12. Their radiolabeling with 99mTc was shown to be efficient and stable in both buffer and mouse blood. The tracers showed major differences in their biodistribution and blood clearance. On the basis of its in vivo performance, [99mTc]-1 was selected for evaluation in murine AAA, where MMP-12 gene expression is upregulated. Autoradiog. of aortae at 2 h postinjection revealed high uptake of [99mTc]-1 in AAA relative to adjacent aorta. Tracer uptake specificity was demonstrated through in vivo competition. This study paves the way for further evaluation of [99mTc]-1 for imaging AAA and other MMP-12-associated diseases. In addition to this study using 2,5-Dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl 2-(acetylthio)acetate, there are many other studies that have used 2,5-Dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl 2-(acetylthio)acetate(cas: 76931-93-6Quality Control of 2,5-Dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl 2-(acetylthio)acetate) was used in this study.

2,5-Dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl 2-(acetylthio)acetate(cas: 76931-93-6) belongs to pyrrolidine. Pyrrolidine being a good nucleophile easily undergoes electrophilic substitution reactions with different electrophiles such alkyl halides and acyl halides, and forms N-substituted pyrrolidines. N-Alkylpyrrolidine on further reaction with alkyl halide provided quaternary salts.Quality Control of 2,5-Dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl 2-(acetylthio)acetate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Xie, Mengying; Wang, Zhiyi; Wan, Xinlong; Weng, Jie; Tu, Mengyun; Mei, Jin; Wang, Zhibin; Du, Xiaohong; Wang, Liangxing; Chen, Chan published their research in Journal of Biomaterials Applications on February 29 ,2020. The article was titled 《Crosslinking effects of branched PEG on decellularized lungs of rats for tissue engineering》.Recommanded Product: 76931-93-6 The article contains the following contents:

Poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) has been paid much attention to its applications in tissue engineering. However, the studies on poly (ethylene glycol) in tissue applications were currently far from enough. To investigate the crosslinking effects of poly (ethylene glycol) in mech. properties, anti-enzymic ability and cytocompatibility, in this study, the poly (ethylene glycol) was crosslinked to decellularized lung scaffolds from rats. In order to obtain the PEGylated decellularized lung scaffold, the N-succinimidyl S-acetylthioacetate was first used to modify the decellularized lung scaffold, and a four-arm- poly (ethylene glycol) containing four acrylate groups was then crosslinked to the decellularized lung scaffold by the Michael addition reaction between acrylate group and sulfhydryl group. The results showed that the optimal concentration of poly (ethylene glycol) and reaction time of PEGylation of decellularized lung scaffold was 40 mg/mL and 4 h, resp. Histol. examinations, SEM and quantification of tissue morphol. by septal thickness consistently indicated no differences between PEGylated and normal decellularized lung scaffold in morphol. Compared with native lung and normal decellularized lung scaffold, the Young’s modulus and stiffness of PEGylated decellularized lung scaffold increased significantly, whereas enzymic degradation rate of PEGylated decellularized lung scaffold decreased significantly, suggesting that poly (ethylene glycol) significantly enhanced the biomech. property and anti-enzymic stability of decellularized lung scaffold. Further, no significant differences in cell viability were found between PEGylated and normal decellularized lung scaffold, suggesting no toxicity introduction of poly (ethylene glycol) into decellularized lung scaffold by the crosslinking. These findings may provide useful information for further applications of poly (ethylene glycol) in tissue engineering.2,5-Dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl 2-(acetylthio)acetate(cas: 76931-93-6Recommanded Product: 76931-93-6) was used in this study.

2,5-Dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl 2-(acetylthio)acetate(cas: 76931-93-6) belongs to pyrrolidine. Pyrrolidine being a good nucleophile easily undergoes electrophilic substitution reactions with different electrophiles such alkyl halides and acyl halides, and forms N-substituted pyrrolidines. N-Alkylpyrrolidine on further reaction with alkyl halide provided quaternary salts.Recommanded Product: 76931-93-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Category: alcohols-buliding-blocksOn November 1, 2019 ,《Development of theranostic active-targeting boron-containing gold nanoparticles for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT)》 appeared in Colloids and Surfaces, B: Biointerfaces. The author of the article were Wu, Chun-Yi; Lin, Jia-Jia; Chang, Wen-Yi; Hsieh, Cheng-Ying; Wu, Chin-Ching; Chen, Hong-Sen; Hsu, Hung-Ju; Yang, An-Suei; Hsu, Ming-Hua; Kuo, Wei-Ying. The article conveys some information:

This study aims to develop theranostic AuNP-boron cage assemblies (B-AuNPs) and evaluate its feasibility for BNCT. The com. citrate-coated AuNPs were subjected to PEGylation, azide addition, and carborane modification on the surface. To further arm the AuNPs, we conjugated anti-HER2 antibody (61 IgG) with boron-containing PEGylated AuNPs to form 61-B-AuNPs. The diameter and radiolabeling efficiency of boron-containing AuNPs were determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and radio thin-layer chromatog. (radio TLC), resp. Noninvasive single-photon emission computed tomog. (SPECT)/computed tomog. (CT) imaging was performed to determine the pharmacokinetics of radioiodinated AuNPs in N87 gastric cancer xenografts, and the content of boron in tumor and muscle was assessed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). After the 3-step modification, the diameter of B-AuNPs increased by ~25 nm, and antibody conjugation did not affect the diameter of AuNPs. Radioactive iodine (I-123) was introduced in AuNPs by Click chem. under copper catalysis. The radiolabeling efficiency of 123I-B-AuNPs and 123I-61-B-AuNPs was approx. 60 ± 5%. After purification, the radiochem. purity (RCP) of these NPs was greater than 90%. MicroSPECT/CT imaging showed that the tumor-to-muscle (T/M) ratio of 123I-B-AuNP-injected mice reached 1.91 ± 0.17 at 12 h post-injection, while that of 123I-61-B-AuNP-injected mice was 12.02 ± 0.94. The experimental part of the paper was very detailed, including the reaction process of 2,5-Dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl 2-(acetylthio)acetate(cas: 76931-93-6Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks)

2,5-Dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl 2-(acetylthio)acetate(cas: 76931-93-6) belongs to pyrrolidine. Pyrrolidine being a good nucleophile easily undergoes electrophilic substitution reactions with different electrophiles such alkyl halides and acyl halides, and forms N-substituted pyrrolidines. N-Alkylpyrrolidine on further reaction with alkyl halide provided quaternary salts.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

《A novel approach to nonsurgical sterilization; application of menadione-modified gonocyte-targeting M13 bacteriophage for germ cell ablation in utero》 was published in Pharmacology Research & Perspectives in 2020. These research results belong to Fraser, Barbara A.; Miller, Kasey; Trigg, Natalie A.; Smith, Nathan D.; Western, Patrick S.; Nixon, Brett; Aitken, Robert J.. Safety of 2,5-Dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl 2-(acetylthio)acetate The article mentions the following:

There remains a compelling need for the development of nonsurgical sterilizing agents to expand the fertility management options for both domestic and feral animal species. We hypothesize that an efficacious sterilization approach would be to selectively ablate nonrenewable cell types that are essential for reproduction, such as the undifferentiated gonocytes within the embryonic gonad. Here, we report a novel strategy to achieve this goal centered on the use of a chem. modified M13 bacteriophage to effect the targeted delivery of menadione, a redox-cycling naphthoquinone, to mouse gonocytes. Panning of the M13 random peptide phage display library proved effective in the isolation of gonocyte-specific targeting clones. One such clone was modified via N-succinimidyl-S-acetylthioacetate (SATA) linkage to the N-terminus of the major PVIII capsid protein. Subsequent deacetylation of the SATA was undertaken to expose a thiol group capable of reacting with menadione through Michael addition This chem. modification was confirmed using UV spectrophotometry. In proof-of-concept experiments we applied the modified phage to primary cultures of fetal germ cells and induced, an approx., 60% reduction in the viability of the target cell population. These studies pave the way for in vivo application of chem. modified M13 bacteriophage in order to achieve the selective ablation of nonrenewable cell types in the reproductive system, thereby providing a novel nonsurgical approach the regulation of fertility in target species. In addition to this study using 2,5-Dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl 2-(acetylthio)acetate, there are many other studies that have used 2,5-Dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl 2-(acetylthio)acetate(cas: 76931-93-6Safety of 2,5-Dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl 2-(acetylthio)acetate) was used in this study.

2,5-Dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl 2-(acetylthio)acetate(cas: 76931-93-6) belongs to pyrrolidine. Pyrrolidine on reaction with ketenedithioacetals gave mono- and dipyrrolidino derivatives. Reaction of parent pyrrolidine with alkyl/aryl isocyanates or isothiocyanates provided 1,3-disubstituted ureas/thioureas.Safety of 2,5-Dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl 2-(acetylthio)acetate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

《Isolation of Anti-Hapten Antibodies by Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting of Yeast-Displayed B-Cell Receptor Gene Repertoires》 was published in Methods in Molecular Biology (New York, NY, United States) in 2020. These research results belong to Jaeger, Sebastian; Krah, Simon; Koenning, Doreen; Rosskopf, Janis; Dickgiesser, Stephan; Rasche, Nicolas; Kolmar, Harald; Hecht, Stefan; Schroeter, Christian. COA of Formula: C8H9NO5S The article mentions the following:

Anti-hapten antibodies are widely used as specific immunochem. detection tools in a variety of clin. and environmental analyses. The sensitivity, however, is limited due to the resulting antibody affinities to the haptens which, in turn, leads to a high demand for specific affinity reagents. A well-established path for the generation of high-affinity antibodies is the immunization of animals with the target antigen. However, the generation of anti-hapten antibodies via immunization remains challenging as small mol. haptens usually possess low immunogenicity and, therefore, must be coupled to an immunogenic and high mol. weight carrier to provoke an immune response.Consequently, antibodies are primarily raised against the carrier mol. or structural features of the hapten-linker fused to the carrier protein. This turns the generation of antibodies which bind exclusively to the hapten structure into a search for the needle in a haystack. In the following chapter, we describe how yeast surface display and high-throughput fluorescence-activated cell sorting can be used to isolate anti-hapten antibodies from a large, yeast-displayed B-cell receptor gene library derived from immunized animals. For this, we describe in detail the preparation of protein-hapten conjugates, the immunization procedure, and the subsequent screening process. Moreover, we provide a simple flow cytometry protocol that allows for a rapid anal. of the enriched clones toward free hapten binding. In the experiment, the researchers used 2,5-Dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl 2-(acetylthio)acetate(cas: 76931-93-6COA of Formula: C8H9NO5S)

2,5-Dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl 2-(acetylthio)acetate(cas: 76931-93-6) belongs to pyrrolidine. Pyrrolidine on reaction with ketenedithioacetals gave mono- and dipyrrolidino derivatives. Reaction of parent pyrrolidine with alkyl/aryl isocyanates or isothiocyanates provided 1,3-disubstituted ureas/thioureas.COA of Formula: C8H9NO5S

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts