Category: 16588-26-4

Application In Synthesis of 3-Bromo-4-chloronitrobenzene. The mechanism of aromatic electrophilic substitution of aromatic heterocycles is consistent with that of benzene. Compound: 3-Bromo-4-chloronitrobenzene, is researched, Molecular C6H3BrClNO2, CAS is 16588-26-4, about Gold-catalyzed direct hydrogenative coupling of nitroarenes to synthesize aromatic azo compounds. Author is Liu, Xiang; Li, Hai-Qian; Ye, Sen; Liu, Yong-Mei; He, He-Yong; Cao, Yong.

The azo linkage is a prominent chem. motif which has found numerous applications in materials science, pharmaceuticals, and agrochems. Described herein is a sustainable heterogeneous-gold-catalyzed synthesis of azo arenes. Available nitroarenes are deoxygenated and linked selectively by the formation of N-N bonds using mol. H2 without any external additives. As a result of a unique and remarkable synergy between the metal and support, a facile surface-mediated condensation of nitroso and hydroxylamine intermediates is enabled, and the desired transformation proceeds in a highly selective manner under mild reaction conditions. The protocol tolerates a large variety of functional groups and offers a general and versatile method for the environmentally friendly synthesis of sym. or asym. aromatic azo compounds © 2014 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

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Name: 3-Bromo-4-chloronitrobenzene. The fused heterocycle is formed by combining a benzene ring with a single heterocycle, or two or more single heterocycles. Compound: 3-Bromo-4-chloronitrobenzene, is researched, Molecular C6H3BrClNO2, CAS is 16588-26-4, about Cobalt-Catalyzed C-N Bond-Forming Reaction between Chloronitrobenzenes and Secondary Amines. Author is Toma, Gabriel; Yamaguchi, Ryohei.

Cyclic secondary amines react with mono- or dichloronitrobenzenes in the presence of a catalytic amount of cobalt(II) chloride. Phosphane ligands are beneficial for the reaction, although the bite-angle effect was not strong. The resulting nitro-substituted tertiary amines are important as bioactive compounds and can also be intermediates for the synthesis of substituted anilines. This work represents the first cobalt-catalyzed approach to C-N bond-forming reactions involving aromatic chlorides and cyclic secondary amines. The reaction is ortho- and para-selective, with meta-substituted halides being unreactive in this procedure.

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Epoxy compounds usually have stronger nucleophilic ability, because the alkyl group on the oxygen atom makes the bond angle smaller, which makes the lone pair of electrons react more dissimilarly with the electron-deficient system. Compound: 3-Bromo-4-chloronitrobenzene, is researched, Molecular C6H3BrClNO2, CAS is 16588-26-4, about Structure-activity relationships for chemical and glutathione S-transferase-catalyzed glutathione conjugation reactions of a series of 2-substituted 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzenes.Safety of 3-Bromo-4-chloronitrobenzene.

Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) constitute an important class of phase II (de)toxifying enzymes, catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with electrophilic compounds In the present study, Km, kcat and kcat/Km values for the rat GST 1-1-, 3-3-, 4-4- and 7-7-catalyzed conjugation reactions between GSH and a series of 10 different 2-substituted 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzenes, and the second-order rate constants (ks) of the corresponding base-catalyzed reactions, were correlated with nine classical physico-chem. parameters (electronic, steric and lipophilic) of the substituents and with 16 computer-calculated mol. parameters of the substrates and of the corresponding Meisenheimer complexes with MeS- as a model nucleophile for GS- (charge distributions and several energy values), giving structure-activity relationships. On the basis of an identical dependence of the base-catalyzed as well as the GST 1-1- and GST 7-7-catalyzed reactions on electronic parameters (among others, Hammett substituent constant σp and charge on p-nitro substituents), and the finding that the corresponding reactions catalyzed by GSTs 3-3 and 4-4 depend to a significantly lesser extent on these parameters, it was concluded that the Mu-class GST isoenzymes have a rate-determining transition state in the conjugation reaction between 2-substituted 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzenes and GSH which is different from that of the other two GSTs. Several alternative rate-limiting transition states for GST 3-3 and 4-4 are discussed. Furthermore, based on the obtained structure-activity relationships, it was possible to predict the kcat/Km values of the four GST isoenzymes and the ks of the base-catalyzed GSH conjugation of 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene.

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The preparation of ester heterocycles mostly uses heteroatoms as nucleophilic sites, which are achieved by intramolecular substitution or addition reactions. Compound: 3-Bromo-4-chloronitrobenzene( cas:16588-26-4 ) is researched.Formula: C6H3BrClNO2.Bromidge, Steven M.; Dabbs, Steven; Davies, David T.; Davies, Susannah; Duckworth, D. Malcolm; Forbes, Ian T.; Gaster, Laramie M.; Ham, Peter; Jones, Graham E.; King, Frank D.; Mulholland, Keith R.; Saunders, Damian V.; Wyman, Paul A.; Blaney, Frank E.; Clarke, Stephen E.; Blackburn, Thomas P.; Holland, Vicky; Kennett, Guy A.; Lightowler, Sean; Middlemiss, Derek N.; Trail, Brenda; Riley, Graham J.; Wood, Martyn D. published the article 《Biarylcarbamoylindolines Are Novel and Selective 5-HT2C Receptor Inverse Agonists: Identification of 5-Methyl-1-[[2-[(2-methyl-3-pyridyl)oxy]- 5-pyridyl]carbamoyl]-6-trifluoromethylindoline (SB-243213) as a Potential Antidepressant/Anxiolytic Agent》 about this compound( cas:16588-26-4 ) in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. Keywords: biarylcarbamoyl indoline preparation structure 5HT2C agonist; antidepressant anxiolytic biarylcarbamoylindoline serotoninergic agonist. Let’s learn more about this compound (cas:16588-26-4).

The evolution, synthesis, and biol. activity of a novel series of 5-HT2C receptor inverse agonists are reported. Biarylcarbamoylindolines have been identified with excellent 5-HT2C affinity and selectivity over 5-HT2A receptors. In addition, (pyridyloxypyridyl)carbamoylindolines have been discovered with addnl. selectivity over the closely related 5-HT2B receptor. Compounds from this series are inverse agonists at the human cloned 5-HT2C receptor, completely abolishing basal activity in a functional assay. The new series have reduced P 450 inhibitory liability compared to a previously described series of 1-(3-pyridylcarbamoyl)indolines (Bromidge et al. J. Med. Chem. 1998, 41, 1598) from which they evolved. Compounds from this series showed excellent oral activity in a rat mCPP hypolocomotion model and in animal models of anxiety. On the basis of their favorable biol. profile, SB-228357 and SB-243213 have been selected for further evaluation to determine their therapeutic potential for the treatment of CNS disorders such as depression and anxiety.

From this literature《Biarylcarbamoylindolines Are Novel and Selective 5-HT2C Receptor Inverse Agonists: Identification of 5-Methyl-1-[[2-[(2-methyl-3-pyridyl)oxy]- 5-pyridyl]carbamoyl]-6-trifluoromethylindoline (SB-243213) as a Potential Antidepressant/Anxiolytic Agent》,we know some information about this compound(16588-26-4)Formula: C6H3BrClNO2, but this is not all information, there are many literatures related to this compound(16588-26-4).

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Name: 3-Bromo-4-chloronitrobenzene. The reaction of aromatic heterocyclic molecules with protons is called protonation. Aromatic heterocycles are more basic than benzene due to the participation of heteroatoms. Compound: 3-Bromo-4-chloronitrobenzene, is researched, Molecular C6H3BrClNO2, CAS is 16588-26-4, about In Situ Synthesized Silica-Supported Co@N-Doped Carbon as Highly Efficient and Reusable Catalysts for Selective Reduction of Halogenated Nitroaromatics. Author is Sheng, Yao; Wang, Xueguang; Yue, Shengnan; Cheng, Gonglin; Zou, Xiujing; Lu, Xionggang.

Silica-supported Co@N-doped carbon (Co@CN/SiO2) catalysts were first prepared by a one-step impregnation with a mixed solution of cobalt nitrate, glucose and urea, followed by in situ carbonization and reduction The Co@CN/SiO2 catalysts were investigated for the selective reduction of nitro aromatics RNO2 (R = Ph, 4,5-dichloro-2-nitroaniline, 2-chloro-3-nitropyridine, etc.) to the corresponding anilines RNH2 using hydrazine hydrate. The Co@CN/SiO2-500 carbonized at 500°C exhibited the highest catalytic activity and excellent stability without any decay of activity after 6 cycles for the reduction of nitrobenzene. Both metallic Co atoms and Co-N species formed in the Co@CN/SiO2 catalysts were active, but the Co-N species were dominant active sites. The high activities of the Co@CN/SiO2 catalysts were attributed to the synergistic effect between the Co and N atoms, promoting heterolytic cleavage of hydrazine to form H+/H- pairs. Representative examples demonstrated that the Co@CN/SiO2-500 could completely transform various halogen-substituted nitro aromatics to the corresponding halogenated anilines with high TOFs and selectivity of >99.5%.

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Related Products of 16588-26-4. So far, in addition to halogen atoms, other non-metallic atoms can become part of the aromatic heterocycle, and the target ring system is still aromatic. Compound: 3-Bromo-4-chloronitrobenzene, is researched, Molecular C6H3BrClNO2, CAS is 16588-26-4, about A Predictive Substrate Model for Rat Glutathione S-Transferase 4-4.

Mol. modeling techniques have been used to derive a substrate model for class mu rat glutathione S-transferase 4-4 (GST 4-4). Information on regio- and stereoselective product formation of 20 substrates covering three chem. and structurally different classes was used to construct a substrate model containing three interaction sites responsible for Lewis acid-Lewis base interactions (IS1, IS2, and IS3), as well as a region responsible for aromatic interactions (IS4). Exptl. data suggest that the first protein interaction site (pIS1, interacting with IS1) corresponds with Tyr115, while the other protein interaction sites (pIS2 and pIS3) probably correspond with other Lewis acidic amino acids. All substrates exhibited pos. mol. electrostatic potentials (MEPs) near the site of conjugation with glutathione (GSH), as well as neg. MEP values near the position of groups with Lewis base properties (IS1, IS2, or IS3), which interact with pIS1, pIS2, or pIS3, resp. Obviously, complementarity between the MEPs of substrates and protein in specific regions is important. The substrate specificity and stereoselectivity of GST 4-4 are most likely determined by pIS1 and the distance between the site of GSH attack and Lewis base atoms in the substrates which interact with either pIS2, pIS3, or a combination of these sites. Interaction between aromatic regions in the substrate with aromatic amino acids in the protein further stabilizes the substrate in the active site. The predictive value of the model has been evaluated by rationalizing the conjugation to GSH of 11 substrates of GST 4-4 (representing 3 classes of compounds) which were not used to construct the model. All known metabolites of these substrates are explained with the model. As the computer-aided predictions appear to correlate well with exptl. results, the presented substrate model may be useful to identify new potential GST 4-4 substrates.

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The chemical properties of alicyclic heterocycles are similar to those of the corresponding chain compounds. Compound: 3-Bromo-4-chloronitrobenzene, is researched, Molecular C6H3BrClNO2, CAS is 16588-26-4, about 4-Substituted 1-Chloro-2-nitrobenzenes: Structure-Activity Relationships and Extension of the Substrate Model of Rat Glutathione S-Transferase 4-4, the main research direction is chloronitrobenzene glutathione transferase kinetics structure.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks.

In the present study, eleven 4-substituted 1-chloro-2-nitrobenzenes were tested for their GSH conjugation capacity when catalyzed by base or rat glutathione S-transferase (GST) 4-4. Kinetic parameters (ks and Km, kcat, and kcat/Km) were determined and subsequently used for the description of structure-activity relationships (SAR’s). For this purpose, eight physicochem. parameters (electronic, steric, and lipophilic) of the substituents and five computer-calculated parameters of the substrates (charge distributions and several energy values) were used in regression analyses with the kinetic parameters. The obtained SAR’s are compared with corresponding SAR’s for the GSH conjugation of 2-substituted 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzenes, previously determined [van der Aar et al. (1996) Chem. Res. Toxicol. 9, 527-534]. The kinetic parameters of the 4-substituted 1-chloro-2-nitrobenzenes correlated well with the Hammett σp- constant: the Hammett σp constant corrected for “”through resonance”” while the corresponding kinetic parameters of the 2-substituted 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzenes did not. The base- and GST 4-4-catalyzed GSH conjugation reactions of 2-substituted 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzenes depend to a different extent on the electronic properties of the ortho substituents, suggesting the involvement of different rate-limiting transition states. The base- and GST 4-4-catalyzed conjugation of 4-substituted 1-chloro-2-nitrobenzenes, however, showed a similar dependence on the electronic properties of the para substituents, indicating that these substrates are conjugated to GSH via a similar transition state. Multiple regression analyses revealed that, besides electronic interactions, also steric and lipophilic restrictions appeared to play an important role in the GST 4-4-catalyzed GSH conjugation of 4-substituted 1-chloro-2-nitrobenzenes. Finally, the 4-substituted 1-chloro-2-nitrobenzenes were also used to extend the previously described substrate model for GST 4-4 [De Groot et al. (1995) Chem. Res. Toxicol. 8, 649-658], by which a specific steric restriction of substrates for GST 4-4 became clear.

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In general, if the atoms that make up the ring contain heteroatoms, such rings become heterocycles, and organic compounds containing heterocycles are called heterocyclic compounds. An article called Enzyme kinetics and substrate selectivities of rat glutathione S-transferase isoenzymes towards a series of new 2-substituted 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzenes, published in 1996-02-29, which mentions a compound: 16588-26-4, Name is 3-Bromo-4-chloronitrobenzene, Molecular C6H3BrClNO2, Product Details of 16588-26-4.

1. Four different rat glutathione S-transferase (GST) isoenzymes, belonging to three different classes, were examined for their GSH conjugating capacity towards 11 2-substituted 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene derivatives Significant differences were found in their enzyme kinetic parameters Km, kcat and kcat/Km. 2. Substrates with bulky substituents on the ortho-position appeared to have high affinities (low Km’s) for the active site of the GST-isoenzymes, suggesting that there is sufficient space in this area of the active site. A remarkably high Km (low affinity) was found for 2-chloro-5-nitropyridine towards all GST-isoenzymes examined 3. GST 3-3 catalyzed the reaction between GSH and the substrates most efficiently (high kcat) compared with the other GST-isoenzymes. Moreover, GST 3-3 showed clear substrate selectivities towards the substrates with a trifluoromethyl- chlorine- and bromine-substituent. 1-Chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzonitrile were most efficiently conjugated by all four GST-isoenzymes examined 4. When the rate of the conjugation reactions was followed, a linear increase of formation of GS-conjugate could be seen for 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzonitrile during a much longer period of time than for 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene with all GST-isoenzymes examined Therefore, it is suggested that 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzonitrile might be recommended as an alternative model substrate in GST-research.

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In general, if the atoms that make up the ring contain heteroatoms, such rings become heterocycles, and organic compounds containing heterocycles are called heterocyclic compounds. An article called A Predictive Substrate Model for Rat Glutathione S-Transferase 4-4, published in 1995-08-31, which mentions a compound: 16588-26-4, Name is 3-Bromo-4-chloronitrobenzene, Molecular C6H3BrClNO2, Recommanded Product: 3-Bromo-4-chloronitrobenzene.

Mol. modeling techniques have been used to derive a substrate model for class mu rat glutathione S-transferase 4-4 (GST 4-4). Information on regio- and stereoselective product formation of 20 substrates covering three chem. and structurally different classes was used to construct a substrate model containing three interaction sites responsible for Lewis acid-Lewis base interactions (IS1, IS2, and IS3), as well as a region responsible for aromatic interactions (IS4). Exptl. data suggest that the first protein interaction site (pIS1, interacting with IS1) corresponds with Tyr115, while the other protein interaction sites (pIS2 and pIS3) probably correspond with other Lewis acidic amino acids. All substrates exhibited pos. mol. electrostatic potentials (MEPs) near the site of conjugation with glutathione (GSH), as well as neg. MEP values near the position of groups with Lewis base properties (IS1, IS2, or IS3), which interact with pIS1, pIS2, or pIS3, resp. Obviously, complementarity between the MEPs of substrates and protein in specific regions is important. The substrate specificity and stereoselectivity of GST 4-4 are most likely determined by pIS1 and the distance between the site of GSH attack and Lewis base atoms in the substrates which interact with either pIS2, pIS3, or a combination of these sites. Interaction between aromatic regions in the substrate with aromatic amino acids in the protein further stabilizes the substrate in the active site. The predictive value of the model has been evaluated by rationalizing the conjugation to GSH of 11 substrates of GST 4-4 (representing 3 classes of compounds) which were not used to construct the model. All known metabolites of these substrates are explained with the model. As the computer-aided predictions appear to correlate well with exptl. results, the presented substrate model may be useful to identify new potential GST 4-4 substrates.

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So far, in addition to halogen atoms, other non-metallic atoms can become part of the aromatic heterocycle, and the target ring system is still aromatic.Bromidge, Steven M.; Dabbs, Steven; Davies, David T.; Davies, Susannah; Duckworth, D. Malcolm; Forbes, Ian T.; Gaster, Laramie M.; Ham, Peter; Jones, Graham E.; King, Frank D.; Mulholland, Keith R.; Saunders, Damian V.; Wyman, Paul A.; Blaney, Frank E.; Clarke, Stephen E.; Blackburn, Thomas P.; Holland, Vicky; Kennett, Guy A.; Lightowler, Sean; Middlemiss, Derek N.; Trail, Brenda; Riley, Graham J.; Wood, Martyn D. researched the compound: 3-Bromo-4-chloronitrobenzene( cas:16588-26-4 ).Formula: C6H3BrClNO2.They published the article 《Biarylcarbamoylindolines Are Novel and Selective 5-HT2C Receptor Inverse Agonists: Identification of 5-Methyl-1-[[2-[(2-methyl-3-pyridyl)oxy]- 5-pyridyl]carbamoyl]-6-trifluoromethylindoline (SB-243213) as a Potential Antidepressant/Anxiolytic Agent》 about this compound( cas:16588-26-4 ) in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. Keywords: biarylcarbamoyl indoline preparation structure 5HT2C agonist; antidepressant anxiolytic biarylcarbamoylindoline serotoninergic agonist. We’ll tell you more about this compound (cas:16588-26-4).

The evolution, synthesis, and biol. activity of a novel series of 5-HT2C receptor inverse agonists are reported. Biarylcarbamoylindolines have been identified with excellent 5-HT2C affinity and selectivity over 5-HT2A receptors. In addition, (pyridyloxypyridyl)carbamoylindolines have been discovered with addnl. selectivity over the closely related 5-HT2B receptor. Compounds from this series are inverse agonists at the human cloned 5-HT2C receptor, completely abolishing basal activity in a functional assay. The new series have reduced P 450 inhibitory liability compared to a previously described series of 1-(3-pyridylcarbamoyl)indolines (Bromidge et al. J. Med. Chem. 1998, 41, 1598) from which they evolved. Compounds from this series showed excellent oral activity in a rat mCPP hypolocomotion model and in animal models of anxiety. On the basis of their favorable biol. profile, SB-228357 and SB-243213 have been selected for further evaluation to determine their therapeutic potential for the treatment of CNS disorders such as depression and anxiety.

As far as I know, this compound(16588-26-4)Formula: C6H3BrClNO2 can be applied in many ways, which is helpful for the development of experiments. Therefore many people are doing relevant researches.

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Alcohol – Wikipedia,
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