Category: 137-08-6

Formulation of infant formula with different casein fractions and their effects on physical properties and digestion characteristics was written by Zhang, Junpeng;Du, Xinyu;Jiang, Shilong;Xie, Qinggang;Mu, Guangqing;Wu, Xiaomeng. And the article was included in Food & Function in 2022.SDS of cas: 137-08-6 This article mentions the following:

This study investigated whether casein (CN) fractions exhibit better phys. properties and digestibility than native casein micelles presently used in the production of infant formula. The structural performance of native casein micelles (micellar casein concentrates, MCC), β-CN, κ-CN and β + κ-CN were explored, and phys. properties and digestion characteristics (i.e., digestibility, particle size, zeta potential and microscopic morphol.) of the infant formula with MCC, β-CN, κ-CN or β + κ-CN were determined to elucidate the applicability of these casein types in infant formula. Results indicated that the β + κ-CN infant formula solution had the largest particle size with the most unstable potential. Moreover, both β-CN and κ-CN infant formula showed high solubility, while κ-CN displayed the lowest foaming capacity and high foaming stability. β-CN infant formula expressed an effective digestibility property, however, it possessed the largest particle size after gastrointestinal digestion. Therefore, β-CN fraction infant formula showed better digestibility than casein infant formula, and thus this work provides a theor. basis for the development of infant formula. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6SDS of cas: 137-08-6).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.SDS of cas: 137-08-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Effect of vitamins and metal ions on productivity and charge heterogeneity of IgG1 expressed in CHO cells was written by Gangwar, Neelesh;Mishra, Rishabh;Budholiya, Niharika;Rathore, Anurag S.. And the article was included in Biotechnology Journal in 2021.Reference of 137-08-6 This article mentions the following:

Recombinant monoclonal antibodies have emerged as the most successful modality of biotherapeutics. They are primarily expressed in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells. It is well known that post-translational modifications (PTM) contribute significantly to heterogeneity with respect to charge, glycosylation, and size. These attributes in turn impact stability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of the biotherapeutic product. Cell culture media components are known to significantly contribute to both cellular productivity as well as post-translational modifications. Thus, it is highly desirable to understand how media components affect product quality. This study aims to explore the impact of vitamins and metal ions on protein expression and post-translational modifications specifically charge heterogeneity. Biotin, choline chloride, D-calcium pantothenate, folic acid, pyridoxine hydrochloride, thiamine hydrochloride vitamins and Fe, Cu, Mg, Co, Zn, Mn, Ni metal ions were examined in this study. The results indicate that pyridoxine enhances productivity while Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, and biotin impact charge heterogeneity. While, Fe, Mn and Ni enhance production of the acidic variants, Cu and biotin inhibit it. Zn reduces formation of basic variants while biotin enhances it. The results from this investigation could be used for process control so as to get consistent charge variant profile, in particular for biosimilars. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6Reference of 137-08-6).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Reference of 137-08-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Effects of dietary tributyrin on growth performance, body composition, serum biochemical indexes and lipid metabolism-related genes expression of juvenile large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) fed with high level soybean oil diets was written by Xu, Ning;Ding, Tao;Liu, Yongtao;Zheng, Weiqiang;Liu, Qiangde;Yin, Zhaoyang;Xiang, Xiaojun;Xu, Dan;Mai, Kangsen;Ai, Qinghui. And the article was included in Aquaculture Nutrition in 2021.Application of 137-08-6 This article mentions the following:

A 10-wk feed trial was conducted to investigate the effects of tributyrin (TB) supplementation on growth performance, body composition, serum biochem. indexes and lipid metabolism-related genes expression of juvenile large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) fed diets containing high level of soybean oil. In the neg. control group, 80 g/kg fish oil was used as the only lipid source (FO group), while in the pos. control group, 20 g/kg fish oil and 60 g/kg soybean oil were used as the lipid source (FS group). Based on the pos. control diet, grade levels of 1, 2, 4 and 8 g/kg tributyrin were added, resp. Results showed that compared with the neg. control group, high level of dietary soybean oil significantly decreased the growth performance and increased the liver lipids deposition of juvenile large yellow croaker. Compared with the pos. control group, supplementation of 2 g/kg tributyrin significantly increased the growth performance and reduced the liver triglycerides and serum cholesterol content of juvenile large yellow croaker. Supplementation of 4 g/kg tributyrin significantly decreased liver triglycerides and serum cholesterol and free fatty acids content of juvenile large yellow croaker. Moreover, supplementation of 2 and 4 g/kg tributyrin significantly decreased the expression of acc, srebp-1, and pparγ and significantly increased the expression of cpt1. Results of the present study indicated that moderate tributyrin supplementation in diet containing high level of soybean oil could promote growth performance and reduce liver fat accumulation and hyperlipidemia of cultured juvenile large yellow croaker, which could be due to the decrease in lipogenesis-related genes expression and the increase in lipid oxidation-related genes expression. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6Application of 137-08-6).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Application of 137-08-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Dietary Euterpe oleracea Mart. attenuates seizures and damage to lipids in the brain of Colossoma macropomum was written by da Silva, Thamyres V. N.;Torres, Marcelo F.;Sampaio, Luis A.;Hamoy, Moises;Monserrat, Jose M.;Barbas, Luis Andre L.. And the article was included in Fish Physiology and Biochemistry in 2021.Recommanded Product: Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate This article mentions the following:

The Amazonian acai fruit (Euterpe oleracea) has shown promising anticonvulsant properties, comparable to those of diazepam (BDZ) in in vivo models submitted to pentylenetetrazole (PTZ). PTZ is a classic convulsant agent used in studies for the purpose of screening anticonvulsants and investigating the mechanisms of epilepsy. Herein, we aimed to determine, for the first time, the effect of dietary administration of lyophilized E. oleracea (LEO) on PTZ-induced seizures, using juvenile Colossoma macropomum fish (9.1 ±1.5 g) as a model. A control diet (0.00% LEO) and two levels of LEO inclusion were established: 5.00% and 10.0% LEO (weight/weight). Fish were divided into five groups (n = 5): control (0.9% physiol. solution; i.p.), PTZ (PTZ 150 mg kg-1; i.p.), PTZ LEO 5.00%, PTZ LEO 10.0%, and BDZ-PTZ (BDZ: diazepam 10 mg kg-1; i.p.). In addition to the electroencephalog. (EEG), the lipid peroxidation (TBARS) was quantified in the brain, along with the characterization of behavioral responses. Fish receiving PTZ showed intense action potential bursts (APB), which overlapped with a hyperactive behavior. In PTZ LEO 5.00% and 10.0% groups, convulsive behavior was significantly reduced compared to the PTZ group. Fish fed 5.00% or 10.0% LEO and exposed to PTZ showed less excitability and lower mean amplitude in tracings. The inclusion of 10.0% LEO in the diet prevented the increase in mean amplitude of the EEG waves by 80%, without significant differences to the quantified mean amplitude of the BDZ-PTZ group. TBARS concentration was reduced by 60% in the brain of fish fed 10.0% LEO-enriched diets relative to the PTZ-administered group. The results of this study demonstrated the anticonvulsant and protective roles of LEO to the brain, and the dietary inclusion of LEO seems to be promising for the formulation of functional diets. Results of this study may boost the interest on the anti-seizurogenic properties of Euterpe oleracea, including the development of new approaches for the prevention of seizures in humans and animals with low epileptic threshold. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6Recommanded Product: Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Recommanded Product: Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Implications of mistletoe parasitism for the host metabolome: A new plant identity in the forest canopy was written by Lazaro-Gonzalez, Alba;Gargallo-Garriga, Albert;Hodar, Jose Antonio;Sardans, Jordi;Oravec, Michal;Urban, Otmar;Penuelas, Josep;Zamora, Regino. And the article was included in Plant, Cell & Environment in 2021.Application In Synthesis of Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate This article mentions the following:

Mistletoe-host systems exemplify an intimate and chronic relationship where mistletoes represent protracted stress for hosts, causing long-lasting impact. Although host changes in morphol. and reproductive traits due to parasitism are well known, shifts in their physiol. system, altering metabolite concentrations, are less known due to the difficulty of quantification. Here, we use ecometabolomic techniques in the plant-plant interaction, comparing the complete metabolome of the leaves from mistletoe (Viscum album) and needles from their host (Pinus nigra), both parasitized and unparasitized, to elucidate host responses to plant parasitism. Our results show that mistletoe acquires metabolites basically from the primary metabolism of its host and synthesizes its own defense compounds In response to mistletoe parasitism, pines modify a quarter of their metabolome over the year, making the pine canopy metabolome more homogeneous by reducing the seasonal shifts in top-down stratification. Overall, host pines increase antioxidant metabolites, suggesting oxidative stress, and also increase part of the metabolites required by mistletoe, which act as a permanent sink of host resources. In conclusion, by exerting biotic stress and thereby causing permanent systemic change, mistletoe parasitism generates a new host-plant metabolic identity available in forest canopy, which could have notable ecol. consequences in the forest ecosystem. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6Application In Synthesis of Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Application In Synthesis of Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Yeast-derived mannan-rich fraction as an alternative for zinc oxide to alleviate diarrhea incidence and improve growth performance in weaned pigs was written by Zhang, G.;Zhao, J. B.;Dong, W. X.;Song, X. M.;Lin, G.;Li, D. F.;Zhang, S.. And the article was included in Animal Feed Science and Technology in 2021.COA of Formula: C18H32CaN2O10 This article mentions the following:

The objective of this study was to evaluate whether partial or complete replacement of zinc oxide (ZnO) with the mannan-rich fraction (MRF) would maintain or further improve growth performance, and affect diarrhea incidence, nutrient digestibility, serum growth-related hormone level, and intestinal health in weaned pigs. A total of 192 weaned pigs (96 barrows and 96 gilts) with an initial body weight (BW) of 7.84 ± 0.75 kg were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments in a completely randomized block design. The dietary treatments included a basal diet without antibiotics or zinc (Zn) supplementation (CON), ZnO diet (CON + 1600 mg Zn/kg from ZnO), MRF diet (CON + 800 mg MRF com. product/kg) and MFLZ diet (CON + 800 mg MRF com. product/kg and 800 mg Zn/kg from ZnO). Pigs fed the MFLZ diet showed greater (P < 0.05) average daily feed intake (ADFI) during day 14-28, while pigs fed MRF and MFLZ diets tended (P = 0.094) to have greater average daily gain (ADG) during the overall period (day 1-28) compared with pigs fed the CON diet. Diarrhea incidences in ZnO, MRF, and MFLZ groups were lower (P < 0.01) than those in the CON group throughout the experiment Except for the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of crude protein (CP) in the MFLZ group, the ATTD of dry matter, organic matter, gross energy, and CP was greater (P < 0.05) in both MRF and MFLZ groups. Pigs fed MRF and MFLZ diets had greater serum IGF-I levels (P < 0.05) than pigs fed CON and ZnO diets on day 14. However, ZnO supplementation in diets did not affect nutrients digestibility and serum IGF-I level. Pigs fed ZnO, MRF and MFLZ diets had higher (P < 0.05) acetic acid concentrations in the cecum, while pigs fed the MFLZ diet had higher butyric acid concentrations in the colon compared with those fed the CON diet. Moreover, pigs in the MRF group showed higher (P < 0.05) microbial richness and diversity than pigs in the ZnO group. In conclusion, ZnO and MRF alone or combination pos. impacted intestinal health, thereby alleviating diarrhea incidence and improving growth performance in weaned pigs, with higher nutrient digestibility as seen with MRF supplementation. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6COA of Formula: C18H32CaN2O10).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.COA of Formula: C18H32CaN2O10

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

The influence of dietary beta-1,3-glucan on growth performance, feed utilization, antioxidative and immune status of Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei was written by Xu, Bingying;Zhang, Gangwei;Wang, Lei;Sagada, Gladstone;Zhang, Jinzhi;Shao, Qingjun. And the article was included in Aquaculture Nutrition in 2021.Application In Synthesis of Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate This article mentions the following:

Prebiotics, i.e., β-1,3-glucans are widely used immunostimulants in aquaculture. A 70-day feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary β-1,3-glucan on growth performance, feed utilization, antioxidative and immune status of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Six iso-energetic and iso-nitrogenous diets with dietary β-1,3-glucan levels at 0, 0.04, 0.08. 0.16, 0.32 and 0.64 g kg-1 were fed to six replicates of shrimp (initial mean weight 0.98 ± 0.02 g). The diet with 0.16 g kg-1 β-1,3-glucan significantly improved weight gain and decreased feed conversion ratio of the shrimp. Compared with shrimp fed the basal diet, protein efficiency ratio was significantly higher in the β-1,3-glucan supplemented groups. Hepatopancreatic amylase activity was significantly increased by the β-1,3-glucan supplementation. The 0.16 g kg-1 β-1,3-glucan supplemented diet significantly improved serum total superoxide dismutase activity. The lowest hepatopancreatic malondialdehyde content was observed in the 0.64 g kg-1 β-1,3-glucan group. This study suggested that appropriate inclusion level of β-1,3-glucan can improve the growth performance, feed utilization and improve the antioxidative capacity of Pacific white shrimp, with optimum supplemental level being about 0.156 g kg-1 based on the weight gain in our results. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6Application In Synthesis of Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Application In Synthesis of Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts