Author: tianli

Hennacy, Jessica H. published the artcileProspects for Engineering Biophysical CO2 Concentrating Mechanisms into Land Plants to Enhance Yields, Formula: C4H6O5, the main research area is review Chlamydomonas Nicotiana Arabidopsis carbon dioxide; CO2 concentrating mechanism; Rubisco; carboxysome; crop yields; pyrenoid; synthetic biology.

Although cyanobacteria and algae represent a small fraction of the biomass of all primary producers, their photosynthetic activity accounts for roughly half of the daily CO2 fixation that occurs on Earth. These microorganisms are able to accomplish this feat by enhancing the activity of the CO2-fixing enzyme Rubisco using biophys. CO2 concentrating mechanisms (CCMs). Biophys. CCMs operate by concentrating bicarbonate and converting it into CO2 in a compartment that houses Rubisco (in contrast with other CCMs that concentrate CO2 via an organic intermediate, such as malate in the case of C4 CCMs). This activity provides Rubisco with a high concentration of its substrate, thereby increasing its reaction rate. The genetic engineering of a biophys. CCM into land plants is being pursued as a strategy to increase crop yields. This review focuses on the progress toward understanding the mol. components of cyanobacterial and algal CCMs, as well as recent advances toward engineering these components into land plants.

Annual Review of Plant Biology published new progress about Algae. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Formula: C4H6O5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Vockenberg, Thorben published the artcileThe sorption behaviour of amine micropollutants on polyethylene microplastics – impact of aging and interactions with green seaweed, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is amine micropollutants polyethylene microplastics seaweed.

Microplastics are ubiquitous in the environment. Due to still rising global production, the emission of polymers into the environment and the abundance of microplastics have increased accordingly. The hydrophobic surfaces of the particles can sorb chem. pollutants, therefore providing a potential pathway to accumulation by organisms. In this study, important industrial additives of emerging environmental concern, such as hydrophobic aromatic amines, were studied in relation to their sorption behavior on high-d. polyethylene and low-d. polyethylene microplastics. Diphenylamine (log POW (logarithmic octanol-water partition coefficient) = 3.5) showed strong sorption, carbamazepine (log POW = 2.5) showed moderate sorption, and aniline (log POW = 0.9) showed no detectable sorption behavior. Importantly, the sorption capacity increased with increasing salinity, leading to strong implications for ocean systems, as an elevated uptake of pollutants. Moreover, our study demonstrates that the ecotoxicol. effects of diphenylamine on the growth of the seaweed Ulva (sea lettuce, Chlorophyta) were reduced in the presence of microplastics. As the plastic particles withdrew enough contaminants from solution, even toxic levels of diphenylamine (c = 10-4 M) became tolerable for the algae. However, the pollutants initially sorbed on the microplastics can be released again at a later point in the process, thus having delayed pollution potential.

Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts published new progress about Algae. 111-87-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is n-Octanol, and the molecular formula is C8H18O, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Russell, Cherie published the artcileDoes the Australian health star rating system encourage added sugar reformulation? Trends in sweetener use in Australia, Recommanded Product: (3R,4R,5R)-6-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)hexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentaol, the main research area is saccharin sorbitolv sugar reformulation sweetener; added sugar; food policy; health star rating; non-nutritive sweeteners; nutrient profiling; ultra-processed food.

Dietary risk factors, including excess added sugar intake, are leading contributors to Australia′s burden of disease. An objective of the Australian Health Star Rating (HSR) system is to encourage the reformulation of packaged foods. Manufacturers may improve a product′s HSR by replacing added sugar with non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS). Concerns have been raised regarding the potential substitution effects of ultra-processed foods containing NNS for whole foods, and the long-term impact this may have on population health. The aim of this study was to determine whether the implementation of the HSR system has impacted the use of added sugars and NNS in the food supply. Four product categories were used: products with no added sweetener, products containing added sugar only, products containing NNS only, and products containing a combination of added sugar and NNS. Of 6477 newly released products analyzed displaying a HSR in Australia between 2014-2020, 63% contained added sugars. The proportion of new products sweetened with added sugars increased over time, while NNS use did not, despite a higher average and median HSR for products sweetened with NNS. These findings suggest that at the current time, the HSR system may not discourage the use of added sugars in new products or incentivize the reformulation of added sugar with NNS. As the health risks of NNS are questioned, increased reformulation of products with NNS to reduce the presence of added sugar in the food supply may not address broader health concerns. Instead, supporting the promotion of whole foods and drinks should be prioritized, as well as policy actions that reduce the proliferation and availability of UPFs.

Nutrients published new progress about Agave. 64519-82-0 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (3R,4R,5R)-6-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)hexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentaol, and the molecular formula is C12H24O11, Recommanded Product: (3R,4R,5R)-6-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)hexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentaol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Cisak, Ewa published the artcileRepellents and acaricides as personal protection measures in the prevention of tick-borne diseases, Computed Properties of 42822-86-6, the main research area is review repellent acaricide tick borne disease prevention.

A number of preventive measures for the protection of humans against tick-borne diseases were evaluated. Measures involving the avoidance of tick bites with the use of protective clothing and insect repellents are the simplest and most effective. Repellents are applied directly to the skin or clothing and other fabrics, such as bednets, tents and anti-mosquito screens. Currently, DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide) is considered the most efficient arthropod repellent reference substance. The registered and recommended active repellent ingredients for skin and/or cloths application, among others, are: DEET, 1-methyl-propyl-2- (hydroxyethyl)-1-piperidinecarboxylate (picaridin), p-menthane-3,8-diol (PMD), Et butylactyloaminopropionate (IR3535), 1S,2S-2-methylpiperidinyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxamide (SS220), racemic 2-methylpiperidinyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxamide (AI3-37220) and synthetic pyrethroid – 3-phenoxybenzyl-cis-trans-3(2,2 dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropancarboxylate (permethrin) – an acaricide with repellent properties. To achieve the protection from tick bites by avoiding attachment and/or engorgement by the arthropod, acaricides with repellent properties, such as synthetic pyrethroid-permethrin are used. This pyrethroid is an acaricide of choice used for clothing impregnation, which is effective for personal protection against all three parasitic stages of western black-legged ticks. Products based on natural compounds, e.g. eugenol from Ocimum basilicum, 2-undecanone originally derived from wild tomato, geraniol – a natural product extracted from plants, and many others, represent an interesting alternative to common synthetic repellents and/or acaricides.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine published new progress about Acari. 42822-86-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 2-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-5-methylcyclohexanol, and the molecular formula is C10H20O2, Computed Properties of 42822-86-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Wu, Jianjun published the artcileIsolation and structural characterization of a non-competitive α-glucosidase inhibitory polysaccharide from the seeds of Litchi chinensis Sonn, Application of (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, the main research area is Litchi Saccharomyces seed alpha glucosidase polysaccharide; Litchi chinensis Sonn seeds; Polysaccharide; α-Glucosidase inhibitor.

In this study, a novel homogeneous polysaccharide (LSP-W-4, MW = 6.70 kDa) was isolated and purified from the seeds of Litchi chinensis Sonn. Monosaccharide composition anal. indicated that LSP-W-4 is a heteropolysaccharide consisting of arabinose, mannose, glucose and galactose in a molar ratio of 6.33:3.88:10.35:1.00. A detailed structural anal. revealed that LSP-W-4 has a backbone consisting of 1,4-α-Glcp and 1,4-β-Manp, as well as four branched chains including of T-α-Galp, T-α-Araf, α-Araf-(1 → 5)-α-Araf-(1 → and α-Araf-(1 → 5)-α-Araf-(1 → 5)-α-Araf-(1 → attached to O6 of 1,4-β-Manp and 1,4-α-Glcp. LSP-W-4 exhibited significant inhibitory activity both against yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and mammalian (rat-intestinal acetone powder) α-glucosidase, with IC50 values of 75.24μM and 66.97μM, resp., with both such inhibitory activities being more powerful than those of acarbose. A kinetic anal. revealed that LSP-W-4 inhibited the activities of both yeast and mammalian α-glucosidase in a typical non-competitive manner, with KM values of 0.43 mmol/L and 0.53 mmol/L, resp.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules published new progress about Litchi. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Application of (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Tang, Zhong-Sheng published the artcileCharacterization of aroma profile and characteristic aromas during lychee wine fermentation, SDS of cas: 505-10-2, the main research area is lychee wine fermentation citronellol methionol rose oxide aroma.

Characteristic aroma substances of cis-rose oxide imparts the odorant of “”lychee-like,”” while of citronellol is the precursor of it in lychee. The characterization of volatiles of lychee wine fermentation using headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry combined with headspace gas chromatog.-ion mobility spectrometry were done to regulate processing. Results indicated that the total of 97 volatiles (38 in common) were observed during fermentation, including 39 terpenoids, 5 alcs., 22 esters, 4 acids, 7 alkenes, 4 ketones and ethers, 3 sulfur compounds and others. Losses of characteristic aromas mainly occurred during primary fermentation more than threefold decrease. The volatility of cis-rose oxide was stronger than citronellol, which implied that more gentle processing should be performed to protect lychee flavor. Cis-rose oxide was a mixture of monomer and dimer with unequal proportion, while citronellol was a monomer in lychee. The work provides important new information on aroma development during fermentation Practical applications : Fruit consumption, among which tropical fruit-based products have gained huge popularity in the recent years. The main high value-added processed products of lychee pulp are lychee wine and vinegar; however, the typical aroma always decreased or disappeared during fermentation Therefore, this study aims at providing more information for product improvement and process development.

Journal of Food Processing and Preservation published new progress about Litchi. 505-10-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 3-(Methylthio)propan-1-ol, and the molecular formula is C4H10OS, SDS of cas: 505-10-2.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Quan, Wenxuan published the artcileDynamics of volatile organic compounds in Masson pine (Pynus massonyana Lamb.) seedling needles under drought stress, Recommanded Product: rel-(1R,2R,4R)-1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol, the main research area is Pinus drought stress volatile organic compound seedling.

The aim of this study is to evaluate whether volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of Masson pine adapted their physiol. responses under drought stress or not. The needle length, root length, root/shoot ratio and the VOCs of Masson pine seedlings under drought stress were investigated by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatog. time of flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC-TOFMS). The results showed that the growth index was enhanced with the increase of stress strength, and the seedling growth, biomass, needle length, and root length were inhibited compared with the well-watered treatment. The amounts of total VOCs under drought stress were increased, the concentration of terpenoids, acids and esters, under drought stress were higher than the well-watered treatment, but the concentration of alcs. and carbonyl compounds was slightly decreased under the moderate drought treatment. Light drought, moderate drought, and severe drought compared with the well-watered treatment, increased the release of VOCs by 49, 50, and 49%, resp. The results show a key role of the VOCs released in the needles and therefore play a possible key role in drought resistance. This study provides evidence that the needles of Masson pine release more VOCs to adapt to drought conditions.

Pakistan Journal of Botany published new progress about Growth. 124-76-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is rel-(1R,2R,4R)-1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol, and the molecular formula is C10H18O, Recommanded Product: rel-(1R,2R,4R)-1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Gallego-Tevar, Blanca published the artcileChanges to the functional traits of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase following hybridization in C-4 halophytes, Name: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is Spartina halophyte phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase hybridization C4 pathway.

Hybridization is a relevant evolutionary mechanism linked to the invasiveness of plant species, but little is known about its effect on enzymic activities in response to stress. We analyzed the effects of salinity on key mechanistic traits of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) enzyme for two hybrid taxa derived from native Spartina maritima (Curtis) Fernald and invasive Spartina densiflora Brongn. in comparison with their parental species. Parental species showed contrasted strategies at the PEPC level to cope with salinity. Spartina maritima showed its physiol. optimum at 10 to 40 ppt salinity, with high PEPC activity (per unit leaf soluble protein), in contrast to the lower salinity optimum of 0.5 and 10 ppt for S. densiflora, where highest levels of PEPC apparent specific activity coincided with high light-induced activation of PEPC. Both hybrids showed constant PEPC apparent specific activity from fresh water to hypersalinity and exhibited higher net photosynthesis rates in fresh water than their parents. Spartina maritima × densiflora presented three transgressive PEPC-related traits, being the only taxon able to increase its PEPC activation in darkness at high salinity. Spartina densiflora × maritima showed most PEPC-related traits intermediate between its parents. Inheritance types operating differently in reciprocal hybrids determine key functional traits conditioning their ecol. performance.

Physiologia Plantarum published new progress about Growth. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Name: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Sieiro-Sampedro, Thais published the artcileImpact of mepanipyrim and tetraconazole in Menciá wines on the biosynthesis of volatile compounds during the winemaking process, Computed Properties of 505-10-2, the main research area is mepanipyrim tetraconazole wine volatile flavor; Aroma profile; Fungicide; Mepanipyrim; Red wine; Tetraconazole; Yeasts.

The impact of fungicides mepanipyrim (Mep) and tetraconazole (Tetra) and their corresponding com. formulations (Mep-Form and Tetra-Form) on the aroma composition of wines was assessed. Fungicide residues can affect the biotransformation of aroma precursors from grapes and/or the yeast metabolism The results confirmed that both maximum residue levels (MRL and 2xMRL) of Mep promoted benzyl alc. and 4-vinylguaiacol contents; while MRL and 2xMRL of Mep-Form promoted benzene derivatives (benzyl alc., benzaldehyde, and trans-isoeugenol), 2-phenylethanol and γ-nonalactone. The addition of Tetra (2xMRL) and Tetra-Form (MRL and 2xMRL) release higher contents of cis-3-hexen-1-ol and Et vanillate and affected yeast metabolism related to phenylacetaldehyde, 2-phenylethanol, methionol, capric acid, Et 2-methylbutyrate, Et isovalerate, Et monosuccinate, di-Et succinate and γ-butyrolactone production Fungicide residues did not display higher variations in global odor activity values with respect to control wines, although some variations on the “”floral””, “”fruity””, “”spicy”” and “”lactic”” nuances could be sensed.

Food Chemistry published new progress about Flavor. 505-10-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 3-(Methylthio)propan-1-ol, and the molecular formula is C4H10OS, Computed Properties of 505-10-2.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Li, Mengqi published the artcileDevelopment of a flavor fingerprint by HS-GC-IMS with PCA for volatile compounds of Tricholoma matsutake Singer, Recommanded Product: n-Octanol, the main research area is Tricholoma flavor; Characteristic volatiles fingerprinting; Headspace-gas chromatography–ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC–IMS); Principal component analysis (PCA); Tricholoma matsutake Singer; Volatile compounds.

The flavor fingerprint of Tricholoma matsutake Singer was developed and volatile compounds were investigated by HS-GC-IMS fingerprinting combining with PCA. A total of 25 typical target compounds were identified. The differences of flavor compounds in pileus and stipe of Tricholoma matsutake Singer from different areas were observed After drying, the concentration of C8 compounds, including 3-octanone, 3-octanol, 1-octen-3-one and 1-octanol, decreased, while the concentration of methanol and 1-pentanol increased. Subsequently, PCA was performed based on the signal intensity of the identified violate compounds, and the results clearly showed that the samples in a relatively independent space would be well distinguished. Combining the signal intensity of the identified violate compounds by HS-GC-IMS and PCA, the samples from different portions of Tricholoma matsutake Singer and different areas were distinguished. The results showed that the flavor fingerprint of Tricholoma matsutake Singer were established by HS-GC-IMS and PCA based on the identified volatile compounds

Food Chemistry published new progress about Flavor. 111-87-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is n-Octanol, and the molecular formula is C8H18O, Recommanded Product: n-Octanol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts