Author: tianli

Zhang, Guo-Fang published the artcileReductive TCA cycle metabolism fuels glutamine- and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, Product Details of C4H6O5, the main research area is TCA cycle metabolism fuel glucose insulin secretion; NADPH; anaplerosis; insulin secretion; isocitrate dehydrogenase-2; metabolic flux; pancreatic islet β cells; reductive TCA cycle; stable isotopes.

Metabolic fuels regulate insulin secretion by generating second messengers that drive insulin granule exocytosis, but the biochem. pathways involved are incompletely understood. Here we demonstrate that stimulation of rat insulinoma cells or primary rat islets with glucose or glutamine + 2-aminobicyclo-(2,2,1)-heptane-2-carboxylic acid (Gln + BCH) induces reductive, “”counter-clockwise”” tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle flux of glutamine to citrate. Mol. or pharmacol. suppression of isocitrate dehydrogenase-2 (IDH2), which catalyzes reductive carboxylation of 2-ketoglutarate to isocitrate, results in impairment of glucose- and Gln + BCH-stimulated reductive TCA cycle flux, lowering of NADPH levels, and inhibition of insulin secretion. Pharmacol. suppression of IDH2 also inhibits insulin secretion in living mice. Reductive TCA cycle flux has been proposed as a mechanism for generation of biomass in cancer cells. Here we demonstrate that reductive TCA cycle flux also produces stimulus-secretion coupling factors that regulate insulin secretion, including in non-dividing cells.

Cell Metabolism published new progress about Blood. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Product Details of C4H6O5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Perichet, Christine published the artcileStudy of some Zanthoxylum species by chemical and DNA analysis approaches, Name: 2-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-5-methylcyclohexanol, the main research area is Zanthoxylum species difference chem DNA analysis; Fagara ; Zanthoxylum ; DNA recognition; authentication; fragrances.

The authentication and traceability of spices is a major concern for industrials and consumers. We focused on species from Zanthoxylum genera which are used for many different applications by local populations and also for trading as spices (dried pericarps or whole fruits). In this case, literature gives contradictory data about botanical names, and com. labeling is often confusing. We studied com. fruits pericarps extracts obtained by supercritical CO2 and analyzed them by GC/MS. The very complex volatile and semi volatile fractions composition of each extract is described. The barcoding method including mol. biol. and phylogenetic analyses was also developed in order to check the com. botanical identification of the raw material. This is a robust method to identify species in berries samples. We used one genetic marker to identify two Rutaceae clusters, including several species of Zanthoxylum genus. These results indicate that Fagara and Zanthoxylum groups could be considered as two different genera. Combination of chem. anal. and DNA anal. provides an original approach to increase chem. and botanical Zanthoxylum genus knowledge.

Chemistry & Biodiversity published new progress about Berry. 42822-86-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 2-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-5-methylcyclohexanol, and the molecular formula is C10H20O2, Name: 2-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-5-methylcyclohexanol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Jing, Shan published the artcileHigher growth of the apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) fruit cortex is supported by resource intensive metabolism during early development, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is Malus fruit development cortex growth metabolism; Carbon metabolism; Cell production; Fruit growth and development; Fruit load reduction; Metabolic profiling; Nitrogen metabolism; Sink activity.

Abstract: Background: The major fleshy tissues of the apple fruit are spatially separable into cortex and pith. These tissues display differential growth during development. We hypothesized that differential growth between these fruit tissues is supported by differential sink metabolic programs, particularly during early development. Growth, metabolite concentrations, and transcript abundance of metabolism-related genes were measured to determine characteristics of differential growth and their underlying metabolic programs. Results: The cortex displayed > 5-fold higher growth than the pith during early fruit development, indicating that differential growth was established during this period. Further, when resource availability was increased through sink-removal, cortex growth was preferentially enhanced. Higher cortex growth during early development was facilitated by increased catabolism of imported carbon (C) resources, sorbitol and sucrose, and the nitrogen (N) resource, asparagine. It was also associated with enhanced primary C metabolism, and C storage as malate and quinate. The pith metabolic program during this period involved limited allocation of C and N to growth, but greater allocation to storage, and enhanced sucrose-sucrose cycling. Conclusions: Together, these data indicate that the fruit cortex tissue displays a resource intensive metabolic program during early fruit development.

BMC Plant Biology published new progress about Apple. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Goni, Miguel A. published the artcileCutin-derived cupric oxide reaction products from purified cuticles and tree leaves, HPLC of Formula: 13099-34-8, the main research area is cutin copper oxide oxidation fatty acid; cuticle leaf oxidation fatty acid.

Long-chain (C16-C18) hydroxy fatty acids are obtained among the nonlignin-derived reaction products from the CuO oxidation of a variety of geochem. samples. To investigate the origin of these acids, the CuO reaction products of isolated cuticles and whole leaves were investigated. The reaction products from the CuO oxidation of purified apple (Malus pumila) cuticle include 16-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid, 10,16-dihydroxyhexadecanoic acid, 9,10,18-trihydroxyoctadec-12-enoic acid, and 9,10,18-trihydroxyoctadecanoic acid as major components. The distribution of these cutin-derived CuO reaction products is similar to the monomer compositions deduced from traditional methods of cutin anal. Oxidation of whole English Holly (Ilex aquifolium) leaves yields cutin-derived acidic reaction products (in addition to lignin-derived phenols) similar to those obtained from oxidation of the corresponding isolated cuticles, indicating that CuO oxidation of bulk plant tissue is a viable procedure of cutin anal. in geochem. applications.

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta published new progress about Apple. 13099-34-8 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 17-Hydroxyheptadecanoic acid, and the molecular formula is C17H34O3, HPLC of Formula: 13099-34-8.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Jia, Dongjie published the artcileGenetic variation in the promoter of an R2R3-MYB transcription factor determines fruit malate content in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.), Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is gene expression Malus breeding genetic variation R2R3MYB malate.

Deciphering the mechanism of malate accumulation in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) fruits can help to improve their flavor quality and enhance their benefits for human health. Here, we analyzed malate content as a quant. trait that is determined mainly by genetic effects. In a previous study, we identified an R2R3-MYB transcription factor named MdMYB44 that was a candidate gene in qtl08.1 (quant. trait locus mapped to chromosome 8) of fruit malate content. In the present study, we established that MdMYB44 neg. regulates fruit malate accumulation by repressing the promoter activity of the malate-associated genes Ma1 (Al-Activated Malate Transporter 9), Ma10 (P-type ATPase 10), MdVHA-A3 (V-type ATPase A3), and MdVHA-D2 (V-type ATPase D2). Two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the MdMYB44 promoter, SNP A/G and SNP T/-, were exptl. shown to associate with fruit malate content. The TATA-box in the MdMYB44 promoter in the presence of SNP A enhances the basal activity of the MdMYB44 promoter. The binding of a basic-helix-loop-helix transcription factor MdbHLH49 to the MdMYB44 promoter was enhanced by the presence of SNP T, leading to increased MdMYB44 transcript levels and reduced malate accumulation. Furthermore, MdbHLH49 interacts with MdMYB44 and enhances MdMYB44 activity. The two SNPs could be used in combination to select for sour or non-sour apples, providing a valuable tool for the selection of fruit acidity by the apple breeding industry. This research is important for understanding the complex mol. mechanisms of fruit malate accumulation and accelerating the development of germplasm innovation in apple species and cultivars.

Plant Physiology published new progress about Apple. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Chitarrini, Giulia published the artcileAroma investigation of new and standard apple varieties grown at two altitudes using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with sensory analysis, COA of Formula: C8H18O, the main research area is apple grown aroma gas chromatog mass spectrometry; HS-SPME-GC-MS; Malus domestica; flavor; sensory analysis.

The aromatic profile of apples constitutes important information for the characterization and description of local products. Apple flavor is determined by perception in mouth and aroma; while the first is mainly defined by sugars and organic acids, aroma is a complex mixture of many volatile organic compounds (VOCs) whose composition is often specific to the variety. Headspace-solid phase microextraction gas chromatog. coupled with mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) allows for the detection of detailed information of volatile constituents. In this study, eleven apple varieties (Braeburn, Fuji, Gala, Golden Delicious, Coop 39-Crimson Crisp, Dalinette-Choupette, Fujion, CIV323-Isaaq, Coop43-Juliet, SQ159-Natyra, UEB32642-Opal) grown in two pedoclimatic locations at different altitudes in South Tyrol (Italy) (ca. 225 m and ca. 650 m a.s.l.) were investigated. Thirty-eight VOCs were identified and combined with sensory anal. results (from 11 trained panelist) to characterize the aroma of new and standard apple varieties with a special focus on pedoclimatic location differences. The study shows strong diversification of the varieties based on their VOC profiles and sensory attributes, as expected. Moreover, investigating how the pedoclimatic location at different altitudes can influence the apple aroma profile, we identified twelve VOCs involved in these differences and provided a deeper investigation on how different altitudes can influence the apple aroma composition and perceptions combining the anal. and sensory parameters.

Molecules published new progress about Apple. 111-87-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is n-Octanol, and the molecular formula is C8H18O, COA of Formula: C8H18O.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Zhou, Mo published the artcileImpact of pectin characteristics on lipid digestion under simulated gastrointestinal conditions: Comparison of water-soluble pectins extracted from different sources, HPLC of Formula: 59-23-4, the main research area is lipid digestion gastrointestinal water soluble pectin.

Four kinds of water-soluble pectin (WSP) extracted from hawthorn (HWSP), apple (AWSP), peach (PWSP), and carrot (CWSP) were mixed with oil-in-water emulsion to investigate pectin characteristics on lipid digestion under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. All WSPs were comprehensively characterized by the degree of methoxylation, neutral sugar composition, mol. weight and conformational parameters, intrinsic viscosity, the degree of linearity and branching, as well as mol. morphol. observation by at. force microscopy. The results demonstrated these WSPs possessed different structural characteristics. The mols. of HWSP were of small size with extended short and linear main chain, forming a certain amount of aggregations in the solution, while the mols. of PWSP were of large size with long and branched chains, forming intensive network structure. The mol. chains of AWSP and CWSP were both of medium size and tended to be flexible random coils in solution forming extensive entangled structures. The apparent viscosity of HWSP and PWSP solutions were both higher than those of AWSP and CWSP due to the aggregations or network structure. And the solution of PWSP showed better anti-shear ability than that of HWSP due to the strong crosslinking between mol. chains. The inhibitory effect of WSPs on lipid digestion decreased with the following order: PWSP, HWSP, CWSP, AWSP, which can be well related with their rheol. property. The pectin with large mol. weight and highly branched chains that resulted in strong intermol. interaction will possess good inhibitory effect on lipid digestion.

Food Hydrocolloids published new progress about Apple. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, HPLC of Formula: 59-23-4.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Cichowska, Joanna published the artcileEfficiency of osmotic dehydration of apples in polyols solutions, Computed Properties of 64519-82-0, the main research area is apple polyol solution osmotic dehydration; apple; osmotic dehydration; polyols; solid gain; water loss.

The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of selected compounds from the polyol group, as well as other saccharides, on the osmotic dehydration process of apples. The following alternative solutions were examined: erythritol, xylitol, maltitol, inulin and oligofructose. Efficiency of the osmotic dehydration process was evaluated based on the kinetics of the process, and through comparison of the results obtained during the application of a sucrose solution This innovative research utilizes alternative solutions in osmotic pretreatment, which until now, have not been commonly used in fruit processing by researchers worldwide. Results indicate that erythritol and xylitol show stronger or similar efficiency to sucrose; however, the use of inulin, as well as oligofructose, was not satisfactory due to the insufficient, small osmotic driving forces of the process, and the low values of mass transfer parameters.

Molecules published new progress about Apple. 64519-82-0 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (3R,4R,5R)-6-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)hexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentaol, and the molecular formula is C12H24O11, Computed Properties of 64519-82-0.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Perestrelo, Rosa published the artcileDifferentiation of fresh and processed fruit juices using volatile composition, Recommanded Product: rel-(1R,2R,4R)-1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol, the main research area is Vitis Fragaria fresh processed fruit juice volatile composition; GC-MS; HS-SPME; fresh juice; processed juice; volatile pattern.

In the current study, a comprehensive approach based on headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME), combined with gas chromatog.-quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-qMS), was used to establish the volatile signature of fresh and processed fruit juices, obtained from the same batch of grapes, red fruits, orange, pear, and apple. This is a powerful tool for evaluating the impact of the production process on the volat. pattern of fruit juice. A total of 169 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) belonging to different chem. groups were identified. Esters, carbonyl compounds, terpenoids, and alcs. are the major chem. groups in the investigated fruit juices. However, their contribution to the total volatile profile varied. Special attention should be paid to processed fruit juices to avoid the possible deleterious effects associated with the formation of furanic compounds (e.g., heat treatment), since their furanic content was significantly higher in comparison to that of fresh fruit juices. The knowledge obtained in the current study will allow for the introduction of modifications to the process involved in processing juice, which will improve the organoleptic characteristics of processed juices, contributing to a better acceptance by consumers. Furthermore, more assays should be performed to assess the effect of harvests, geog., and agronomy on the volatile profile of juices.

Molecules published new progress about Apple. 124-76-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is rel-(1R,2R,4R)-1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol, and the molecular formula is C10H18O, Recommanded Product: rel-(1R,2R,4R)-1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Yu, Jian-Qiang published the artcileThe apple bHLH transcription factor MdbHLH3 functions in determining the fruit carbohydrates and malate, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is Malus fruit bHLH HLH3 transcription factor carbohydrate malate; apple; bHLH; carbohydrates; fruit quality; malate accumulation; photosynthesis.

Summary : Changes in carbohydrates and organic acids largely determine the palatability of edible tissues of horticulture crops. Elucidating the potential mol. mechanisms involved in the change in carbohydrates and organic acids, and their temporal and spatial crosstalk are key steps in understanding fruit developmental processes. Here, we used apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) as research materials and found that MdbHLH3, a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor (bHLH TF), modulates the accumulation of malate and carbohydrates. Biochem. analyses demonstrated that MdbHLH3 directly binds to the promoter of MdcyMDH that encodes an apple cytosolic NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase, activating its transcriptional expression, thereby promoting malate accumulation in apple fruits. Addnl., MdbHLH3 overexpression increased the photosynthetic capacity and carbohydrate levels in apple leaves and also enhanced the carbohydrate accumulation in fruits by adjusting carbohydrate allocation from sources to sinks. Overall, our findings provide new insights into the mechanism of how the bHLH TF MdbHLH3 modulates the fruit quality. It directly regulates the expression of cytosolic malate dehydrogenase MdcyMDH to coordinate carbohydrate allocation and malate accumulation in apple.

Plant Biotechnology Journal published new progress about Apple. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts