Author: tianli

Fernandez-Real, Jose-Manuel published the artcileSalicylates increase insulin secretion in healthy obese subjects, HPLC of Formula: 328-90-5, the publication is Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism (2008), 93(7), 2523-2530, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Context: Conflicting results on the effects of salicylates on glucose tolerance in subjects with normal glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes have been reported. Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of a salicylate derivative (triflusal) on insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion. Design, Setting, and Participants: This was a double-blind, randomized, crossover study with three treatment periods corresponding to two dose levels of triflusal and placebo in healthy obese subjects. Main Outcome Measures: Insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion, evaluated through frequently sampled iv glucose tolerance test that was performed after each treatment period, were measured. Insulin secretion was also evaluated in vitro in mice and human islets of Langerhans. Results: The administration of triflusal led to decreased fasting serum glucose concentration in the study subjects. Insulin sensitivity did not significantly change after each treatment period. Insulin secretion, however, significantly increased in a dose-dependent fashion after each triflusal treatment period. The administration of 800 μM of the main triflusal metabolite to whole mice islets of Langerhans led to a sustained increase in intracellular calcium concentration level. This was followed by a significantly increase in insulin secretion. In human islets, 200 μM of 2-hydroxy-4-trifluoromethylbenzoic acid was sufficient to increase insulin release. Conclusions: The administration of a salicylate compound led to lowering of serum glucose concentration We suggest that this effect was mediated through increased insulin secretion induced by salicylate directly on the β-cell.

Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism published new progress about 328-90-5. 328-90-5 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Trifluoromethyl,Fluoride,Carboxylic acid,Benzene,Phenol, name is 2-Hydroxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid, and the molecular formula is C8H5F3O3, HPLC of Formula: 328-90-5.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Vaccher, Vincent published the artcileEuropean interlaboratory comparison investigations (ICI) and external quality assurance schemes (EQUAS) for the analysis of bisphenol A, S and F in human urine: Results from the HBM4EU project, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks, the publication is Environmental Research (2022), 112933, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The Human Biomonitoring for Europe initiative (HBM4EU) aims to study the exposure of citizens to chems. and potentially associated health effects. One objective of this project has been to build a network of laboratories able to answer to the requirements of European human biomonitoring studies. Within the HBM4EU quality assurance and quality control scheme (QA/QC), a number of interlaboratory comparison investigations (ICIs) and external quality assurance schemes (EQUASs) were organized to ensure data consistency, comparability and reliability. Bisphenols are among the prioritized substance groups in HBM4EU, including bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol F (BPF) in human urine. In four rounds of ICI/EQUAS, two target concentration levels were considered, related to around P25 and P95 of the typical exposure distribution observed in the European general population. Special attention was paid to the conjugated phase II metabolites known to be most dominant in samples of environmentally exposed individuals, through the anal. of both native samples and samples fortified with glucuronide forms. For the low level, the average percentage of satisfactory results across the four rounds was 83% for BPA, 71% for BPS and 62% for BPF. For the high level, the percentages of satisfactory results increased to 93% for BPA, 89% for BPS and 86% for BPF. 24 out of 32 participating laboratories (75%) were approved for the analyses of BPA in the HBM4EU project according to the defined criterion of Z-scores for both low and high concentration levels in at least two ICI/EQUAS rounds. For BPS and BPF, the number of qualified laboratories was 18 out of 27 (67%) and 13 out of 28 (46%), resp. These results demonstrate a strong anal. capability for BPA and BPS in Europe, while improvements may be needed for BPF.

Environmental Research published new progress about 80-09-1. 80-09-1 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Ploymers, name is 4,4′-Sulfonyldiphenol, and the molecular formula is C28H52N2O2S2Sn2, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Llorente, Briardo published the artcileDownregulation of polyphenol oxidase in potato tubers redirects phenylpropanoid metabolism enhancing chlorogenate content and late blight resistance, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks, the publication is Molecular Breeding (2014), 34(4), 2049-2063, database is CAplus.

Land plants synthesize phenolic compounds involved in plant defense against invading pathogens through the phenylpropanoid pathway. Although not considered as part of the phenylpropanoid pathway, plant polyphenol oxidases (PPOs) are enzymes that catalyze cresolase and catecholase reactions on several phenolic compounds Here, transgenic potato (Solanum tuberosum) tubers with downregulated PPO genes (-PPO) were challenged with the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans to investigate the interactions between PPO, phenylpropanoid metabolism, and disease resistance. We found that pathogen invasiveness was reduced in -PPO lines, while microscopic evidences suggested that the mechanism underlying the defense response involved the participation of phenolic compounds Detailed metabolite-profiling analyses demonstrated that the concentration of metabolites related to the phenylpropanoid pathway and chlorogenate in particular was largely altered in PPO-downregulated tubers. Silencing of PPO caused a shift in metabolism from phenylpropanoid precursors to downstream phenylpropanoid products. The presented results suggest that downregulation of PPO redirects the phenylpropanoid metabolism leading to the accumulation of defensive phenolic compounds in the plant cells, consequently enhancing resistance to the pathogen. These results emphasize the importance of components acting in parallel to canonical metabolic pathway constituents in influencing plant metabolism and reveal new scenarios for modulating the levels of phenolics in crops.

Molecular Breeding published new progress about 526-98-7. 526-98-7 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Sugar Units,Other Sugar Units, name is (3S,4R,5S)-3,4,5,6-Tetrahydroxy-2-oxohexanoic acid, and the molecular formula is C6H10O7, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Blundell, Toby J. published the artcileEnantiopure and racemic radical-cation salts of B(mandelate)₂^– and B(2-chloromandelate)₂^– anions with BEDT-TTF, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks, the publication is Dalton Transactions (2022), 51(12), 4843-4852, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Authors report the first examples of radical-cation salts of BEDT-TTF with spiroborate anions [B(mandelate)₂]^– and [B(2-chloromandelate)₂]^–, synthesized from either enantiopure or racemic bidentate mandelate or chloromandelate ligands. In the salts prepared using enantiopure ligands only one of two diastereoisomers of the spiroborate anion is incorporated, with the boron center having the same stereochem. as the enantiopure ligand. For the racemic salts one racemic pair of spiroborate anions containing an R and an S mandelate ligand is incorporated. In certain solvents helical crystals were obtained when using spiroborate anions with enantiopure ligands. Elec. and magnetic properties, and band structure calculations are reported.

Dalton Transactions published new progress about 90-64-2. 90-64-2 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Carboxylic acid,Benzene,Alcohol,Natural product, name is 2-Hydroxy-2-phenylacetic acid, and the molecular formula is C8H8O3, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Ubale, Akash S. published the artcileTransition-Metal-Free Alkylative Aromatization of Tetralones using Alcohols/Amino Alcohols Toward the Synthesis of Bioactive Naphthol and Benzo[e/g]indole Derivatives, Name: 2-Aminobutan-1-ol, the publication is Journal of Organic Chemistry (2022), 87(12), 8104-8117, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Herein, the synthesis of bioactive naphthols I (R¹ = H, 6-Br, 6-MeO, 7-MeO; R² = Ph, 3-MeC₆H₄, 2-thienyl, etc.) and II or benzindoles III (R³ = Me, Et, PhCH₂, etc.) and IV by alkylative aromatization of the corresponding 1- and 2-tetralones with alcs. R²CH₂OH or amino alcs. H₂NCHR³CH₂OH in the presence of NaOH using aerobic oxidative cross-coupling protocol is reported. This is a general and transition-metal-free method, which uses an inexpensive base, does not require inert conditions, and furnishes water and hydrogen peroxide as byproducts. Moreover, this method is compatible with a wide substrate scope and showed exclusive regioselectivity.

Journal of Organic Chemistry published new progress about 96-20-8. 96-20-8 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Amine,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Alcohol, name is 2-Aminobutan-1-ol, and the molecular formula is C10H15NO, Name: 2-Aminobutan-1-ol.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Nikolic, Vladimir published the artcileBiodegradation of copolymer obtained by grafting reaction between methacrylic acid and starch, Synthetic Route of 622-40-2, the publication is Polymer Bulletin (Heidelberg, Germany) (2019), 76(5), 2197-2213, database is CAplus.

Biodegradation of methacrylic acid and starch graft copolymers was investigated for the first time in this manuscript. Synthesized copolymer was characterized by ¹H NMR spectroscopy (NMR), Fourier transformed IR spectroscopy (FTIR), SEM (SEM) and elemental anal. Copolymers with different percentage of grafting, G (%), were buried in three different types of soil. Biodegradation was monitored by measuring mass loss of the samples and using FTIR and SEM. The highest weight loss was in soil for the orchid growth (all samples had biodegradation higher than 89%), followed by soil for the cactus growth (mass loss higher than 70%) and soil rich in humus where some of the samples had biodegradation rate near or less than 50%. The correlation between G (%) and percent of weight loss after biodegradation was not significant in any types of soil. FTIR and SEM showed that after biodegradation, samples still contained both building components. Respiration test showed higher O₂ consumption and CO₂ production comparing to polystyrene which confirmed biodegradability of the accessible starch in copolymer. Based on the obtained results, degradation mechanism is proposed. First step is biodegradation of easily accessible starch followed by dissolution of the poly(methacrylic acid). This mechanism confirmed that biodegradation depends not only on the percentage of grafting, but also on mol. packaging, chains arrangement and the number and types of microorganisms present in the specific types of soils.

Polymer Bulletin (Heidelberg, Germany) published new progress about 622-40-2. 622-40-2 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Morpholine,Alcohol, name is 2-Morpholinoethanol, and the molecular formula is C6H13NO2, Synthetic Route of 622-40-2.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Xu, Chunfa published the artcileA Multistage Halogen Bond Catalyzed Strain-Release Glycosylation Unravels New Hedgehog Signaling Inhibitors, COA of Formula: C12H20O6, the publication is Journal of the American Chemical Society (2019), 141(13), 5381-5391, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Halogen bonding (XB) has recently emerged as a promising noncovalent activation mode that can be employed in catalysis. However, methodologies utilizing XB remain rare, and the hydrogen-bonding (HB) catalysis congeners are more widespread in comparison. Herein, we demonstrate a remarkable case whereby employment of XB catalysis in strain-release glycosylation generates O,N-glycosides in excellent anomeric selectivity exceeding HB activation. Deeper investigation unraveled XB catalyst dependencies on multiple stages of the mechanism and a hitherto unknown XB-glycosyl acceptor activation. We present a proof of concept to interrogate sp³-rich glycosidic chem. space for novel biol. activity, by integrating XB-catalyzed construction of a glycosidic compound collection, and evaluating these analogs via cell-based phenotypic screens. We show that XB-catalyzed strain-release glycosylation defines a new class of glycosides that inhibit the hedgehog signaling pathway through a nonsmoothened mode of action, opening new opportunities to combat acquired cancer resistance.

Journal of the American Chemical Society published new progress about 20880-92-6. 20880-92-6 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Other Aliphatic Heterocyclic,Chiral,Alcohol, name is ((3aS,5aR,8aR,8bS)-2,2,7,7-Tetramethyltetrahydro-3aH-bis([1,3]dioxolo)[4,5-b:4′,5′-d]pyran-3a-yl)methanol, and the molecular formula is C4H5NS2, COA of Formula: C12H20O6.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Xu, Katherine J. published the artcileBisphenol S induces Agrp expression through GPER1 activation and alters transcription factor expression in immortalized hypothalamic neurons: A mechanism distinct from BPA-induced upregulation, HPLC of Formula: 80-09-1, the publication is Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology (2022), 111630, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The increasing prevalence of obesity around the world has brought concern upon ubiquitously present obesogenic environmental compounds, such as bisphenol A (BPA). Increasingly tightened regulations on the industrial use of BPA have prompted a transition to a structurally similar alternative, bisphenol S (BPS). BPS displays endocrine-disrupting behaviors similar to those of BPA and increases body weight, food intake and the hypothalamic expression of Agrp in vivo. However, the mechanisms behind this deleterious effect are unclear. Here, we report an increase in the mRNA level of Agrp at 4 h following BPS treatment in immortalized murine hypothalamic cell lines of embryonic and adult origin (mHypoE-41, mHypoA-59). BPS-induced changes in the expression of transcription factors and estrogen receptors that occurred concurrently with Agrp upregulation demonstrated similarities to BPA-induced changes, however, there were also changes that were unique to BPS. Specifically, while Chop, Atf3, Atf4, Atf6, Klf4, and Creb1 were upregulated and Gper1 was downregulated by both BPA and BPS, Esr1 mRNA levels were upregulated and Foxo1 and Stat3 levels remained unchanged by BPS. Finally, inhibition of GPER1 by G15 prevented BPS-mediated Agrp upregulation, independent of Atf3 and Klf4 upregulation. Overall, our results demonstrate the ability of BPS to increase Agrp mRNA expression through GPER1 signaling and to alter transcription factor expression in hypothalamic neurons, further elucidating the endocrine-disrupting potential of this alternative industrial chem.

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology published new progress about 80-09-1. 80-09-1 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Ploymers, name is 4,4′-Sulfonyldiphenol, and the molecular formula is C8H6ClF3, HPLC of Formula: 80-09-1.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Fischer, F. published the artcilePreparation and properties of mono- and dipinaconeboric acid, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks, the publication is Zeitschrift fuer Chemie (1964), 4(8), 301-2, database is CAplus.

By repeating the preparation of monopinaconeboric acid (I) by Hermans (CA 19, 1386), I, m. 68-72°, was obtained only occasionally; most of the time a mixture, m. 60-180°, was formed which, recrystallized several times from petr. ether, gave dipinaconeboric acid (II), m. 218-25°. Some of the tautomeric forms are shown. Pinacone-6H₂O (III) and 1.6-2 equivalents B(OH)₃ (IV) as concentrated aqueous solutions mixed and evaporated in vacuo over concentrated H₂SO₄, and the residue extracted 8 hrs. with petr. ether gave I, readily soluble in H₂O and most organic solvents. Similar runs with IV and 2.5 equivalents III yielded II, b. 280°, m. 219-21° (Bu₂O), sparingly soluble in H₂O and most organic solvents. II becomes moist and deliquesces on proplonged standing in air. II dissolved in H₂O at room temperature within a few days (in 0.5 hr. at 100°) with decomposition to I, III, and IV. The infrared spectrum of I in CHCl₃ indicates that it is in equilibrium with a dimer; the equilibrium is shifted towards the dimer with increasing concentration The infrared spectrum of II indicates the formation of an acid complex at concentrations above 0.0125M.

Zeitschrift fuer Chemie published new progress about 25240-59-9. 25240-59-9 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Boronic acid and ester,Boronic Acids,Boronate Esters, name is 4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-ol, and the molecular formula is C6H13BO3, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Hassall, Kathryn published the artcileComparison of Carbon-Silicon Hyperconjugation at the 2- and 4-Positions of the N-Methylpyridinium Cation, Quality Control of 17877-23-5, the publication is Journal of Organic Chemistry (2005), 70(6), 1993-1997, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

N-Methyl-2-[(trialkylsilyl)methyl]pyridinium cations [R₃ = Me₃ (6a), iso-Pr₃ (6b), Me₂(Me₃C) (6c)] and 4-[(trialkylsilyl)methyl]pyridinium cations (same R₃, 5a–c, resp.) were prepared and studied by using ²⁹Si and ¹³C NMR and single-crystal x-ray crystallog. (for 5b and 6b). Systematic differences in the ²⁹Si chem. shifts and ²⁹Si-¹³C one-bond coupling constants for these cations suggested that the Si-CH₂ bond interacts more strongly at the 2-position of the electron-deficient pyridinium ring than at the 4-position. This result is supported by the x-ray structures of the pyridinium cations 5b and 6b.

Journal of Organic Chemistry published new progress about 17877-23-5. 17877-23-5 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Protection and Derivatization Reagent, name is Triisopropylsilanol, and the molecular formula is C9H22OSi, Quality Control of 17877-23-5.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts