Author: tianli

Wu, Ding-Tao published the artcileIn vitro simulated digestion and fecal fermentation of polysaccharides from loquat leaves: Dynamic changes in physicochemical properties and impacts on human gut microbiota, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is loquat leaf polysaccharide fecal fermentation digestion gut microbiota human; Fecal fermentation; Gut microbiota; Loquat polysaccharides; Structural characteristic; in vitro digestion.

The aim of this study was to well understand the dynamic changes of physicochem. properties of polysaccharides from loquat leaves (LLP) during in vitro simulated saliva-gastrointestinal digestion and fecal fermentation and its related impacts on human gut microbiota. Results showed that the contents of reducing sugar of LLP slightly increased during the gastrointestinal digestion, and its mol. weight also slightly decreased, suggesting that LLP could be slightly degraded under the gastrointestinal digestion conditions. Moreover, during the fecal fermentation, the mol. weight of the indigestible LLP (LLP-I) significantly decreased, and the molar ratio of constituent monosaccharides of LLP-I, such as glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, galactose, and arabinose, significantly changed, indicating that LLP-I could be degraded and consumed by human gut microbiota. Indeed, some beneficial bacteria such as Megasphaera, Megamonas, Bifidobacterium, Phascolarctobacterium, and Desulfovibrio significantly increased, suggesting that LLP-I could change the composition and abundance of gut microbiota. LLP-I could also promote the production of health-promoting short chain fatty acids. Results from this study are benefical to well understand the in vitro digestion and fecal fermentation behaviors of LLP, and LLP can be developed as a potential prebiotic in the functional food industry.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules published new progress about Actinobacteria. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Guan, Tianyue published the artcileSpore Powder of Paecilomyces hepiali Shapes Gut Microbiota to Relieve Exercise-Induced Fatigue in Mice, Synthetic Route of 97-67-6, the main research area is Paecilomyces fatigue gut microbiota spore powder; Paecilomyces hepiali; anti-fatigue; functional food; gut microbiota; spore.

Paecilomyces hepiali, a fungal strain isolated from natural Ophiocordyceps sinensis, contains similar pharmacol. active components, has been used widely as a substitute of O. sinensis in functional food and medicine. However, the components and anti-fatigue effects of P.hepiali spores and their mechanisms of action are largely unknown. Here, we compared the chem. composition in P.hepiali spore (HPS) and mycelium (HPM) by liquid chromatog. with tandem mass spectrometry anal. We found 85 metabolites with significant differences, and HPS contains more L-Malic acid, Oxalacetic acid, Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, and L-Arginine than HPM. Then we evaluated their anti-fatigue effects and regulatory effects on the gut microbiota in mice. The forced swimming time (SW) was only significantly increased in HPS groups: the high and low dose of the HPS group was 101% and 72% longer than the control group, resp. Both HPS and HPM treatment decreased lactic acid, blood urea nitrogen, creatine kinase while increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in the blood. Moreover, mice treated with HPS and HPM showed less skeletal muscle fiber spacing and breakage. The relative abundance of Alistips, Eubacterium, Bacterium, Parasutterella, and Olsenella in the gut microbiota of the HPS group was higher than that in the HPM group through 16S rRNA gene sequencing anal. These changes may be related to the regulation of nucleotide, amino acid, and carbohydrate metabolism Correlation anal. between the gut microbiota and fatigue-related indicators suggested that Alistips, Clostridium, Akkermansia, Olsenella, and Lactobacillus were pos. correlated with the SW and LDH content. Our findings demonstrated that HPS has beneficial anti-fatigue effects by regulating gut microbiota.

Nutrients published new progress about Actinobacteria. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Synthetic Route of 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Kumar, Brijesh published the artcileIn Silico Studies Reveal Antiviral Effects of Traditional Indian Spices on COVID-19, Application In Synthesis of 124-76-5, the main research area is COVID traditional Indian spices antiviral effect; 6LXT; 6YNQ; 6YOR; COVID-19; isovitexin; myricetin; spices.; spike protein.

The global health emergency due to SARS-CoV-2 causing the COVID-19 pandemic emphasized the scientific community to intensify their research work for its therapeutic solution In this study, Indian traditional spices owing to various medicinal properties were tested in silico for their inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2 proteins. SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins (SP) and main proteases (Mpro) play a significant role in infection development were considered as potential drug targets. A total of 75 phytochems. present in traditional Indian spices retrieved from the published literature and Dr. Duke’s Phytochem. and Ethnobotanical Database, were docked with Mpro (PDB IDs: 6YNQ), and the SP (PDB IDs: 6LXT and 6YOR). Through the screening process, 75 retrieved phytochems. were docked with spike protein (PDB IDs: 6LXT and 6YOR) and main protease (PDB ID: 6YNQ) of SARS-CoV-2. Among them, myricetin, a flavonoid (rank score: 6LXT: -11.72383; 6YOR: -9.87943; 6YNQ: -11.68164) from Allium sativum L and Isovitexin, an example of flavone (rank score: 6LXT: -12.14922; 6YOR: -10.19443; 6YNQ: -12.60603) from Pimpinella anisumL were the most potent ligands against SP and Mpro of SARS-CoV-2. Whereas, Astragalin from Crocus sativus L.; Rutin from Illicium verum, Oxyguttiferone from Garcinia cambogia; Scopolin from Apium graveolens L, Luteolin from Salvia officinalis, Emodin, Aloe-emodin from Cinnamomum zeylanicium and Apigenin from Allium sativum L showed better inhibition against Mpro than SP of SARS-CoV-2. The amino acid residues like SER, LYS, ASP and TYR were found playing important role in protein-ligand interactions via hydrogen bonding and Vander Waals forces. Optimal use of traditional spices in our daily meals may help fight against COVID-19. This study also paves the path for herbal drug formulation against SARS-CoV-2 after wet lab validation.

Current Pharmaceutical Design published new progress about Acorus calamus. 124-76-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is rel-(1R,2R,4R)-1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol, and the molecular formula is C10H18O, Application In Synthesis of 124-76-5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Kawasaki, Akitomo published the artcileManipulating exudate composition from root apices shapes the microbiome throughout the root system, Safety of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is composition apices shape microbiome throughout root system.

Certain soil microorganisms can improve plant growth, and practices that encourage their proliferation around the roots can boost production and reduce reliance on agrochems. The beneficial effects of the microbial inoculants currently used in agriculture are inconsistent or short-lived because their persistence in soil and on roots is often poor. A complementary approach could use root exudates to recruit beneficial microbes directly from the soil and encourage inoculant proliferation. However, it is unclear whether the release of common organic metabolites can alter the root microbiome in a consistent manner and if so, how those changes vary throughout the whole root system. In this study, we altered the expression of transporters from the ALUMINUM-ACTIVATED MALATE TRANSPORTER and the MULTIDRUG AND TOXIC Compound EXTRUSION families in rice (Oryza sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and tested how the subsequent release of their substrates (simple organic anions, including malate, citrate, and γ-amino butyric acid) from root apices affected the root microbiomes. We demonstrate that these exudate compounds, sep. and in combination, significantly altered microbiome composition throughout the root system. However, the root type (seminal or nodal), position along the roots (apex or base), and soil type had a greater influence on microbiome structure than the exudates. These results reveal that the root microbiomes of important cereal species can be manipulated by altering the composition of root exudates, and support ongoing attempts to improve plant production by manipulating the root microbiome.

Plant Physiology published new progress about Acidimicrobiia. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Safety of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Junttila, Mikko H. published the artcileOn the Hydrolysis Step in Osmium Catalyzed Asymmetric Dihydroxylations, Safety of 1-(4-Bromophenyl)ethane-1,2-diol, the main research area is hydrolysis osmium catalysis asym dihydroxylation.

In order to obtain information about the most important features that affect the efficiency of osmium catalyzed asym. dihydroxylation, a series of substituted styrenes have been studied by using a Hammett type approach as well as solvent kinetic isotope effects. A concave shaped Hammett plot with a min. at X = H revealed a change in the mechanism going from electron-donating to electron-withdrawing substituents for both NaClO2 and K3[Fe(CN)6] asym. dihydroxylations. The Hammett plot together with solvent isotope effect results indicates that osmium (mono)glycolates of styrenes with electron-withdrawing substituents are hydrolyzed by a stepwise attack of the nucleophile to the electrophilic osmium-center and subsequent protonation of the alk. intermediate. Osmium (mono)glycolates in dihydroxylation, using NaClO2 as the stoichiometric oxidant of styrenes with electron-donating substituents, are hydrolyzed by specific acid catalysis. The rate-limiting step is an A1 type process. Differences in the ρ values in the Hammett plots for NaClO2 and K3[Fe(CN)6] asym. dihydroxylations indicate that in dihydroxylations with NaClO2 as the secondary oxidant, the reactive osmium(VI) mono(glycolate) is oxidized to osmium(VIII) mono(glycolate) prior to hydrolysis. The reaction rate was found to have an effect on the enantioselectivity in asym. dihydroxylation. If the hydrolysis step is slow enough, a competitive bis(glycolation) deteriorates the enantioselectivity in K3[Fe(CN)6] asym. dihydroxylations and even more so in NaClO2 asym. dihydroxylations.

Journal of Organic Chemistry published new progress about Acid catalysis. 92093-23-7 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 1-(4-Bromophenyl)ethane-1,2-diol, and the molecular formula is C8H9BrO2, Safety of 1-(4-Bromophenyl)ethane-1,2-diol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Lee, Wen-Chien published the artcilePolarity-Dependent Chemical Characteristics of Water-Soluble Organic Matter from Laboratory-Generated Biomass-Burning Revealed by 1-Octanol-Water Partitioning, Synthetic Route of 111-87-5, the main research area is biomass burning WSOM chem characteristic polarity octanol water partition.

Polarity distribution of water-soluble organic matter (WSOM) is an important factor in determining the hygroscopic and cloud nucleation abilities of organic aerosol particles. The authors applied a novel framework to quant. classify WSOM based on the 1-octanol-water partition coefficient (KOW), which often serves as a proxy of polarity. In this study, WSOM was generated in a laboratory biomass-burning experiment by smoldering of Indonesian peat and vegetation samples. The fractionated WSOM was analyzed using a UV-visible spectrophotometer, spectrofluorometer, and time-of-flight aerosol chem. speciation monitor. Several deconvolution methods, including pos. matrix factorization, parallel factor anal., and least-squares anal., were applied to the measured spectra, resulting in three classes of WSOM. The highly polar fraction of WSOM, which predominantly exists in the range of log KOW <0, is highly oxygenated and exhibits similar optical properties as those of light-absorbing humic-like substances (HULIS, termed after the humic substances due to the similarity in chem. characteristics). WSOM in the least-polar fraction, which mainly distributes in log KOW >1, mostly consists of hydrocarbon-like and high mol. weight species. In between the most- and least-polar fraction, WSOM in the marginally polar fraction likely contains aromatic compounds The analyses have also suggested the existence of HULIS with different polarities. Comparison with previous studies indicates that only WSOM in the highly polar fraction (log KOW <0) likely contributes to water uptake. Environmental Science & Technology published new progress about Acacia mangium. 111-87-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is n-Octanol, and the molecular formula is C8H18O, Synthetic Route of 111-87-5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Misselwitz, Benjamin published the artcileUpdate on lactose malabsorption and intolerance: pathogenesis, diagnosis and clinical management, Computed Properties of 59-23-4, the main research area is lactose malabsorption intolerance pathogenesis diagnosis; diet; functional bowel disorder; hydrogen breath tests; lactase; malabsorption.

Lactose is the main source of calories in milk, an essential nutriedigestion, patients with visceral hypersensitivity nt in infancy and a key part of the diet in populations that maintain the ability to digest this disaccharide in adulthood. Lactase deficiency (LD) is the failure to express the enzyme that hydrolyzes lactose into galactose and glucose in the small intestine. The genetic mechanism of lactase persistence in adult Caucasians is mediated by a single C→T nucleotide polymorphism at the LCTbo -13’910 locus on chromosome-2. Lactose malabsorption (LM) refers to any cause of failure to digest and/or absorb lactose in the small intestine. This includes primary genetic and also secondary LD due to infection or other conditions that affect the mucosal integrity of the small bowel. Lactose intolerance (LI) is defined as the onset of abdominal symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating and diarrhea after lactose ingestion by an individual with LM. The likelihood of LI depends on the lactose dose, lactase expression and the intestinal microbiome. Independent of lactose digestion, patients with visceral hypersensitivity associated with anxiety or the Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) are at increased risk of the condition. Diagnostic investigations available to diagnose LM and LI include genetic, endoscopic and physiol. tests. The association between self-reported LI, objective findings and clin. outcome of dietary intervention is variable. Treatment of LI can include low-lactose diet, lactase supplementation and, potentially, colonic adaptation by prebiotics. The clin. outcome of these treatments is modest, because lactose is just one of a number of poorly absorbed carbohydrates which can cause symptoms by similar mechanisms.

Gut published new progress about Abdominal pain. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Computed Properties of 59-23-4.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Verhertbruggen, Yves published the artcileChallenging the putative structure of mannan in wheat (Triticum aestivum) endosperm, Recommanded Product: (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, the main research area is Triticum endosperm mannan; Cell wall; Cereal; Grain; Hemicellulose; Mannan; Mannose.

In wheat endosperm, mannan, is poorly documented. Nevertheless, this hemicellulosic polysaccharide might have a determinant role in wheat grain development since, in Arabidopsis thaliana, mutants with a reduced amount of mannan show an altered seed development. In order to gain knowledge about mannan in wheat, we have determined its biochem. structure in wheat endosperm where mannose content is about 0.2% (dry weight basis). We developed a method of enzymic fingerprinting and isolated mannan-enriched fractions to decipher its fine structure. Although it is widely accepted that the class of mannan present in grass cell walls is glucomannan, our data indicate that, in wheat endosperm, this hemicellulose is only represented by short unsubstituted chains of 1,4 linked D-mannose residues and is slightly acetylated. Our study provides information regarding the interactions of mannan with other cell wall components and help to progress towards the understanding of monocot cell wall architecture and the mannan synthesis in wheat endosperm.

Carbohydrate Polymers published new progress about Seed, endosperm. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Recommanded Product: (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Fracassetti, Daniela published the artcileProduction of melatonin and other tryptophan derivatives by Oenococcus oeni under winery and laboratory scale, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is Oenococcus red wine melatonin tryptophan food safety; Malolactic fermentation; Melatonin; Oenococcus oeni; Tryptophan ethyl ester; Wine.

Malolactic fermentation (MLF) in Valtellina Superiore DOCG red wine was monitored in 4 cellars and the final products were analyzed to determine the content of melatonin (MEL) and other tryptophan (TRP) derivatives, including tryptophan Et ester (TEE) and MEL isomers (MISs), and to isolate predominant O. oeni strains. MEL and TEE significantly increased in wines after MLF from two cellars out of four. Six strains were isolated during the MLF of red wines and under laboratory scale, in rich and synthetic wine cultural media, together with other four O. oeni strains able to trigger the MLF. Results showed that the presence of stressful growth factors, like ethanol and acid pH, has a pivotal role in triggering the release of TEE by oenococci. Indeed, all the strains became capable to produce also MEL and MISs, together with TEE. under harsh growth conditions, as in a synthetic wine medium. The production of these compounds was strain-dependent and a maximum amount of 0.0078 ± 0.0023 ngT/mL (UMB472) and 619.85 ± 196.16 ngT/mL (UMB436) of MEL and TEE was obtained, resp. In particular, different MISs were detected under oenol. and laboratory scale suggesting that other factors (i.e. technol. and/or physico-chem.) could affect the synthesis of TRP derivatives

Food Microbiology published new progress about Oenococcus oeni. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Johansson, Gary published the artcileMolecular recognition directed self-assembly of tubular liquid crystalline and crystalline supramolecular architectures from Taper Shaped (15-crown-5)methyl 3,4,5-tris(p-alkyloxybenzyloxy)benzoates and (15-crown-5)methyl 3,4,5-tris(p-dodecyloxy)benzoate, Computed Properties of 6214-45-5, the main research area is crown ether hydroxymethyl benzoate derivative; liquid crystalline hydroxymethyl crown benzoate; supramol architecture hydroxymethyl crown benzoate; mol recognition hydroxymethyl crown benzoate.

The syntheses and characterization of title crown ether derivatives I [R = p-Me(CH2)nOC6H4CH2, where n = 3, 5, or 11 (27); R = Me(CH2)11 (28)] are described. Complexation of the crown ether endo-receptor with CF3SO3Na destabilizes the crystalline phase of I and induces for the case of 27 and 28 the self-assembly of a supramol. cylindrical channel-like architecture which displays a thermotropic hexagonal columnar (Φh) mesophase. Most remarkably, in the crystalline phase of the complexes of 27 with CF3SO3Na the cylindrical structure of the Φh mesophase is maintained. Characterization of these supramol. architectures was performed by a combination of differential scanning calorimetry, thermal optical polarized microscopy, X-ray scattering and mol. modeling. A model is proposed in which a stratum of the column is formed by six mols. of 27 and 28 with the crown ether receptors residing in the column center and the alkyl tails radiating toward the column periphery. Endo-Recognition generated via the (15-crown-5)methyl receptor upon complexation, and exo-recognition provided by the tapered 3,4,5-tris(p-dodecyloxybenzyloxy)benzoate and 3,4,5-tris(p-dodecyloxy)benzoate fragments of 27 and 28 provide the driving force for the self-assembly of this cylindrical supramol.

Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1: Organic and Bio-Organic Chemistry published new progress about Liquid crystals. 6214-45-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (4-Butoxyphenyl)methanol, and the molecular formula is C11H16O2, Computed Properties of 6214-45-5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts