Author: tianli

Simmen, Frank A. published the artcileMalic enzyme 1 (ME1) in the biology of cancer: it is not just intermediary metabolism, Safety of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is review malic enzyme cancer biol intermediary metabolism; NADPH; cancer; glutathione; hyperinsulinemia; malic enzyme; thioredoxin.

Malic enzyme 1 (ME1) is a cytosolic protein that catalyzes the conversion of malate to pyruvate while concomitantly generating NADPH from NADP. Early studies identified ME1 as a mediator of intermediary metabolism primarily through its participatory roles in lipid and cholesterol biosynthesis. ME1 was one of the first identified insulin-regulated genes in liver and adipose and is a transcriptional target of thyroxine. Multiple studies have since documented that ME1 is pro-oncogenic in numerous epithelial cancers. In tumor cells, the reduction of ME1 gene expression or the inhibition of its activity resulted in decreases in proliferation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and in vitro migration, and conversely, in promotion of oxidative stress, apoptosis and/or cellular senescence. Here, we integrate recent findings to highlight ME1’s role in oncogenesis, provide a rationale for its nexus with metabolic syndrome and diabetes, and raise the prospects of targeting the cytosolic NADPH network to improve therapeutic approaches against multiple cancers.

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology published new progress about Adipose tissue. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Safety of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

MacCannell, Amanda D. V. published the artcileSexual dimorphism in adipose tissue mitochondrial function and metabolic flexibility in obesity, Safety of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is gene expression sexual dimorphism adipose tissue metabolic flexibility obesity.

The prevalence of obesity is growing globally. Adiposity increases the risk for metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Adipose tissue distribution influences systemic metabolism and impacts metabolic disease risk. The link between sexual dimorphisms of adiposity and metabolism is poorly defined. We hypothesise that depot-specific adipose tissue mitochondrial function contributes to the sexual dimorphism of metabolic flexibility in obesity. Male and female mice fed high fat diet (HFD) or standard diet (STD) from 8-18 wk of age underwent whole animal calorimetry and high-resolution mitochondrial respirometry anal. on adipose tissue depots. To determine translatability we used RT-qPCR to examine key brown adipocyte-associated gene expression: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor co-activator 1α, Uncoupling protein 1 and cell death inducing DFFA like effector a in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and s.c. adipose tissue (sWAT) of 18-wk-old mice and sWAT from human volunteers. Male mice exhibited greater weight gain compared to female mice when challenged with HFD. Relative to increased body mass, the adipose to body weight ratio for BAT and sWAT depots was increased in HFD-fed males compared to female HFD-fed mice. Oxygen consumption, energy expenditure, respiratory exchange ratio and food consumption did not differ between males and females fed HFD. BAT mitochondria from obese females showed increased Complex I & II respiration and maximal respiration compared to lean females whereas obese males did not exhibit adaptive mitochondrial BAT respiration. Sexual dimorphism in BAT-associated gene expression in sWAT was also associated with Body Mass Index in humans. We show that sexual dimorphism of weight gain is reflected in mitochondrial respiration anal. Female mice have increased metabolic flexibility to adapt to changes in energy intake by regulating energy expenditure through increased complex II and maximal mitochondrial respiration within BAT when HFD challenged and increased proton leak in sWAT mitochondria.

International Journal of Obesity published new progress about Adipose tissue. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Safety of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Tunnisa, Fitra published the artcileAntioxidant and antidiabetic compounds identification in several Indonesian underutilized Zingiberaceae spices using SPME-GC/MS-based volatilomics and in silico methods, HPLC of Formula: 124-76-5, the main research area is Zingiber eucalyptol fenchone volatiles antioxidant antidiabetic SPME GCMS Indonesia; AC, Amomum compactum Soluble ex Maton; AGI, α-glucosidase inhibitor; AM, Alpinia malaccensis (Burm.f.) Roscoe; Antioxidant; BR, Boesenbergia rotunda L. Mansf.; CA, Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb; CH, Curcuma heyneana Val. & Zijp; CP, Curcuma purpurascens Blume; CT, Curcuma petiolata Roxb; CUPRAC, Cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity; CZ, Curcuma zedoria Roscoe; DPPH, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl; FRAP, Ferric reducing antioxidant property; GC/MS, Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry; Metabolomics; OPLS, Orthogonal projection to the least square; PCA, Principal component analysis; SPME, Solid phase micro extraction; SPME-GC/MS; TFC, Total flavonoid content; TPC, Total phenolic content; Volatiles; ZA, Zingiber aromaticum Val.; ZC, Zingiber purpureum Roscoe; ZO, Zingiber ottensii Val.; ZZ, Zingiber zerumpet L. Roscoe ex Sm.; α-Glucosidase inhibitor.

This study aimed to identify compounds in 12 minor Zingiberaceae spices grown in Indonesia linked with in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitor and antioxidant (DPPH, FRAP, CUPRAC) activities using SPME-GC/MS volatilomics. The results illustrated that Zingiber aromaticum Val., Alpinia malaccensis (Burm.f.) Roscoe, Amomum compactum Soluble ex Maton, and Zingiber purpureum Roscoe had the highest α-glucosidase inhibitor and DPPH, FRAP, CUPRAC antioxidant activities, resp. Also, the total phenolic content pos. influenced DPPH, FRAP, and CUPRAC antioxidant activities. The strongest pos. correlation with α-glucosidase inhibitor and DPPH antioxidant activities was found in eucalyptol; whereas o-cymene and terpinen-4-ol had the strongest correlations with FRAP and CUPRAC antioxidants, resp. Furthermore, the mol. docking anal. revealed that all compounds with a strong correlation with α-glucosidase inhibitor activity (based on their OPLS VIP score) had binding energies (-5.06 – -6.26 kcal/mol) close to Acarbose (-10.11 kcal/mol). Thus, this study provided vital information on the volatile compounds in underutilized spices associated with their health beneficial properties.

Food Chemistry: X published new progress about Adipose tissue. 124-76-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is rel-(1R,2R,4R)-1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol, and the molecular formula is C10H18O, HPLC of Formula: 124-76-5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Zarini, Daniele published the artcileAre In Silico Approaches Applicable As a First Step for the Prediction of e-Liquid Toxicity in e-Cigarettes?, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is toxicity electronic cigarette liquid QSAR model.

Recent studies have raised concerns about e-cigarette liquid inhalation toxicity by reporting the presence of chems. with European Union CLP toxicity classification. In this scenario, the regulatory context is still developing and is not yet up to date with vaping current reality. Due to the paucity of toxicol. studies, robust data regarding which components in tent. In this study we applied computational methods for studied chems. as a useful tool for predicting the acute toxicity of chems. contained in e-liquids The purpose of t the potential health concerns associated with e-liquid ingredients, (b) to prioritize e-liquid ingredients by calculating the e-tox index, and (c) to estimate acute toxicity of e-liquid mixtures QSAR models were generated using QSARINS software to fill the acute toxicity data gap of 264 e-liquid ingredients. As a second step, the potential acute toxicity of e-liquids mixtures was evaluated. Our preliminary data suggest that a computational approa serve as a roadmap to enable regulatory bodies to better regulate e-liquid composition and to contribute to consumer health protection.

Chemical Research in Toxicology published new progress about Acute toxicity. 505-10-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 3-(Methylthio)propan-1-ol, and the molecular formula is C4H10OS, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Miura, Patricia Tidori published the artcileStudy of the chemical composition and ecotoxicological evaluation of essential oils in Daphnia magna with potential use in aquaculture, Synthetic Route of 124-76-5, the main research area is Daphnia essential oil chem composition aquaculture ecotoxicol.

Essential oils have been used in aquaculture due to their wide range of biol. activities. However, even though they have a potentially low risk for fish, it is necessary to assess the risks to nontarget organisms to guarantee their safe use in the environment. Here, we assessed the acute toxicity on the model organism Daphniamagna of seven essential oils of interest in aquaculture (Lippiaalba, Lippiagracilis, Lippiasidoides, Menthaarvensis, Menthapiperita, Ocimumgratissimum and Pipercallosum). Furthermore, we also studied the chem. composition of essential oils using gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to relate toxicity to the chem. composition The half maximal effective concentration values during 48 h of exposure (EC50-48 h) of the essential oils for D. magna showed toxicity ranging from moderately (EC50-48 h 3.59 mg/L for L. gracilis, followed by L. sidoides, L. alba and O. gratissimum) to slightly toxic (EC50-48 h 43.74 mg/L for M. piperita as the least toxic, M. arvensis and P. callosum). Thus, for the purpose of establishing ecol. safe therapeutic protocols, the correct use of these substances in aquaculture should be considered, as the toxicity of the essential oils observed indicates potential interference with the nontarget organism D. magna.

Aquaculture Research published new progress about Acute toxicity. 124-76-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is rel-(1R,2R,4R)-1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol, and the molecular formula is C10H18O, Synthetic Route of 124-76-5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Sharma, Mahima published the artcileBacopa monnieri attenuates glutamate-induced nociception and brain mitochondrial toxicity in Zebrafish, COA of Formula: C4H6O5, the main research area is Bacopa Danio glutamate nociception brain mitochondrial toxicity apoptosis; Apoptosis; Bacopa monnieri; Brain; Glutamate; Mitochondria; Zebrafish.

Bacopa monnieri L.(BM; Family: Scrophulariaceae), commonly known as Brahmi, is traditionally used as a nootropic agent. BM also exhibits significant analgesic activity in exptl. models of pain. However, the effect of Bacopa monnieri against glutamate-induced nociception in zebrafish is yet to be explored in exptl. condition. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the effect of BM against glutamate-induced nociception and brain mitochondrial toxicity in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). BM at 0.625, 1.25 and 2.5 mg/mL was administered to adult zebrafish and after half an hour glutamate was injected through i.m. route of administration. Indomethacin was used as standard drug. After behavioral anal., the fish were euthanized and the brain was isolated and stored for further biochem. anal. BM (1.25 and 2.5 mg/mL) and indomethacin significantly attenuated the glutamate-induced increase in number of line crossing compared to control group animals. Addnl., BM (1.25 and 2.5 mg/mL) and indomethacin significantly reduced the glutamate induced increase in cytosolic calcium level. Further, there was a substantial improvement in mitochondrial function, integrity and bioenergetics in term of respiratory control rate and ADP/O in zebrafish brain. Moreover, BM (1.25 and 2.5 mg/mL) and indomethacin significantly reduced the glutamate-induced mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in zebrafish brain. Therefore, BM could be a potential alternative drug candidate in the management of pain.

Metabolic Brain Disease published new progress about Acute toxicity. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, COA of Formula: C4H6O5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

El Ouahdani, Khadija published the artcileThymus algeriensis and Artemisia herba-alba Essential Oils: Chemical Analysis, Antioxidant Potential and In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory, Analgesic Activities, and Acute Toxicity, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is Thymus Artemisia essential oil antiinflammatory analgesic agent acute toxicity; Artemisia herba-alba; Thymus algeriensis; analgesic; anti-inflammatory; antioxidant; toxicity.

The study of bioactive mols. of natural origin is a focus of current research. Thymus algeriensis and Artemisia herba-alba are two medicinal plants widely used by the Moroccan population in the traditional treatment of several pathologies linked to inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate the single and combined antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of the essential oils extracted from these two medicinal plants, and also their potential toxicity. Essential oils were extracted using hydro-distillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus The antioxidant activity was evaluated by two methods: the scavenging of the free radical DPPH, and the reduction in iron. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by evaluating the edema development induced by carrageenan injecting, while the analgesic power was evaluated according to the number of abdominal contortions induced by the i.p. injection of acetic acid (0.7%). The acute oral toxicity was performed to assess the potential toxicity of the studied EOs, followed by an anal. of the blood biochem. parameters. The results of the two antioxidant tests indicated that our extract mixture exhibits good iron reduction capacity and very interesting DPPH free radical scavenging power, with an IC50 of around 4.38 ± 0.98 μg/mL higher than that of the benchmark antioxidant, BHT. The anti-inflammatory test demonstrated that the mixture administered orally at a dose of 150 mg/kg has a better activity, exceeding that of 1% Diclofenac, with a percentage of maximum inhibition of the edema of 89.99 ± 4.08. The number of cramps in the mice treated with the mixture at a dose of 150 mg/kg is significantly lower (29.80 ± 1.92) than those of the group treated with Tramadol (42.00 ± 2.70), resp. The toxicity results show no signs of toxicity with an LD50 greater than 150 mg/Kg. These interesting results show that the two plants′ EOs had an important anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant activity, and also a powerful synergistic effect, which encourages further in-depth investigations on their pharmacol. proprieties.

Molecules published new progress about Acute toxicity. 124-76-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is rel-(1R,2R,4R)-1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol, and the molecular formula is C10H18O, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Song, Min published the artcileDietary chenodeoxycholic acid improves growth performance and intestinal health by altering serum metabolic profiles and gut bacteria in weaned piglets, Formula: C4H10OS, the main research area is dietary chenodeoxycholic acid improve growth altering gut bacteria metabolism; Chenodeoxycholic acid; Growth performance; Gut health; Gut microbiota; Serum metabolite; Weaned piglet.

Nutritional diarrhea and subsequent performance degradation in weaned piglets are major challenges for the pig industry. Bile acids (BA) can be added to the diet as emulsifiers. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), a major primary BA, on growth performance, serum metabolic profiles and gut health in weaned piglets. A total of 72 healthy weaned piglets were randomly assigned to the control (CON) and the CDCA groups, which were feed a basal diet and the basal diet supplemented with 200 mg/kg CDCA for 30 d, resp. Our results demonstrated that CDCA significantly increased final BW and average daily gain (ADG), decreased feed-to-gain (F:G) ratio and tended to reduce diarrhea incidence. In addition, CDCA increased the villus height-to-crypt depth (V:C) ratio, elevated goblet cell numbers and the expression of tight junction proteins, suggesting the enhancement of intestinal barrier function. As an emulsifier, CDCA increased jejunal lipase activity and the mRNA expression of pancreatic lipases. CDCA supplementation also altered the serum metabolic profiles, including increasing the levels of indole 3-acetic acid, N′-formylkynurenine and theobromine that were beneficial for gut health. Moreover, the relative abundance of 2 beneficial gut bacteria, Prevotella9 and PrevotellaceaeTCG-001, were increased, whereas the relative abundance of a harmful bacteria, Dorea, was decreased in the gut of weaned piglets supplemented with CDCA. Importantly, the altered serum metabolic profiles showed a strong correlation with the changed gut bacteria. In conclusion, CDCA improved the growth performance of weaned piglets by improving intestinal morphol. and barrier function, and enhancing lipid digestion, accompanied by alterations of serum metabolic profiles, and changes in relative abundance of certain gut bacteria.

Animal Nutrition published new progress about Actinobacteria. 505-10-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 3-(Methylthio)propan-1-ol, and the molecular formula is C4H10OS, Formula: C4H10OS.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Arulprakasam, Karthick Raja published the artcileGenome mining of biosynthetic gene clusters intended for secondary metabolites conservation in actinobacteria, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is genome mining secondary metabolite actinobacteria; Anti-microbial resistance; Biosynthetic gene cluster; Genome mining; Non-ribosomal peptide synthetases; Polyketide synthases; Secondary metabolites.

Evolution of genome sequencing technol., on the one hand, and advancement of computational genome mining tools, on the other hand, paves way for improvement in predicting secondary metabolites. In past, numerous efforts were made concerning genome mining for recognizing secondary metabolites within the genus, but only a negligible quantity of comparative genomic reports had carried out among species of different genera. In this study, we explored potential of 24 actinobacteria species belonging to the genera, including Streptomyces, Nocardia, Micromonospora, and Saccharomonospora, to traverse diversity and distribution of Biosynthetic Gene Clusters (BGCs). Investigating results obtained from antiSMASH (Antibiotics and Secondary Metabolites Anal. Shell), NaPDoS (Natural Product Domain Seeker), and NP.searcher revealed conservation of genus-specific gene clusters among various species. E.g., NAGGN (n-acetyl glutaminyl glutamine amide) is present in Micromonospora, furan in Nocardia, melanin, and lassopeptide occur in Streptomyces. Bioactive compounds like alkyl-O-dihydro geranyl methoxy hydroquinone, SapB, desferrioxamine E, 2-Methylisoborneol, mayamycin, cyclodipeptide synthase, diisonitrile, salinichelin, hopene, ectoine and isorenieratene are highly conserved among diverse genera. Furthermore, pharmacol. activity of actinobacterial derived metabolites against bacterial and fungal pathogens were illustrated. We need to accomplish large-scale anal. of natural products, including various genera of actinobacteria to deliver comprehensive intuition to overcome antibiotic resistance.

Microbial Pathogenesis published new progress about Actinobacteria. 124-76-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is rel-(1R,2R,4R)-1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol, and the molecular formula is C10H18O, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Pilkington, Lisa I. published the artcileA chemometric analysis of deep-sea natural products, Safety of n-Octanol, the main research area is cytarabine vidarabine trabectedin pharmacokinetics natural product; chemical space; deep-sea; drug-like; known drug space; lead-like; natural products.

In this study, 179 deep-sea natural products isolated from 2009 to 2013 were investigated by analyzing their physicochem. properties that are important indicators of the ADMET (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion and Toxicity) profile of a compound The study and anal. of these mol. descriptors and characteristics enabled the defining of these compounds in various chem. spaces, particularly as an indication of their drug-likeness and position in chem. space and is the first to be conducted to analyze deep-sea derived natural products. It was found that ~40% of all deep-sea natural products were drug-like and 2/3 were within Known Drug Space (KDS), highlighting the high drug-likeness of a significant proportion of deep-sea natural products, most of which have already been shown to have notable biol. activities, that should be further investigated as potential therapeutics. Furthermore, this study was able to reveal the general structural differences between compounds from Animalia, Bacteria and Fungi organisms where it was observed that natural products from members of the Animalia kingdom are structurally more varied than compounds from bacteria and fungi. It was also noted that, in general, fungi-derived compounds occupy a more favorable position in drug-like chem. space and are a rich and promising source of biol.-active natural products for the purposes of drug development and therapeutic application.

Molecules published new progress about Actinobacteria. 111-87-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is n-Octanol, and the molecular formula is C8H18O, Safety of n-Octanol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts