Author: tianli

Halling, Jens Frey published the artcilePGC-1α regulates mitochondrial properties beyond biogenesis with aging and exercise training, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is PGC biogenesis aging exercise training mitochondrial property; ADP sensitivity; PGC-1α; ROS; aging; exercise; mitochondria.

Impaired mitochondrial function has been implicated in the pathogenesis of age-associated metabolic diseases through regulation of cellular redox balance. Exercise training is known to promote mitochondrial biogenesis in part through induction of the transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α). Recently, mitochondrial ADP sensitivity has been linked to reactive oxygen species (ROS) emission with potential impact on age-associated physiol. outcomes, but the underlying mol. mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, the present study investigated the effects of aging and exercise training on mitochondrial properties beyond biogenesis, including respiratory capacity, ADP sensitivity, ROS emission, and mitochondrial network structure, in myofibers from inducible muscle-specific PGC-1a- knockout mice and control mice. Aged mice displayed lower running endurance and mitochondrial respiratory capacity than young mice. This was associated with intermyofibrillar mitochondrial network fragmentation, diminished submaximal ADP-stimulated respiration, increased mitochondrial ROS emission, and oxidative stress. Exercise training reversed the decline in maximal respiratory capacity independent of PGC-1α, whereas exercise training rescued the age-related mitochondrial network fragmentation and the impaired submaximal ADP-stimulated respiration in a PGC-1α-dependent manner. Furthermore, lack of PGC-1α was associated with altered phosphorylation and carbonylation of the inner mitochondrial membrane ADP/ATP exchanger adenine nucleotide translocase 1. In conclusion, the present study provides evidence that PGC-1α regulates submaximal ADPstimulated respiration, ROS emission, and mitochondrial network structure in mouse skeletal muscle during aging and exercise training.

American Journal of Physiology published new progress about Aging, animal. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Rostami Dovom, Marzieh published the artcileHabitual dietary lactose and galactose intakes in association with age at menopause in non-galactosemic women, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is lactose galactose diet menopause age.

Introduction: Rodent models and studies on women with galactosemia suggest the ovo-toxicity effect of galactose. However, the association between galactose intake from dietary sources and the ovarian function in women without galactosemia has not yet been described. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the associations between both dietary galactose and lactose intake, and ovarian dysfunction as the odds of early menopause in women without galactosemia. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 821 women without galactosemia, participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS), who experienced natural menopause. Habitual dietary intakes of lactose and galactose during the past 12 mo were assessed, using a food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ). In this study, early menopause was defined as natural menopause before the age of 45 years. Results: Mean- and menopausal age of women were reported as 59.3±7.94 and 48.6±4.81 years, resp. No statistically significant linear association was observed between the daily intakes of lactose and galactose and the odds of early menopause. After adjusting for age, energy intake, and age at menarche, women in the middle tertiles of lactose (62%, 95%CI: 1.07, 2.46) and galactose (58%, 95% CI: 1.05, 2.39) intake had significantly higher odds of early menopause, than those in the first tertile. When the daily intake of lactose and galactose were expressed as the percentage of energy intake, the higher odds of early menopause among women in the middle tertile compared to those with the first tertile were reduced and became non-significant. Conclusion: No statistically significant linear associations were reported between the intake of lactose and galactose and age of menopause. However, the odds of early menopause in those women with the middle tertile of lactose and galactose intake were significantly higher than those women in the first tertile.

PLoS One published new progress about Aging, animal. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Xue, Mingshan published the artcileMetabolomic profiling of anaerobic and aerobic energy metabolic pathways in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Computed Properties of 97-67-6, the main research area is human chronic obstructive pulmonary disease metabolomics; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; anaerobic glycolysis; energy metabolism cycle; metabolomics; tricarboxylic acid cycle.

While there is no cure for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), its progressive nature and the formidable challenge to manage its symptoms warrant a more extensive study of the pathogenesis and related mechanisms. A new emphasis on COPD study is the change of energy metabolism For the first time, this study investigated the anaerobic and aerobic energy metabolic pathways in COPD using the metabolomic approach. Metabolomic anal. was used to investigate energy metabolites in 140 COPD patients. The significance of energy metabolism in COPD was comprehensively explored by the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease-GOLD grading, acute exacerbation vs. stable phase (either clin. stability or four-week stable phase), age group, smoking index, lung function, and COPD Assessment Test (CAT) score. Through comprehensive evaluation, we found that COPD patients have a significant imbalance in the aerobic and anaerobic energy metabolisms in resting state, and a high tendency of anaerobic energy supply mechanism that correlates pos. with disease progression. This study highlighted the significance of anaerobic and low-efficiency energy supply pathways in lung injury and linked it to the energy-inflammation-lung ventilatory function and the motion limitation mechanism in COPD patients, which implies a novel therapeutic direction for this devastating disease.

Experimental Biology and Medicine (London, United Kingdom) published new progress about Aging, animal. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Computed Properties of 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Geidenstam, Nina published the artcileUsing metabolite profiling to construct and validate a metabolite risk score for predicting future weight gain, Name: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is obesity body weight gain metabolite profiling risk score.

Using baseline metabolite profiling data of middle-aged individuals from the Framingham Heart Study, we identified 42 metabolites associated with longitudinal change in body mass index (BMI). We performed stepwise linear regression to select 8 of these metabolites to build a metabolite risk score (MRS) for predicting future weight gain. We replicated the MRS using data from the Mexico City Diabetes Study (MCDS; n = 768), in which one standard deviation increase in the MRS corresponded to 0.03 increase in BMI (kg/m2) per yr (i.e. 0.09 kg/yr for a 1.7 m adult). We observed that none of the available anthropometric, lifestyle, and glycemic variables fully account for the MRS prediction of weight gain. Surprisingly, we found the MRS to be strongly correlated with baseline insulin sensitivity in both cohorts and to be neg. predictive of T2D in MCDS. Genome-wide association study of the MRS identified 2 genome-wide (p < 5 × 10-8) and 5 suggestively (p < 1 × 10-6) significant loci, several of which have been previously linked to obesity-related phenotypes. We have constructed and validated a generalizable MRS for future weight gain that is an independent predictor distinct from several other known risk factors. The MRS captures a composite biol. picture of weight gain, perhaps hinting at the anabolic effects of preserved insulin sensitivity. Future investigation is required to assess the relationships between MRS-predicted weight gain and other obesity-related diseases. PLoS One published new progress about Aging, animal. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Name: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Partadiredja, Ginus published the artcileThe Effects of Light and Moderate Intensity Exercise on the Femoral Bone and Cerebellum of -Galactose-Exposed Rats, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is femoral bone cerebellum exercise galactose; -galactose; exercise; growth factor; osteoblast; osteoclast.

The present study aimed at investigating the effects of exercise on cerebellar and serum growth factors, motor activity, and the number of bone cells of the femoral head of -galactose-treated rats. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided randomly into four groups, i.e., three treated groups injected with 300 mg/(mL·kg) body weight (bw) -galactose solution daily for 4 wk, and a control group injected with normal saline. Following the 4-wk administration of -galactose solution, two of the treated groups performed light- (45% VO2max) and moderate- (55% VO2max) intensity exercise, by running on a treadmill 4 × a week for 4 wk. Locomotor activity was examined in rotarod and open field tests. The cerebellar and serum Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) levels were measured using ELISA (ELISA). The number of osteoblasts and osteoclasts of femoral head was estimated using unbiased stereol. methods. It was found that the number of osteoclasts was higher in the -galactose-treated group than the normal control and moderate-intensity exercise groups. No significant difference between groups was found in the rotarod and open field test performance, IGF-1 and BDNF levels, as well as number of osteoblasts. In conclusion, a 4-wk administration of high-dose-galactose caused the increase of the number of osteoclasts. A subsequent 4-wk moderate-intensity exercise reversed this increase to the normal level.

Rejuvenation Research published new progress about Aging, animal. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Shwe, Thazin published the artcileHyperbaric oxygen therapy restores cognitive function and hippocampal pathologies in both aging and aging-obese rats, Name: (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, the main research area is obesity cognitive function hippocampal pathol hyperbaric oxygen therapy; Aging; Autophagy; Cognition; HBOT; Microglia; Obesity.

The population of obese-elderly has increased prominently around the world. Both aging and obesity are major factors of neurodegeneration. The present study hypothesizes that HBOT attenuates metabolic disturbance, cognitive decline, hippocampal pathologies in aging and aging-obese model. Sixty Wistar rats were separated into 2 groups to receive normal-diet (ND) or high-fat diet (HFD) for 22 wk. At week 13, ND rats were divided into two subgroups to receive vehicle (0.9% NSS, s.c) or D-gal (150 mg/kg/d, s.c) for total 10 wk. HFD rats were injected only D-gal (150 mg/kg/d, s.c; HFDD) for total 10 wk. At week 20, rats in each subgroup were given sham-treatment (1ATA, 80 L/min, 80 min/day), or HBOT (2ATA, pure O2, 250 L/min, 80 min/day) for 14 days. Novel object location test, metabolic parameters, and hippocampal pathologies were determined after HBOT. D-gal induced insulin resistance, increased oxidative stress, autophagy impairment, microglial hyperactivation, apoptosis, synaptic dysplasticity which resulted in cognitive impairment. D-gal-treated HFD-fed rats had the highest levels of oxidative stress, apoptosis, dendritic spine loss. HBOT attenuated insulin resistance, cognitive impairment, hippocampal aging and pathologies in both models. These findings suggest that HBOT restored insulin sensitivity, hippocampal functions, cognition in aging and aging-obese models.

Mechanisms of Ageing and Development published new progress about Aging, animal. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Name: (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Crescenzo, Raffaella published the artcileEffect of Initial Aging and High-Fat/High-Fructose Diet on Mitochondrial Bioenergetics and Oxidative Status in Rat Brain, Name: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is hippocampus frontal cortex aging mitochondrial bioenergetics oxidative stress; Cortex; Fructose; Hippocampus; Middle age; Mitochondria; Western diet.

Middle age is an early stage of the aging process, during which the consumption of diets rich in saturated fats and/or simple sugars might influence brain function, but only few data are available on this issue. We therefore investigated the impact of a diet rich in saturated fat and fructose (HFF) on mitochondrial physiol. in hippocampus and frontal cortex of middle-aged rats (1 yr old), by including a group of adult rats (90 days) as a “”neg. control””, lacking the putative effect of aging. Middle-aged rats were fed HFF or control diet for 4 wk. Mitochondrial function was analyzed by high-resolution respirometry and by assessing the amount of respiratory complexes. Markers of oxidative balance, as well as the protein content of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1a), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARa), were also assessed. A decrease in the activity of complex I was detected in both brain areas of middle-aged rats. In hippocampus, mitochondrial respiratory capacity and complex IV content decreased with age and increased with HFF diet. Higher protein oxidative damage, decreased antioxidant defenses, and increased UCP2 and PGC-1a content were found in hippocampus of middle-aged rats. HFF feeding induced a significant reduction in the amount of UCP2, PGC-1a, and PPARa, together with higher protein oxidative damage, in both brain areas. Overall, our results point to middle age as a condition of early brain aging for mitochondrial function, with hippocampus being an area more susceptible to metabolic impairment than frontal cortex.

Molecular Neurobiology published new progress about Aging, animal. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Name: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Zhong, Junjie published the artcileAloin attenuates cognitive impairment and inflammation induced by D-galactose via down-regulating ERK, p38 and NF-κB signaling pathway, Application of (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, the main research area is aloin cognitive impairment inflammation galactose ERK NF kappaB signaling.

Oxidative stress is considered as major culprit for neurodegenerative diseases and triggers cognitive and memory impairments. The present study mainly aimed to study the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of aloin on D-galactose (D-gal) induced ageing mice. Our results demonstrated that chronic administration of D-gal (150 mg kg-1) in mice caused spontaneous and cognitive impairments, as determined by open-field test and Morris water-maze test. Aloin treatment significantly ameliorated histopathol. damage, attenuated the microglia activation and reduced levels of inflammatory mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6 in the hippocampus. Moreover, it effectively suppressed the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased antioxidant enzymes activities. Further data showed that these protective effects were accompanied by inhibition of the activation of nuclear factor kappa B and the phosphorylation of p38 and ERK. In conclusion, the present study suggests that aloin can ameliorate D-gal induced oxidative stress, cognitive impairment and inflammation, possibly via mediating the ERK, p38 and NF-κB signaling pathways.

International Immunopharmacology published new progress about Aging, animal. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Application of (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Sun, Liyang published the artcileTrehalose targets Nrf2 signal to alleviate d-galactose induced aging and improve behavioral ability, Name: (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, the main research area is trehalose galactose aging behavioral ability oxidative stress senescence; Antioxidant stress; Cognitive impairment; Inflammation; Nrf2; Trehalose; d-galactose.

As an important factor leading to aging and chronic diseases, oxidative stress has become a hot research topic. Trehalose is a natural sugar widely found in many edible plants, animals and natural microorganisms, and recent studies have suggested that trehalose is an antioxidant, although its underlying mol. mechanism is unclear. Therefore, we evaluated the protective mechanism of trehalose against oxidative stress-induced senescence. In the mouse model of d-galactose (D-gal) induced aging, we found that trehalose significantly reversed the learning and memory impairment caused by D-gal and improved the ability to explore unknown things, which was associated with a significant reduction in brain tissue damage. Further studies have shown that trehalose activates the expressions of downstream target genes HO-1, NQO1, SOD, GSH and CAT by promoting the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 in the liver. The detoxification ability of organs is increased, antioxidant enzyme activity is enhanced, lipid peroxidation is reduced, and the secretion of inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β, il-6 is decreased. In conclusion, trehalose play an anti-aging role by activating genes related to Nrf2 pathway.

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications published new progress about Aging, animal. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Name: (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Miao, Jinhua published the artcileWnt/β-catenin/RAS signaling mediates age-related renal fibrosis and is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, Product Details of C6H12O6, the main research area is Wnt catenin RAS signaling human renal fibrosis mitochondrial dysfunction; Wnt/β-catenin; aging; mitochondrial dysfunction; renal fibrosis.

Renal fibrosis is the common pathol. feature in a variety of chronic kidney diseases. Aging is highly associated with the progression of renal fibrosis. Among several determinants, mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in aging. However, the underlying mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction in age-related renal fibrosis are not elucidated. Herein, we found that Wnt/β-catenin signaling and renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activity were upregulated in aging kidneys. Concomitantly, mitochondrial mass and functions were impaired with aging. Ectopic expression of Klotho, an antagonist of endogenous Wnt/β-catenin activity, abolished renal fibrosis in D-galactose (D-gal)-induced accelerated aging mouse model and significantly protected renal mitochondrial functions by preserving mass and diminishing the production of reactive oxygen species. In an established aging mouse model, dickkopf 1, a more specific Wnt inhibitor, and the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant mitoquinone restored mitochondrial mass and attenuated tubular senescence and renal fibrosis. In a human proximal tubular cell line (HKC-8), ectopic expression of Wnt1 decreased biogenesis and induced dysfunction of mitochondria, and triggered cellular senescence. Moreover, D-gal triggered the transduction of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which further activated angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1), and then decreased the mitochondrial mass and increased cellular senescence in HKC-8 cells and primary cultured renal tubular cells. These effects were inhibited by AT1 blocker of losartan. These results suggest inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and the RAS could slow the onset of age-related mitochondrial dysfunction and renal fibrosis. Taken together, our results indicate that Wnt/β-catenin/RAS signaling mediates age-related renal fibrosis and is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction.

Aging Cell published new progress about Aging, animal. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Product Details of C6H12O6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts