Author: tianli

Finely Formed, Kinetically Modulated Wrinkle Structures in UV-Crosslinkable Liquid Prepolymers was written by Park, Seung Koo;Kwark, Young-Je;Moon, Jaehyun;Joo, Chul Woong;Yu, Byounggon;Lee, Jeong-Ik. And the article was included in Macromolecular Rapid Communications in 2015.Synthetic Route of C16H26O7 This article mentions the following:

Special characteristics of wrinkles such as a scattering source and a high surface area are finding use in high-tech applications. UV-crosslinkable prepolymers are occasionally used for fabricating wrinkled films. Wavelength of the wrinkles formed from the prepolymers is several tens and hundreds of micrometers. Here, a UV-crosslinkable liquid prepolymer was synthesized to spontaneously form wrinkle structures in the order of several micrometers. Double layers with a very thin hard skin and a soft and contractible foundation were formed at the same time, by ensuring that all the absorbance wavelengths of the photoinitiator were shorter than the min. wavelength at which the prepolymer is transparent. The rate of photo-crosslinking reaction, R_p, is also found to affect the thickness of the skin and foundation layers at the early UV-curing stage. The first-order apparent rate constant, k_app, is between ≈0.20 and ≈0.69 s^-1 for the wrinkle formation. This wrinkle structures can be simply modulated by changing R_p. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1Synthetic Route of C16H26O7).

((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Synthetic Route of C16H26O7

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

A Convenient Esterification of N-Heteroarene Methanols via C-CN Bond Cleavage of Benzoyl Cyanides as Acylating Sources was written by Su, Fangyao;Zhao, Qianrui;Wang, Mengzhuo;Zhao, Mingzhang;Ren, Yihe;Zhu, Binghan;Chen, Haoran;Lai, Miao;Zhao, Mingqin. And the article was included in ChemistrySelect in 2022.Electric Literature of C7H9NO This article mentions the following:

An efficient and straightforward methodol. for the esterification of various N-heteroarene methanols using benzoyl cyanides as acylating sources through a simply mixing conditions has been reported. The acyl groups were in-situ generated via chemoselective C-CN bond cleavage to give the N-heteroarenemethyl esters. This process features in readily accessible starting materials and offers an easy operational procedure, and broad substrate scope with excellent selectivity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol (cas: 1122-71-0Electric Literature of C7H9NO).

6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol (cas: 1122-71-0) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Electric Literature of C7H9NO

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Safety and technological issues of dry fermented sausages produced without nitrate and nitrite was written by Tabanelli, Giulia;Barbieri, Federica;Soglia, Francesca;Magnani, Rudy;Gardini, Gabriele;Petracci, Massimiliano;Gardini, Fausto;Montanari, Chiara. And the article was included in Food Research International in 2022.Name: Oct-1-en-3-ol This article mentions the following:

The aim of this work was to investigate the possibility to industrially produce fermented sausages without the addition of nitrate and nitrite. Indeed, despite their antimicrobial effect and multiple technol. roles, an increasing pressure for their removal has recently raised. To achieve this goal while maintaining an acceptable final product quality, we deeply modified the whole process, that was carried out at 10-15°C (i.e., temperatures lower than traditional Mediterranean products) and by using bioprotective starter cultures at high concentrations (7 log CFU/g) to lead the fermentation Different glucose amounts (0.2 or 0.4% weight/weight) were also tested to optimize the process. The results showed no significant differences between the control (with nitrate/nitrite) and the sausages without preservatives in terms of aw (value range 0.908-0.914), weight loss (about 38% in all samples), lactic acid bacteria (value range 8.1-8.3 log CFU/g) and coagulase neg. cocci (value range 6.8-7.1 log CFU/g). The amount of sugar affected the final characteristics of sausages. Indeed, in the absence of curing salts, lower sugar concentration resulted in better textural features (reduced hardness and gumminess) and lower oxidation (TBARS values 0.80 vs. 1.10 mg MDA/kg of meat product in samples with 0.2% or 0.4% of glucose, resp.). Finally, challenge tests evidenced the inability of selected strains of Listeria innocua, Salmonella enterica sub. enterica and Clostridium botulinum to grow, under the adopted conditions, in fermented sausages. This research highlighted that nitrate/nitrite removal from these meat products requires accurate technol. changes to guarantee the final quality. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4Name: Oct-1-en-3-ol).

Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Name: Oct-1-en-3-ol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Synthesis of Diverse Fluorescent Polycyclic Purinium Salts from 6-Arylpurine Nucleosides and Alkynes was written by Yang, Qi-Liang;Liu, Ying;Luo, Yi-Rui;Li, Zhi-Hao;Jia, Hong-Wei;Fu, Ya-Bo;Qu, Gui-Rong;Guo, Hai-Ming. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2022.COA of Formula: C10H20O This article mentions the following:

Described herein is an efficient strategy for assembling a new library of functionalized polycyclic purinium salts with a wide range of anions through Rh^III-catalyzed C-H activation/annulation of 6-arylpurine nucleosides with alkynes under mild reaction conditions. The resulting products displayed tunable photo-luminescence covering most of the visible spectrum.nod cl. Mechanistic insights delineated the rhodium catalyst’s mode of action. A purino-isoquinolinium-coordinated rhodium(I) sandwich complex was well characterized and identified as the key intermediate. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5COA of Formula: C10H20O).

(1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.COA of Formula: C10H20O

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

In-vitro influence of the use of an erythritol powder through air polishing on the surface roughness and abrasiveness of various restorative materials was written by Reinhart, David;Singh-Huesgen, Preeti;Zimmer, Stefan;Bizhang, Mozhgan. And the article was included in PLoS One in 2022.Electric Literature of C4H10O4 This article mentions the following:

The aim of this in-vitro study is to compare the prophylaxis powder Airflow Plus to a conventional prophylaxis paste with regards to surface abrasion and roughness on four different restorative materials. A total of 80 samples were fabricated, including 20 of each investigated material. Among those were a nanocomposite (Ceram X Spectra ST, Dentsply), a glass ionomer cement (Ketac Fill, 3M), a cast metal alloy (Bio Maingold SG, Heraeus Kulzer) and a ceramic (HeraCeram Saphir, Heraeus Kulzer). Of each material, all samples were equally divided into two groups. Samples in one group were treated with AirFlow Plus using the AirFlow Prophylaxis Master (EMS, Switzerland) (Group AF) and the ones in the other group with Prophy Paste (Cleanic, Kerr, Austria) (Group CL) on a rubber cup. Applied force amounted to 1.5 N at 2000 rpm. Under controlled reproduceable conditions, a 10-yr interval with 4 application per yr, a total of 200 s, was simulated. Size of each sample amounted to 6 mm in diameter and 2 mm in height. Half side of each sample were treated. While comparing the treated and untreated area of each sample, surface abrasion and roughness were measured using an optical 3D system. Roughness was measured based on the arithmetic roughness average of the surface (Ra) and root mean square of the surface roughness (Rq). The statistical evaluation of the data was carried out using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney-U-test, Wilcoxon-test and the Kruskal-Wallis test for group comparisons. In conclusion, the use of the rubber cup with Prophy Paste caused a significantly higher abrasion on composite, ceramic and gold compared to the AirFlow Plus powder (p < 0.05). In group AF, the significant highest values for Ra were determined on GIC, followed by composite, gold and then ceramic in intragroup comparison. Ra on GIC was significantly higher in group AF (p < 0.05). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6Electric Literature of C4H10O4).

(2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Electric Literature of C4H10O4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

ZnOx-MnCO₃,-MnO₂ OR-Mn₂O₃ deposited on highly reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites as an efficient catalyst for aerial oxidation of different types of alcohols was written by Assal, M. E.;Shaik, M. R.;Kuniyil, M.;Khan, M.;Al-Warthan, A.;Siddiqui, M. Rafiq H.;Adil, Syed Farooq. And the article was included in Oxidation Communications in 2018.Product Details of 1777-82-8 This article mentions the following:

An affordable co-precipitation procedure has employed for the preparation of ZnOx nanoparticles doped MnCO₃ supported on different percentages of highly reduced graphene oxide (HRG) nanocomposites (X%)HRG/MnCO₃-(1%)ZnOx (where x = 0-7) calcined at 300°C. Upon calcination at 400 and 500°C, manganese carbonate is converted to different manganese oxides, i.e. manganese dioxide (MnO₂) and manganic trioxide (Mn₂O₃), resp. A comparative catalytic study was performed to assess the catalytic efficiency of the manganese carbonates and manganese oxides for the selective oxidation of secondary alcs. in the presence of mol. O₂ as a clean oxidant under base-free condition. Effects of several parameters were systematically studied using oxidation of 1-phenyl-ethanol into acetophenone as a reaction model. It was found that the efficiency of the catalytic system has improved significantly after doping the catalyst with graphene for the aerial oxidation of secondary alcs. Furthermore, the promotion role of HRG support in the adsorption of reactant alc. and oxygen near the ZnOx NPs as well as graphene support possesses extremely high surface area. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8Product Details of 1777-82-8).

(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Product Details of 1777-82-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

N-(Phenylselenomethyl)phthalimide as new reagent for mild protection of alcohols as Pim-ethers was written by Temperini, Andrea;Minuti, Lucio. And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 2012.Reference of 94022-96-5 This article mentions the following:

A mild activation of N-(phenylselenomethyl)phthalimide by iodonium ion in the presence of alcs. to give the corresponding O-phthalimidomethyl derivatives (Pim-ethers) I [R = t-Bu, cyclohexyl, O₂NCH₂CH₂, etc.] is provided. Simple cleavage of the phthalimido group with ethylenediamine is also reported thus making this approach a new and efficient method of protecting alcs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(Trifluoromethyl)phenethyl alcohol (cas: 94022-96-5Reference of 94022-96-5).

2-(Trifluoromethyl)phenethyl alcohol (cas: 94022-96-5) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Reference of 94022-96-5

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Improving Stability of Vitamin B5 Through Double Salt Formation was written by Liang, Xuan;Zhang, Qi;Zhang, Zaiyong;Ding, Qiaoce;Mei, Xuefeng. And the article was included in Crystal Growth & Design in 2021.Reference of 137-08-6 This article mentions the following:

Calcium pantothenate (CP) is a chem. unstable vitamin and sensitive to moisture, heat, acid, and alkali. The poor physicochem. properties have greatly limited its biol. performance and applications. In this work, four new double salts of CP with pantoic acid calcium salt (PA), calcium isobutyrate (IBA), calcium β-hydroxy-β-Me butyrate (HMB), and calcium lactate (LA) were synthesized aiming to reduce the moisture sensitivity and to enhance the stability. The three double salts (CP-PA, CP-IBA, CP-HMB) were fully characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric anal., and dynamic vapor sorption. In addition, their hygroscopicity and chem. stability under different conditions were also studied. The results show that all four double salts present improved hygroscopicity, phys. stability, and chem. stability. Notably, compared to CP pure forms, CP-PA and CP-LA present significantly lower moisture absorption and obviously improved stability. This work provides a new method to improve the hygroscopicity, phys. stability, and chem. stability of organic salts. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6Reference of 137-08-6).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Reference of 137-08-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Pathways and metabolites of microbial degradation of selected acidic pharmaceutical and their occurrence in municipal wastewater treated by a membrane bioreactor was written by Quintana, Jose Benito;Weiss, Stefan;Reemtsma, Thorsten. And the article was included in Water Research in 2005.Electric Literature of C16H16O3 This article mentions the following:

Laboratory degradation tests with 5 acidic pharmaceuticals using activated sludge as inoculum under aerobic conditions were performed and microbial metabolites were analyzed by liquid chromatog.-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Ketoprofen was partly mineralized as a sole source of carbon and energy and the metabolites determined by LC-MS suggest microbial ketoprofen degradation to proceed along the pathway known for biphenyls and related compounds Bezafibrate, naproxen and ibuprofen were degraded only cometabolically whereas no transformation was obtained for diclofenac. Some biodegradation intermediates in these batch tests could be tentatively identified by LC-MS. The 1st step in microbial bezafibrate degradation appears to be the hydrolytic cleavage of the amide bond, generating well degradable 4-chlorobenzoic acid as one of the hydrolysis products. As previously found for mammals, ether cleavage and formation of desmethylnaproxen was the initial step in microbial degradation of naproxen. Two isomers of hydroxy-ibuprofen were detected as intermediates in the mineralization of ibuprofen. Laboratory studies suggest that naproxen and ibuprofen can be fully mineralized whereas more stable metabolites occur in microbial ketoprofen and bezafibrate transformation, that may deserve further attention. A LC-MS method for the trace anal. of these metabolites in water was developed and applied to municipal wastewater. Municipal wastewater treatment by a membrane bioreactor may gradually improve the removal of these pharmaceuticals. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(3-(Hydroxy(phenyl)methyl)phenyl)propanoic acid (cas: 59960-32-6Electric Literature of C16H16O3).

2-(3-(Hydroxy(phenyl)methyl)phenyl)propanoic acid (cas: 59960-32-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Electric Literature of C16H16O3

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Asymmetric hydrogenation of α-arylpropenoic acids catalyzed by rhodium(I) complexes of chiral ligands derived from some monosaccharides was written by Sunjic, Vitomir;Habus, Ivan;Comisso, Giovanni;Moimas, Flavio. And the article was included in Gazzetta Chimica Italiana in 1989.Electric Literature of C16H16O3 This article mentions the following:

Prochiral precursors, I and II, of (+)-Ketoprofen and (+)-Naproxen are hydrogenated in the presence of various Rh(I) complexes of chiral dephenylphosphines and diphenylphosphinites. Four ligands are derived from the monosaccharides, D-glucose, D-xylose, D-galactose, and L-arabinose. The optical yields (e.e.s. in %) varied from 10-50%, indicating that none of the substrates I and II behave as bidentate ligand within any of the examined catalytic species. The highest e.e. (45%) was obtained with II using the Rh(I) complex of chiral phosphine III as catalyst. No double asym. induction, e.g., with amide IV, has been reached when hydrogenation with the diastereomer of III was tried. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(3-(Hydroxy(phenyl)methyl)phenyl)propanoic acid (cas: 59960-32-6Electric Literature of C16H16O3).

2-(3-(Hydroxy(phenyl)methyl)phenyl)propanoic acid (cas: 59960-32-6) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Electric Literature of C16H16O3

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts