Author: tianli

Preliminary study on the effect of using heat-not-burn tobacco products on indoor air quality was written by Yu, Seong-Ji;Kwon, Min-Ku;Choi, Wonsik;Son, Youn-Suk. And the article was included in Environmental Research in 2022.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

In this study, the effect of the use of heat-not-burn (HnB) products on indoor air quality (IAQ) was evaluated. To do this, the concentrations of nicotine, propylene glycol (PG), and vegetable glycerin (VG) directly emitted when using HnB products were analyzed and compared to those from conventional cigarettes. Furthermore, the levels of VOCs, aldehydes, nanoparticle, and particulate matter (PM) detected when subjects used HnB products in the exposure chamber were evaluated the effect on IAQ. As a result, the range of nicotine levels transferred by HnB products (0.8-1.2 mg cigarette^-1) is lower than that by conventional cigarettes (2.4-3.6 mg cigarette^-1). On the other hand, the range of VG levels emitted from HnB products (3.1-5.9 mg cigarette^-1) were higher than that emitted from conventional cigarettes (0.6-3.0 mg cigarette^-1). In addition, although the amount generated from HnB products was small compared to those from conventional cigarettes, various kinds of VOCs, aldehydes, nanoparticle and PM were produced, and these were confirmed to affect IAQ. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks).

1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Visible-Light-Driven Reductive Carboarylation of Styrenes with CO₂ and Aryl Halides was written by Wang, Hao;Gao, Yuzhen;Zhou, Chunlin;Li, Gang. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2020.COA of Formula: C12H16BBrO2 This article mentions the following:

The first example of visible-light-driven reductive carboarylation of styrenes with CO₂ and aryl halides in a regioselective manner has been achieved. A broad range of aryl iodides and bromides were compatible with this reaction. Moreover, pyridyl halides, alkyl halides, and even aryl chlorides were also viable with this method. These findings may stimulate the exploration of novel visible-light-driven Meerwein arylation-addition reactions with user-friendly aryl halides as the radical sources and the photocatalytic utilization of CO₂. Thus, e.g., reaction of 1,1-diphenylethylene with PhI and CO₂ under blue light in presence of [Ir(ppy)₂(dtbbpy)]PF₆ photocatalyst and hydrogen atom transfer catalyst DABCO with HCO₂K as terminal reductant and K₂CO₃ as base in DMSO followed by methylation afforded I (82%, 78% isolated). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 68716-49-4COA of Formula: C12H16BBrO2).

2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 68716-49-4) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.COA of Formula: C12H16BBrO2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Chemometric-assisted cocrystallization: supervised pattern recognition for predicting the formation of new functional cocrystals was written by Fornari, Fabio;Montisci, Fabio;Bianchi, Federica;Cocchi, Marina;Carraro, Claudia;Cavaliere, Francesca;Cozzini, Pietro;Peccati, Francesca;Mazzeo, Paolo P.;Riboni, Nicolo;Careri, Maria;Bacchi, Alessia. And the article was included in Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems in 2022.Name: 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol This article mentions the following:

Owing to their antimicrobial and insecticide properties, the use of natural compounds like essential oils and their active components has proven to be an effective alternative to synthetic chems. in different fields ranging from drug delivery to agriculture and from nutrition to food preservation. Their limited application due to the high volatility and scarce water solubility can be expanded by using crystal engineering approaches to tune some properties of the active mol. by combining it with a suitable partner mol. (coformer). However, the selection of coformers and the exptl. effort required for discovering cocrystals are the bottleneck of cocrystal engineering. This study explores the use of chemometrics to aid the discovery of cocrystals of active ingredients suitable for various applications. Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Anal. is used to discern cocrystals from binary mixtures based on the mol. features of the coformers. For the first time a dataset comprising also failed cocrystn. experiments and a variety of chem. diverse compounds was utilized. The proposed methodol. resulted in a successful prediction rate of 85% for the test set in the model validation phase and of 74% for the external validation set. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2Name: 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol).

5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Name: 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Dietary yeast culture facilitates the growth, immune response, digestive enzyme activity, intestinal microbiota and disease resistance against Vibrio harveyi of hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus x Epinephelus lanceolatus ) was written by Wang, Qi;Ayiku, Stephen;Liu, Hongyu;Tan, Beiping;Dong, Xiaohui;Chi, Shuyan;Yang, Qihui;Zhang, Shuang;Zhou, Wenhao. And the article was included in Aquaculture Research in 2022.Application of 137-08-6 This article mentions the following:

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of yeast culture (YC) supplementation at different levels (0%, 2% and 4%) on the growth, immune response, digestive enzyme activity, intestinal morphol. and microbiota of hybrid grouper. After 56 days feeding trial, the results showed that the weight gain rate, specific growth rate, survival rate and protein efficiency rate of hybrid grouper were significantly improved, and the feed conversion ratio of hybrid grouper in the 4% group (p < 0.05) was significantly reduced. The serum total protein, acid phosphatase, alk. phosphatase and lysozyme of hybrid grouper in the 4% group were significantly higher than those in the control group, while the alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase and malondialdehyde were significantly lower than those in the control group (p < 0.05). YC treatment significantly enhanced the trypsin, lipase and amylase activities (p < 0.05). Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes constituted the dominant phylum in grouper intestine. The relative abundance of Sphingomonas, Stenotrophomonas and Phyllobacterium in the YC groups was higher than that in the control group. The length and width of intestinal villi of grouper fed with YC diets were improved (p < 0.05). The protection against V. harveyi challenge in hybrid grouper was enhanced after YC treatment group, and the hybrid groupers fed with 4% YC diets experienced the highest cumulative survival rate of 67%. All these results suggested that the supplementation of 4% YC diets improved the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, intestinal morphol., microbiota and disease resistance against V. harveyi of hybrid grouper. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6Application of 137-08-6).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Application of 137-08-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

A protein-free chemically defined medium for the cultivation of various micro-organisms with food safety significance was written by Wang, D.;Greenwood, P.;Klein, M. S.. And the article was included in Journal of Applied Microbiology in 2021.Application of 137-08-6 This article mentions the following:

To develop a broadly applicable medium free of proteins with well-defined and reproducible chem. composition for the cultivation of various micro-organisms with food safety significance. The defined medium was designed as a buffered minimal salt medium supplemented with amino acids, vitamins, trace metals and other nutrients. Various strains commonly used for food safety research were selected to test the new defined medium. We investigated single growth factors needed by different strains and the growth performance of each strain cultivated in the defined medium. Results showed that the tested strains initially grew slower in the defined medium compared to tryptic soy broth, but after an overnight incubation cultures from the defined medium reached adequately high cell densities. The newly designed defined medium can be widely applied in food safety studies that require media with well-defined chem. constituents. Significance and Impact of the Study : Defined media are important in studies of microbial metabolites and physiol. properties. A defined medium capable of cultivating different strains simultaneously is needed in the food safety area. The new defined medium has broader applications in comparing different strains directly and provides more reproducible results. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6Application of 137-08-6).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Application of 137-08-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Nickel-catalyzed α-alkylation of ketones with benzyl alcohols was written by Wu, Di;Wang, Yubin;Li, Min;Shi, Lei;Liu, Jichang;Liu, Ning. And the article was included in Applied Organometallic Chemistry in 2022.Recommanded Product: 873-76-7 This article mentions the following:

An efficient method for α-alkylation of ketones with benzyl alcs. using the pyridine-bridged pincer-type N-heterocyclic carbenes nickel complexes as catalysts is reported. A wide range of ketones and benzyl alcs. were efficiently converted into various alkylated products in moderate to high yields. In addition, these nickel complexes were also successfully applied for the synthesis of a wide range of quinoline derivatives In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7Recommanded Product: 873-76-7).

(4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Recommanded Product: 873-76-7

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Polymer microparticles with a cavity designed for transarterial chemo-embolization with crystalline drug formulations was written by Karina, Aigerim;Benzina, Abderazak;Tazhibayeva, Samal;Fan, Haiyan;Koole, Levinus H.. And the article was included in Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, Part B: Applied Biomaterials in 2021.Reference of 109-17-1 This article mentions the following:

Transarterial chemo-embolization with drug-eluting embolic beads (DEB-TACE) is still evolving. Recent developments include the introduction of radiopaque (X-ray imageable) drug-eluting particles. Here, we report on conceptually different radiopaque polymeric drug-eluting embolic particles, which are (i), cross-linked poly(methacrylates); (ii), radiopaque; (iii), microporous. Furthermore, the particles are not perfectly spherical: they have a large indentation in the sense that they are either a spherical/cup-shaped or ellipsoid/mouth-shaped. The micropores and the large indentation can confer useful features upon the particles, since they can be filled with a crystalline lipophilic chemotherapeutic drug. It is important, in this respect that (i), many potent chemotherapeutics are lipophilic and crystalline; (ii), available drug-eluting beads (DEBs) have the limitation that they can only be used in combination with water-soluble chemotherapeutic agents. Cup- and mouth-shaped particles were obtained in a Cu(0) catalyzed free-radical polymerization reaction. The microparticles could be charged with crystalline drug, in such a manner that the crystals reside in both the micropores and the large cavity, and in quantities that would be required for effective local chemotherapy. The antifungal drug voriconazole, lipophilic, and crystalline, was used to demonstrate this. We believe that the ability of the microporous/cavitated DEBs to carry lipophilic chemotherapeutic drugs is especially important. DEB-TACE is likely to become a cornerstone method of interventional oncol. in the years ahead, and the new embolic particles described herein hold the promise of becoming scope widening for the technique. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1Reference of 109-17-1).

((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Reference of 109-17-1

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

A photocleavable stabilizer for the preparation of PHEMA nanogels by dispersion polymerization in supercritical carbon dioxide was written by Alaimo, David;Grignard, Bruno;Kuppan, Chandrasekar;Adriaensen, Yasmine;Genet, Michel J.;Dupont-Gillain, Christine;Gohy, Jean-Francois;Fustin, Charles-Andre;Detrembleur, Christophe;Jerome, Christine. And the article was included in Polymer Chemistry in 2017.Quality Control of 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol This article mentions the following:

A new photo-sensitive diblock copolymer composed of a hydrophilic sequence of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) linked to a CO₂-philic sequence of poly(1H,1H,2H,2H-heptadecafluorodecyl acrylate) (PFDA) by a light sensitive o-nitrobenzyl group was successfully synthesized by RAFT polymerization and used as a stabilizer for the free radical polymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) dispersion in α,α,α-trifluorotoluene and supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO₂). Thanks to this fluorinated stabilizer, well-defined particles of PHEMA down to 350 nm diameter were produced in scCO₂. Advantageously, the photocleavable group at the block junction of the stabilizer could be cleaved by exposing the particles to UV light so that the fluorinated block could be extracted in TFT or scCO₂. As supported by XPS anal., up to 80% of the fluorinated block of the stabilizer can be removed, leading to efficient swelling and dispersion of the resulting PHEMA nanogels in water. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9Quality Control of 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol).

3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Quality Control of 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Diazoacetates as Terminating Agents in Living Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization: Synthesis of Chain-End-Functionalized Polymers was written by Wang, Xin;Sun, Yichen;Yao, Xing-Qi;Xu, Yan;Wang, Jianbo. And the article was included in Macromolecules (Washington, DC, United States) in 2022.Computed Properties of C10H20O This article mentions the following:

We report herein a simple, efficient strategy to access diverse end-functionalized polymers from a living ring-opening metathesis polymerization process using diazoacetates as a new terminating agent. Such a terminating process occurs via a C=C bond-forming reaction between the chain-end ruthenium carbenes and the diazoacetates, resulting in the rapid construction of a unique, α,β-unsaturated carbonyl motif at more than 95% of the chain end within 5 min. A variety of easily accessible and diversely substituted diazoacetates could be used, allowing for the facile introduction of an addnl. panel of useful functionalities at the polymer chain end. Diverse postpolymn. modifications, including Michael addition, “click” reaction, and chain extension, have been further demonstrated. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5Computed Properties of C10H20O).

(1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Computed Properties of C10H20O

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylation of Allylic Chlorides to β,γ-Unsaturated Esters/Amides under Mild Conditions was written by Wang, Peng;Cao, Zhusong.;Wang, Yaxin X.;Neumann, Helfried;Beller, Matthias. And the article was included in European Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2022.Name: (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol This article mentions the following:

Improved procedures for carbonylative transformations (alkoxy- and aminocarbonylation) of cinnamyl chloride to synthesize β,γ-unsaturated esters/amides have been developed. Studying critical reaction parameters (palladium precursors, solvents and bases) enabled the practical preparation of diverse β,γ-unsaturated esters/amides under mild conditions (low Pd catalyst loading, phosphine-free, 2 bar CO, 60°C). The optimal catalytic system shows excellent chemo- and regioselectivity for the activation of the allylic C-Cl bonds. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7Name: (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol).

(4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Name: (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts