Month: February 2023

From Deep Eutectic Solvents to Nitrogen-rich Ordered Mesoporous Carbons: A Powerful Host for the Immobilization of Palladium Nanoparticles in the Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols was written by Zahra Alizadeh, Seyedeh;Karimi, Babak;Vali, Hojatollah. And the article was included in ChemCatChem in 2022.Name: (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol This article mentions the following:

The preparation of a nitrogen-rich ordered mesoporous carbon (DNOMC) with three-dimensional cubic structure was established via carbonization of a green, inexpensive and safe deep eutectic solvent consisting of choline chloride salt and D-glucose in the presence of KIT-6 template for the first time. The materials were characterized by TEM, N₂ adsorption-desorption anal., XPS, TGA, CHN, and FT-IR. The DNOMC was shown to be a powerful support for the immobilization of palladium nanoparticles. The Pd@DNOMC catalyst exhibited high activity in the selective aerobic oxidation of various activated and non-activated primary and secondary benzylic as well as linear and cyclic aliphatic alcs. to the corresponding carboxylic acids RCOOH [R = hexyl, Ph, 4-MeC₆H₄, etc.] and ketones R¹C(O)R² [R¹ = Me, Ph; R² = Me, pentyl, hexyl; R¹R² = (CH₂)₆, (CH₂)₇] in pure water under mol. oxygen. The catalyst system could successfully be reused at least ten times without any significant decrease in either activity or selectivity. It was worth noting that, the hot filtration strongly showed that the catalyst worked in a boomerang-type catalyst pathway. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7Name: (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol).

(4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Name: (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

In situ formation of ligand and catalyst-application in ruthenium-catalyzed enantioselective reduction of ketones was written by Vaestilae, Patrik;Wettergren, Jenny;Adolfsson, Hans. And the article was included in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) in 2005.Quality Control of (S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol This article mentions the following:

The direct in situ formation of highly efficient ruthenium-catalysts for the asym. reduction of ketones was obtained by combining chiral ligand building blocks with a ruthenium precursor. A catalyst was formed from a pseudo-dipeptide generated in situ from N-[(1,1-dimethylethoxy)carbonyl]-L-alanine and (S)-1-amino-2-propanol and tetra(chloro)bis(p-cymene)diruthenium. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 171032-87-4Quality Control of (S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol).

(S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 171032-87-4) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Quality Control of (S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Antifibrotic mechanism of piceatannol in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice was written by Sheng, Hanjing;Lin, Gang;Zhao, Shengxian;Li, Weibin;Zhang, Zhaolin;Zhang, Weidong;Yun, Li;Yan, Xiaoyang;Hu, Hongyu. And the article was included in Frontiers in Pharmacology in 2022.Synthetic Route of C14H12O4 This article mentions the following:

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and fatal interstitial lung disease characterized by myofibroblast accumulation and extracellular matrix deposition, which lead to irreversible damage of the lung’s architecture and the formation of fibrotic lesions. IPF is also a sequela in serious patients with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The mol. mechanisms under pulmonary fibrosis remain unclear, and there is no satisfactory treatment currently available. Piceatannol (PIC) is a naturally occurring resveratrol analog found in a variety of dietary sources such as grapes, passion fruit, and white tea. It has been reported to inhibit liver fibroblast growth and exhibited various antitumor activities, although its role in pulmonary fibrosis has not been established yet. In the present study, we evaluated the anti-fibrotic role of PIC in bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Mice with BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis were treated with PIC, and fibrotic changes were measured by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining and hydroxyproline assay. Luciferase assay, Western blot assay, histol. anal., and immunofluorescence staining were used to evaluate the effect of PIC on fibroblast activation and autophagy in mouse embryonic fibroblast cells (NIH-3T3) and human lung fibroblast cells (HFL1). The anti-fibrotic mechanisms of PIC were either confirmed in vivo. Our results showed that PIC significantly alleviated the bleomycin-induced collagen deposition and myofibroblast accumulation. In vitro and in vivo studies indicated that PIC plays a role in activating autophagy in the process of anti-fibroblast activation. Further mechanism studies demonstrated that PIC can promote autophagy via inhibiting the TGF-β1-Smad3/ERK/ P38 signaling pathway, which leads to a decreased number of activated myofibroblasts. Our study demonstrated for the first time that PIC possesses the protective effects against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis due to the direct pulmonary protective effects which enhance the effect of autophagy in vitro and in vivo and finally leads to the decreased number of activated myofibroblasts. PIC may serve as a candidate compound for pulmonary fibrosis therapy and attenuates the sequelae of SARS-COV-2 pulmonary fibrosis. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6Synthetic Route of C14H12O4).

(E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Synthetic Route of C14H12O4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Synthesis and structure-activity relationship studies on novel 8-amino-3-[2-(4-fluorophenoxy)ethyl]-1,3-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-2,4-dione derivatives as anticonvulsant agents was written by Madaiah, M.;Prashanth, M. K.;Revanasiddappa, H. D.;Veeresh, B.. And the article was included in Medicinal Chemistry Research in 2013.COA of Formula: C11H21NO3 This article mentions the following:

A series of novel 8-amino-3-[2-(4-fluorophenoxy)ethyl]-1,3-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-2,4-dione derivatives was synthesized and their pharmacol. activity was determined with the objective to better understand their structure-activity relationship for anticonvulsant activity. All the compounds were evaluated for their possible anticonvulsant activity by maximal electroshock seizure (MES) test and their neurotoxic effects were determined by rotarod test. Majority of the compounds were active in MES tests. Compounds I [R = 4-MeC₆H₄NHCO, 3-MeC₆H₄NHCO, 2-CF₃C₆H₄NHCO] showed a significant and protective effect on seizure, when compared with standard drug phenytoin. The compounds having an amide bond showed moderate protective effect on MES induced seizures compared to sulfonamide. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, tert-Butyl (4-hydroxycyclohexyl)carbamate (cas: 224309-64-2COA of Formula: C11H21NO3).

tert-Butyl (4-hydroxycyclohexyl)carbamate (cas: 224309-64-2) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.COA of Formula: C11H21NO3

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Catalyst-Dependent Stereospecific [3,3]-Sigmatropic Rearrangement of Sulfoxide-Ynamides: Divergent Synthesis of Chiral Medium-Sized N,S-Heterocycles was written by Zhu, Guang-Yu;Zhou, Ji-Jia;Liu, Li-Gao;Li, Xiao;Zhu, Xin-Qi;Lu, Xin;Zhou, Jin-Mei;Ye, Long-Wu. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2022.SDS of cas: 2216-51-5 This article mentions the following:

Medium-sized N,S-heterocycles have received tremendous interest due to their biol. activities and potential medical applications. However, asym. synthesis of these compounds are extremely rare. Described herein is a catalyst-dependent [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement of sulfoxide-ynamides, enabling divergent and atom-economic synthesis of a series of valuable medium-sized N,S-heterocycles in moderate to good yields with broad substrate scope. Importantly, excellent enantioselectivities have been achieved via an unprecedented chirality-transfer. Moreover, theor. calculations are employed to elucidate the origins of the catalyst-dependent stereospecific [3,3]-rearrangement. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5SDS of cas: 2216-51-5).

(1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.SDS of cas: 2216-51-5

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Naturally occurring polyphenols as building blocks for supramolecular liquid crystals – substitution pattern dominates mesomorphism was written by Balszuweit, Jan;Blanke, Meik;Saccone, Marco;Mezger, Markus;Daniliuc, Constantin g.;Woelper, Christoph;Giese, Michael;Voskuhl, Jens. And the article was included in Molecular Systems Design & Engineering in 2021.Application In Synthesis of (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol This article mentions the following:

A modular supramol. approach towards hydrogen-bonded liquid crystalline assemblies based on naturally occurring polyphenols is reported. The combination of exptl. observations, crystallog. studies and semi-empirical analyses of the assemblies provides insight into the structure-property relationships of these materials. Here a direct correlation of the number of donor OH-groups as well as their orientation with the mesomorphic behavior is reported. We discovered that the number and orientation of the OH-groups have a stronger influence on the mesomorphic behavior of the supramol. assemblies than the connectivity (e.g. stilbenoid or chalconoid) of the hydrogen bond donors. Furthermore, the photo-switching behavior of selected complexes containing azopyridine ligands was investigated. This study will help future scientists to gain a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms and structure-property relationships of supramol. assemblies with mesomorphic behavior, which is still one of the major challenges in current science. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6Application In Synthesis of (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol).

(E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Application In Synthesis of (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Activation of H₂ and CO by sulfur-rich nickel model complexes for [NiFe] hydrogenases and CO dehydrogenases was written by Sellmann, Dieter;Prakash, Raju;Heinemann, Frank W.. And the article was included in European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry in 2004.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Reactions of the trinuclear complexes [Ni(^RS₃)]₃ [^HS₃^2- = bis(2-mercaptophenyl)sulfide(2-) (1a) or ^siS₃^2- = bis(2-mercapto-3-trimethylsilylphenyl)sulfide(2-) (1b)] with nucleophiles L (L = NHPnPr₃, NHPCy₃, NHSPh₂, PnPr₃) afforded the corresponding mononuclear complexes [Ni(L)(^RS₃)] [R = si = SiMe₃; L = NHPnPr₃ (2b); L = NHPCy₃ (3a,b); L = NHSPh₂ (4a,b); L = PnPr₃ (5a)]. X-ray structural determinations showed that 2b, 3a, 3b, 4a, and 5a exhibit tetrahedrally distorted planar [Ni(L)(^RS₃)] fragments. Complex 2b dimerizes through intermol. N-H…N hydrogen bonding. In contrast to 2b, complexes 3a and 4a exhibit intramol. hydrogen bonds between thiol groups and NH protons. Complexes 2-4 possess weakly acidic NH protons and undergo D⁺/NH exchange reactions with D₂O or CD₃OD. Complexes 2-4 and [Ni(StBu)(^RS₃)]^– (9a,b) also catalyze D₂/H^– exchange in [D₈]THF/H₂O under an elevated pressure of D₂ (18 bar), as confirmed by ¹H NMR spectroscopy. It is proposed that D₂ heterolysis is achieved through attack of the Lewis-acidic nickel centers and the Broensted-basic sulfur atoms at an η²-D₂ ligand. Complexes 9a and 9b are the first sulfur-only nickel complexes that enable the modeling of the [NiFe] hydrogenase catalyzed D₂/H⁺ exchange reaction. Evidence for labile five-coordinate [Ni(CO)(L)(^RS₃)] has been found in the reaction between [Ni(L)(^RS₃)] complexes and CO. The CO adducts of complexes with nitrogenous ligands L such as N₃^–, NHPR₃ (R = nPr₃, Cy₃), or NHSPh₂ showed rapid consecutive reactions. The reaction between Et₄N[Ni(N₃)(^siS₃)] (8b) and CO gave Et₄N[Ni(NCO)(^siS₃)] (10b), whereas reactions between 2-4 and CO afforded only 1a or 1b. Mechanisms are suggested which have the formation of reactive five-coordinated [Ni(CO)(L)(^RS₃)] intermediates in common. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate (cas: 29364-29-2Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks).

Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate (cas: 29364-29-2) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Single Pd-S_x Sites In Situ Coordinated on CdS Surface as Efficient Hydrogen Autotransfer Shuttles for Highly Selective Visible-Light-Driven C-N Coupling was written by Niu, Feng;Tu, Wenguang;Lu, Xinxin;Chi, Haoqiang;Zhu, Heng;Zhu, Xi;Wang, Lu;Xiong, Yujie;Yao, Yingfang;Zhou, Yong;Zou, Zhigang. And the article was included in ACS Catalysis in 2022.Quality Control of (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol This article mentions the following:

Selective synthesis of valuable secondary amines through N-alkylation of amines with alcs. is an important reaction in the modern industry but still remains a challenge in the chem. synthesis technique. Hereby, we report the visible-light-driven photocatalytic N-alkylation of aniline with benzyl alc. over defined single Pd species in situ coordinated on a CdS surface. Encouragingly, an aniline conversion of 100% and an almost 100% product selectivity toward the secondary amine N-benzylaniline are obtained with impressive H₂ production (11.8 mmol g_cat^-1 h^-1). The mechanistic studies reveal that the single Pd-S_x species on the CdS surface can trap photogenerated electrons to endow them with a long lifetime to benefit the vibrational coupling of the hydrogen adsorption on Pd-S_x species and then can serve as an efficient hydrogen autotransfer shuttle for the hydrogenation process toward the formation of the secondary amine N-benzylaniline. In addition, the present catalyst possesses good substrate tolerance for photocatalytic N-alkylation of different alcs. and substituted amines under optimized conditions. This work offers an alternative solar-driven catalytic system for the N-alkylation industry under mild conditions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7Quality Control of (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol).

(4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Quality Control of (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Ca pre-rinse greatly increases plaque and plaque fluid F was written by Vogel, G. L.;Schumacher, G. E.;Chow, L. C.;Takagi, S.;Carey, C. M.. And the article was included in Journal of Dental Research in 2008.Related Products of 5743-47-5 This article mentions the following:

Previous studies demonstrated that a Ca pre-treatment greatly increases salivary F from a subsequent NaF rinse. This study examines if these increases are found in plaque and plaque fluid F. Thirteen individuals accumulated plaque before rinsing with: (1) 12 mmol/L NaF (228 μg/g F), (2) 150 mmol/L Ca rinse, or (3) the Ca rinse followed by the F rinse. One hr later, plaque samples were collected, the plaque fluid was recovered, and the plaque residues were extracted 5 times with pH 6.8 or pH 4.8 buffers, and then by acid. The F in each extract after the Ca rinse/F rinse greatly exceeded the corresponding F from the NaF rinse. Consequently, the Ca rinse/F rinse increased the total plaque F and the plaque fluid F by 12x and 5x, compared with the NaF rinse alone. These and the previous salivary results suggest that a Ca pre-treatment may increase the cariostatic effects of topical F agents. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate pentahydrate (cas: 5743-47-5Related Products of 5743-47-5).

Calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate pentahydrate (cas: 5743-47-5) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Related Products of 5743-47-5

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Silver/Palladium Relay Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of N’-Acetyl-8-quinolinesulfonylhydrazide with Alcohols: An Easy Access to 8-Quinolinesulfinate Esters was written by Yadav, Anamika;Ambule, Mayur D.;Kant, Ruchir;Srivastava, Ajay K.. And the article was included in European Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2020.Quality Control of (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol This article mentions the following:

An efficient strategy for the synthesis of unexplored 8-quinolinesulfinate esters has been reported. The method involves in situ generation of quinoline sulfinate from N’-acetylquinoline-8-sulfonohydrazide via silver mediated cleavage followed by palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling with 1° and 2° alcs. to yield sulfinate esters. A variety of substituted alcs. were successfully employed in the reaction. Control experiments performed to understand the mechanism, revealed that the transformation follows a radical pathway and the alc. oxygen get incorporated in the resulting sulfinate esters. Two of the chirally pure alcs. were also used in the transformation to study the diastereoselectivity in the reaction. In order to demonstrate the synthetic utility, a representative allyl quinoline-8-sulfinate (I) was successfully converted into the 8-(allylsulfonyl)quinoline (II) via palladium(II) acetate mediated isomerization. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8Quality Control of (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol).

(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Quality Control of (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts