Month: February 2023

Effect of vitamins and metal ions on productivity and charge heterogeneity of IgG1 expressed in CHO cells was written by Gangwar, Neelesh;Mishra, Rishabh;Budholiya, Niharika;Rathore, Anurag S.. And the article was included in Biotechnology Journal in 2021.Reference of 137-08-6 This article mentions the following:

Recombinant monoclonal antibodies have emerged as the most successful modality of biotherapeutics. They are primarily expressed in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells. It is well known that post-translational modifications (PTM) contribute significantly to heterogeneity with respect to charge, glycosylation, and size. These attributes in turn impact stability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of the biotherapeutic product. Cell culture media components are known to significantly contribute to both cellular productivity as well as post-translational modifications. Thus, it is highly desirable to understand how media components affect product quality. This study aims to explore the impact of vitamins and metal ions on protein expression and post-translational modifications specifically charge heterogeneity. Biotin, choline chloride, D-calcium pantothenate, folic acid, pyridoxine hydrochloride, thiamine hydrochloride vitamins and Fe, Cu, Mg, Co, Zn, Mn, Ni metal ions were examined in this study. The results indicate that pyridoxine enhances productivity while Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, and biotin impact charge heterogeneity. While, Fe, Mn and Ni enhance production of the acidic variants, Cu and biotin inhibit it. Zn reduces formation of basic variants while biotin enhances it. The results from this investigation could be used for process control so as to get consistent charge variant profile, in particular for biosimilars. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6Reference of 137-08-6).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Reference of 137-08-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Exposure to Contaminated River Water is Associated with Early Hatching and Dysregulation of Gene Expression in Early Life Stages of the Endangered Copper Redhorse (Moxostoma hubbsi) was written by Marchand, H.;Barst, B. D.;Boulanger, E.;Vachon, N.;Houde, M.;Xia, J.;Liu, P.;Ewald, J. D.;Bayen, S.;Liu, L.;Head, J. A.. And the article was included in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry in 2022.Recommanded Product: 499-75-2 This article mentions the following:

The copper redhorse (Moxostoma hubbsi) is an endangered fish that spawns exclusively in the Richelieu River (Quebec, Canada). Tributaries of the Richelieu are contaminated with high levels of current-use pesticides, which may impact early-life stage (ELS) copper redhorse and other native fishes. We assessed the effects of exposure to contaminated river water on ELS copper redhorse and river redhorse (Moxostoma carinatum), a related fish that shares the copper redhorse’s spawning grounds and nursery habitat. A riverside flow-through system was used to expose copper and river redhorse embryos (1000 each) to Richelieu River water or laboratory water as a control. Fish were maintained until 14 days posthatch, and water samples were taken daily for chem. anal. Following a heavy rain event, concentrations of two neonicotinoid pesticides, clothianidin and thiamethoxam, exceeded water quality guidelines for aquatic life (20 ng/L). Using nontargeted screening, we tentatively identified an addnl. 24 pharmaceutical and personal care products and 23 pesticides in river water. Effects of river water on ELS fish were observed in both species, but the copper redhorse appeared to be more sensitive. Fish exposed to river water hatched 10.7 (copper redhorse) and 2.4 (river redhorse) cumulative degree days earlier than controls. Copper redhorse survival was significantly lower in river water (73 ± 16%) compared to laboratory water (93 ± 3%), whereas river redhorse survival was similar between treatments (84 ± 6% and 89 ± 4%, resp.). Sequencing of copper redhorse larvae RNA revealed 18 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) following 14 days of exposure to river water. Eight up-regulated DEGs were linked to immune function and injury response, and seven down-regulated DEGs were involved with digestion and nutrient absorption. The present study provided valuable data on the effects of ELS exposure to a real-world mixture of contaminants in two fish species of concern. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2Recommanded Product: 499-75-2).

5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Recommanded Product: 499-75-2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Effects of dietary tributyrin on growth performance, body composition, serum biochemical indexes and lipid metabolism-related genes expression of juvenile large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) fed with high level soybean oil diets was written by Xu, Ning;Ding, Tao;Liu, Yongtao;Zheng, Weiqiang;Liu, Qiangde;Yin, Zhaoyang;Xiang, Xiaojun;Xu, Dan;Mai, Kangsen;Ai, Qinghui. And the article was included in Aquaculture Nutrition in 2021.Application of 137-08-6 This article mentions the following:

A 10-wk feed trial was conducted to investigate the effects of tributyrin (TB) supplementation on growth performance, body composition, serum biochem. indexes and lipid metabolism-related genes expression of juvenile large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) fed diets containing high level of soybean oil. In the neg. control group, 80 g/kg fish oil was used as the only lipid source (FO group), while in the pos. control group, 20 g/kg fish oil and 60 g/kg soybean oil were used as the lipid source (FS group). Based on the pos. control diet, grade levels of 1, 2, 4 and 8 g/kg tributyrin were added, resp. Results showed that compared with the neg. control group, high level of dietary soybean oil significantly decreased the growth performance and increased the liver lipids deposition of juvenile large yellow croaker. Compared with the pos. control group, supplementation of 2 g/kg tributyrin significantly increased the growth performance and reduced the liver triglycerides and serum cholesterol content of juvenile large yellow croaker. Supplementation of 4 g/kg tributyrin significantly decreased liver triglycerides and serum cholesterol and free fatty acids content of juvenile large yellow croaker. Moreover, supplementation of 2 and 4 g/kg tributyrin significantly decreased the expression of acc, srebp-1, and pparγ and significantly increased the expression of cpt1. Results of the present study indicated that moderate tributyrin supplementation in diet containing high level of soybean oil could promote growth performance and reduce liver fat accumulation and hyperlipidemia of cultured juvenile large yellow croaker, which could be due to the decrease in lipogenesis-related genes expression and the increase in lipid oxidation-related genes expression. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6Application of 137-08-6).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Application of 137-08-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

A general carbonyl alkylative amination for tertiary amine synthesis was written by Kumar, Roopender;Floden, Nils J.;Whitehurst, William G.;Gaunt, Matthew J.. And the article was included in Nature (London, United Kingdom) in 2020.Electric Literature of C11H14ClN This article mentions the following:

The ubiquity of tertiary alkylamines in pharmaceutical and agrochem. agents, natural products and small-mol. biol. probes has stimulated efforts towards their streamlined synthesis. Arguably the most robust method for the synthesis of tertiary alkylamines is carbonyl reductive amination, which comprises two elementary steps: the condensation of a secondary alkylamine with an aliphatic aldehyde to form an all-alkyl-iminium ion, which is subsequently reduced by a hydride reagent. Direct strategies were sought for a ‘higher order’ variant of this reaction via the coupling of an alkyl fragment with an alkyl-iminium ion that was generated in situ. However, despite extensive efforts, the successful realization of a ‘carbonyl alkylative amination’ has not yet been achieved. Here the authors present a practical and general synthesis of tertiary alkylamines through the addition of alkyl radicals to all-alkyl-iminium ions. The process is facilitated by visible light and a silane reducing agent, which trigger a distinct radical initiation step to establish a chain process. This operationally straightforward, metal-free and modular transformation forms tertiary amines, without structural constraint, via the coupling of aldehydes and secondary amines with alkyl halides. The structural and functional diversity of these readily available precursors provides a versatile and flexible strategy for the streamlined synthesis of complex tertiary amines. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-1H-1,5-methanobenzo[d]azepine hydrochloride (cas: 230615-52-8Electric Literature of C11H14ClN).

2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-1H-1,5-methanobenzo[d]azepine hydrochloride (cas: 230615-52-8) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Electric Literature of C11H14ClN

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Bacteria incorporated with calcium lactate pentahydrate to improve the mortar properties and self-healing occurrence was written by Chaerun, Siti Khodijah;Syarif, Ridwan;Wattimena, Ridho Kresna. And the article was included in Scientific Reports in 2020.Synthetic Route of C6H20CaO11 This article mentions the following:

Concrete can be harmful to the environment due to its high energy consumption and CO₂ emission and also has a potential crack formation, which can promote a drop in its strength. Therefore, concrete is considered as a non-sustainable material. The mechanisms by which bacterial oxidation of organic carbon can precipitate calcite that may fill the voids and cracks on cement-based materials have been extensively investigated to prevent and heal the micro-cracks formation. Hence, this study focused on utilizing a new alkaliphilic bacterial strain indigenous to an Indonesian site, Lysinibacillus sphaericus strain SKC/VA-1, incorporated with calcium lactate pentahydrate, as a low-cost calcium source, with various bacterial inoculum concentrations The bacterium was employed in this study due to its ability to adapt to basic pH, thus improving the phys. properties and rejuvenating the micro-cracks. Exptl., the addition of calcium lactate pentahydrate slightly affected the mortar properties. Likewise, bacteria-incorporated mortar exhibited an enhancement in the phys. properties of mortar. The highest improvement of mech. properties (an increase of 45% and 36% for compressive and indirect tensile strength, resp.) was achieved by the addition of calcium lactate pentahydrate incorporated with 10% volume/volume bacterial inoculum [about 7 × 107 CFU/mL (colony-forming unit/mL)]. The self-healing took place more rapidly on bacterial mortar supplemented with calcium lactate pentahydrate than on the control specimen. XRD anal. demonstrated that the mineralogical composition of self-healing precipitates was primarily dominated by calcite (CaCO₃), indicating the capacity of L. sphaericus strain SKC/VA-1 to precipitate calcite through organic carbon oxidation for self-healing the artificial crack on the mortar. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the potential utilization of the bacterium L. sphaericus incorporated with calcium lactate pentahydrate to increase the mortar properties, including its self-healing ability. However, further study with the water-cement ratio variation is required to investigate the possibility of using L. sphaericus and calcium lactate pentahydrate as an alternative method rather than reducing the water-cement ratio to enhance the mortar properties. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate pentahydrate (cas: 5743-47-5Synthetic Route of C6H20CaO11).

Calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate pentahydrate (cas: 5743-47-5) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Synthetic Route of C6H20CaO11

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Reinvestigating FeBr₃-Catalyzed Alcohol Oxidation with H₂O₂: Is High-valent Iron Species (HIS) or Reactive Brominating Species (RBS) Responsible for Alcohol Oxidation? was written by He, Chenxi;Ma, Foqing;Zhang, Wei;Tong, Rongbiao. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2022.Related Products of 873-76-7 This article mentions the following:

The in-situ generated RBS from the related FeBr₂/H₂O₂ or CeBr₃/H₂O₂ systems, (2) This results of a series of controlled experiments, and (3) some related RBS-based precedents (NBS, NBA, or Br₂) showing similar high oxidation selectivity of secondary over primary alcs. These studies enable to discover that RBS from CeBr₃/H₂O₂ was much more efficient for the oxidation of secondary and benzylic alcs., which represents a new green protocol for selective oxidation of alcs. to carbonyls. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7Related Products of 873-76-7).

(4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Related Products of 873-76-7

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Synthesis, spectral characterization, SC-XRD, HSA, DFT and catalytic activity of a dioxidomolybdenum complex with aminosalicyl-hydrazone Schiff base ligand: An experimental and theoretical approach was written by Kargar, Hadi;Fallah-Mehrjardi, Mehdi;Behjatmanesh-Ardakani, Reza;Munawar, Khurram Shahzad;Ashfaq, Muhammad;Tahir, Muhammad Nawaz. And the article was included in Polyhedron in 2021.Computed Properties of C7H6Cl2O This article mentions the following:

A new dioxidomolybdenum(VI) complex has been successfully prepared by the reaction of an ONO donor Schiff base, derived by condensing 4-amino-2-hydroxybenzohydrazide and 3-methoxysalicylaldehyde, with MoO₂(acac)₂. The structures of synthesized products were explored spectroscopically through FT-IR, ¹H & ¹³C NMR and by elemental composition (CHN) through combustion anal. The structural investigations of the dioxidomolybdenum(VI) complex were accomplished by taking its diffraction data through X-ray crystallog. The tridentate Schiff base ligand is bonded to the central metal through its deprotonated enolic and phenolic oxygen atoms and by the nitrogen of the azomethine group. The interpretation of the data obtained through diffraction anal. validates the distorted octahedral geometry of the prepared metal complex. QTAIM, MEP and NCI calculations and Hirshfeld surface anal. were performed to investigate the nature and types of non-covalent linkages present among the sample mols. The theor. calculations, performed by DFT using the B3LYP/Def2-TZVP level of theory, direct that the intended outcomes are in compliance with the actual consequences. Furthermore, the catalytic potential of the molybdenum complex was explored for the selective oxidation of benzylic alcs. to the desirable aryl aldehydes at room temperature in the presence of 70% aqueous tert-Bu hydroperoxide (TBHP) under solvent-free conditions. The main advantage of the present catalytic work is the accomplishment of reaction in a short period of time, high percentage yield and easy work-out procedure. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8Computed Properties of C7H6Cl2O).

(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Computed Properties of C7H6Cl2O

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Investigation of mechanism-based thrombin inhibitors: Implications of a highly conserved water molecule for the binding of coumarins within the S pocket was written by Frederick, Raphael;Charlier, Caroline;Robert, Severine;Wouters, Johan;Masereel, Bernard;Pochet, Lionel. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2006.Product Details of 224309-64-2 This article mentions the following:

The synthesis of novel coumarins bearing on the lateral side chain in the 3-position an amine or a guanidine group is described. In vitro evaluation highlighted I which possesses a meta aniline side chain as a very potent THR inhibitor. Surprisingly, the introduction of a guanidine moiety always led to a decrease in THR inhibiting properties. We, thus, used docking experiments to rationalize the SAR in the series. This study showed the crucial role of a conserved water mol. in the specificity pocket of THR during docking simulation in order to explain the inactivity of guanidine derivatives In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, tert-Butyl (4-hydroxycyclohexyl)carbamate (cas: 224309-64-2Product Details of 224309-64-2).

tert-Butyl (4-hydroxycyclohexyl)carbamate (cas: 224309-64-2) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Product Details of 224309-64-2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Asymmetric hydrogenation of aromatic ketones catalyzed by achiral monophosphine TPPTS-stabilized Ru in ionic liquids was written by Wang, Jinbo;Feng, Jian;Qin, Ruixiang;Fu, Haiyan;Yuan, Maolin;Chen, Hua;Li, Xianjun. And the article was included in Tetrahedron: Asymmetry in 2007.Recommanded Product: 171032-87-4 This article mentions the following:

Ruthenium nanoparticles generated from ruthenium trichloride and TPPTS [3-(NaSO₃)C₆H₄]₃P and the nonracemic ligand I together act as a catalyst for the enantioselective hydrogenation of aralkyl ketones RCOR¹ (R = Ph, 2-BrC₆H₄, 2-ClC₆H₄, 2-FC₆H₄, 2-MeOC₆H₄, 4-F₃CC₆H₄, 4-MeOC₆H₄; R¹ = Me, Et) in mixtures of imidazolium ionic liquids and water to give nonracemic aralkyl alcs. RCH(OH)R¹ in 48-100% conversions and in 45-85% ee. The effect of temperature, of potassium hydroxide and water concentrations, and of ionic liquid on enantioselectivity and conversion are determined The aralkyl alcs. are easily separated from the catalyst by simple extraction with n-hexane. The catalyst solution in the ionic liquid can be reused six times with some loss in conversion but little loss in enantioselectivity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 171032-87-4Recommanded Product: 171032-87-4).

(S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 171032-87-4) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Recommanded Product: 171032-87-4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Highly efficient asymmetric hydrogenation of alkyl aryl ketones catalyzed by iridium complexes with chiral planar ferrocenyl phosphino-thioether ligands was written by Le Roux, Erwan;Malacea, Raluca;Manoury, Eric;Poli, Rinaldo;Gonsalvi, Luca;Peruzzini, Maurizio. And the article was included in Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis in 2007.Application In Synthesis of (S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol This article mentions the following:

Ir complexes of planar-chiral ferrocenyl phosphine-thioether ligands were tested in the hydrogenation of simple ketones. Optimization of the conditions led to a highly active catalytic system with turnover numbers up to 915 and turnover frequencies up to ∼250 h^-1. Also, very high enantioselectivities (up to > 99%) together with complete conversions were obtained for the asym. hydrogenation of various acetophenones at 10°. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 171032-87-4Application In Synthesis of (S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol).

(S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 171032-87-4) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Application In Synthesis of (S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts