Month: February 2023

Eco-friendly mechanochemical preparation of Ag2O-MnO2/graphene oxide nanocomposite: an efficient and reusable yst for the base-free, aerial oxidation of alcohols was written by Adil, Syed Farooq;Assal, Mohamed E.;Khan, Mujeeb;Shaik, Mohammed Rafi;Kuniyil, Mufsir;Sekou, Doumbia;Dewidar, Ahmed Z.;Al-Warthan, Abdulrahman;Siddiqui, Mohammed Rafiq H.. And the article was included in Catalysts in 2020.Reference of 1777-82-8 This article mentions the following:

Recently, the development of eco-friendly mechanochem. approaches for the preparation of novel ysts with enhanced activity and selectivity has gained considerable attention. Herein, we developed a rapid and solvent-less mechanochem. method for the preparation of mixed metal oxide (Ag₂O-MnO₂) decorated graphene oxide (GRO)-based nanocomposites (Ag₂O-MnO₂/(X weight%)GRO), as the Ag₂O-MnO₂/(X weight%)GRO nanocomposite was fabricated by the phys. grinding of freshly prepared GRO and pre-annealed (300°C) mixed metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) (Ag2O-MnO2) using an eco-friendly milling procedure. The as-prepared nanoysts were characterized by using various techniques. Furthermore, the nanocomposites were applied as a heterogeneous yst for the oxidation of alc. by employing gaseous O₂ as an eco-friendly oxidant under base-free conditions. The mechanochem. obtained GRO-based composite exhibited noticeable enhancement in the surface area and ytic performance compared to the pristine Ag₂O-MnO₂. The results revealed that (1%)Ag₂O-MnO₂/(5 weight%)GRO yst exhibited higher specific performance (13.3 mmol.g^-1.h^-1) with a 100% conversion of benzyl alc. (BnOH) and >99% selectivity towards benzaldehyde (BnH) within 30 min. The enhancement of the activity and selectivity of GRO-based nanoyst was attributed to the presence of various oxygen-containing functional groups, a large number of defects, and a high sp. surface area of GRO. In addition, the as-prepared nanoyst also demonstrated excellent ytic activity towards the conversion of a variety of other alcs. to resp. carbonyls under optimal conditions. Besides, the yst ((1%)Ag₂O-MnO₂/(5 weight%)GRO) could be efficiently recycled six times with no noticeable loss in its performance and selectivity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8Reference of 1777-82-8).

(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Reference of 1777-82-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Synthesis, Antifungal Activity, and 3D-QASR of Novel 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroquinoline Derivatives Containing a Pyrimidine Ether Scaffold as Chitin Synthase Inhibitors was written by Zhang, Xiaoming;Yang, Zhaokai;Xu, Huan;Liu, Yuansheng;Yang, Xinling;Sun, Tengda;Lu, Xingxing;Shi, Fasheng;Yang, Qing;Chen, Wei;Duan, Hongxia;Ling, Yun. And the article was included in Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry in 2022.Application of 499-75-2 This article mentions the following:

The introduction of active groups of natural products into the framework of pesticide mols. is an effective approach for discovering active lead compounds, and thus has been widely used in the development of new agrochems. In this work, a novel series of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline derivatives containing a pyrimidine ether scaffold were designed and synthesized by the active substructure splicing method. The new compounds showed good antifungal activities against several fungi. Especially, compound (I) displayed excellent in vitro activity against Valsa mali and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum with EC₅₀ values of 0.71 and 2.47 μg/mL, resp. I had slightly stronger inhibitory activity (68.08% at 50 μM) against chitin synthase (CHS) than that of polyoxin D (63.84% at 50 μM) and exhibited obvious curative and protective effects on S. sclerotiorumin vivo. Thus, I can be considered as a new candidate fungicide as a chitin synthase inhibitor. An accurate and reliable three-dimensional quant. structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) model presented a useful direction for the further excogitation of more highly active fungicides. Mol. docking revealed that the conventional hydrogen bond mainly affected the binding affinity of I with chitin synthase. The present results will provide a guidance to discover potential CHS-based fungicides for plant disease control in agriculture. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2Application of 499-75-2).

5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Application of 499-75-2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Discrimination and Characterization of the Volatile Organic Compounds in Schizonepetae Spica from Six Regions of China Using HS-GC-IMS and HS-SPME-GC-MS was written by Li, Chao;Wan, Huiying;Wu, Xinlong;Yin, Jiaxin;Zhu, Limin;Chen, Hanjiang;Song, Xinbo;Han, Lifeng;Yang, Wenzhi;Yu, Heshui;Li, Zheng. And the article was included in Molecules in 2022.Quality Control of (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol This article mentions the following:

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are the main chem. components of Schizonepetae Spica (SS), which have pos. effects on the quality evaluation of SS. In this study, HS-SPME-GC-MS (headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry) and HS-GC-IMS (headspace-gas chromatog.-ion mobility spectrometry) were performed to characterize the VOCs of SS from six different regions. A total of 82 VOCs were identified. In addition, this work compared the suitability of two instruments to distinguish SS from different habitats. The regional classification using orthogonal partial least squares discriminant anal. (OPLS-DA) shows that the HS-GC-IMS method can classify samples better than the HS-SPME-GC-MS. This study provided a reference method for identification of the SS from different origins. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5Quality Control of (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol).

(1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Quality Control of (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Design, Synthesis, and Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of a Series of [4-(4-Carboxamidobutyl)]-1-arylpiperazines: Insights into Structural Features Contributing to Dopamine D3 versus D2 Receptor Subtype Selectivity was written by Ananthan, Subramaniam;Saini, Surendra K.;Zhou, Guangyan;Hobrath, Judith V.;Padmalayam, Indira;Zhai, Ling;Bostwick, J. Robert;Antonio, Tamara;Reith, Maarten E. A.;McDowell, Shea;Cho, Eunie;McAleer, Leah;Taylor, Michelle;Luedtke, Robert R.. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2014.Related Products of 79651-64-2 This article mentions the following:

(Aroylaminobutyl)arylpiperazines such as I were prepared as antagonists or partial agonists of the dopamine D3 receptor selective for D3 receptors over the related dopamine D2 receptors for potential use in treatment of drug addiction and schizophrenia. The calculated lipophilicities of and inhibition of dopamine D3 and D2 receptors by (aroylaminobutyl)arylpiperazines was determined, and the inhibition of mutant and chimeric D3 receptors by selected compounds and the activities of selected compounds in functional assays in human cells were determined Mol. docking calculations of the structures of selected compounds bound to dopamine D3 receptors were performed; the mol. docking studies and evaluation against a set of chimeric and mutant receptors suggest that interactions at the extracellular end of TM7 contribute to the selectivity of the ligands for dopamine D3 receptors over dopamine D2 receptors. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (6-Aminopyridin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 79651-64-2Related Products of 79651-64-2).

(6-Aminopyridin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 79651-64-2) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Related Products of 79651-64-2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Polycationic Nanoparticles for siRNA Delivery: Comparing ARGET ATRP and UV-Initiated Formulations was written by Forbes, Diane C.;Peppas, Nicholas A.. And the article was included in ACS Nano in 2014.Product Details of 109-17-1 This article mentions the following:

In this work, we develop and evaluate polycationic nanoparticles for the delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA). Delivery remains a major challenge for translating siRNA to the clinic, and overcoming the delivery challenge requires effective siRNA delivery vehicles that meet the demands of the specific delivery strategy. Crosslinked polycationic nanoparticle formulations were synthesized using ARGET ATRP or UV-initiated polymerization The one-step, one-pot, surfactant-stabilized monomer-in-water synthesis technique may provide a simpler and faster alternative to complicated, multistep techniques and an alternative to methods that rely on toxic organic solvents. The polymer nanoparticles were synthesized using the cationic monomer 2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate, the hydrophobic monomer tert-Bu methacrylate to tune pH responsiveness, the hydrophilic monomer poly(ethylene glycol) Me ether methacrylate to improve biocompatibility, and crosslinking agent tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate to enhance colloidal stability. Four formulations were evaluated for their suitability as siRNA delivery vehicles in vitro with the human embryonic kidney cell line HEK293T or the murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7. The polycationic nanoparticles demonstrated efficient and rapid loading of the anionic siRNA following complexation. Confocal microscopy as well as flow cytometry anal. of cells treated with polycationic nanoparticles loaded with fluorescently labeled siRNA demonstrated that the polycationic nanoparticles promoted cellular uptake of fluorescently labeled siRNA. Knockdown experiments using polycationic nanoparticles to deliver siRNA demonstrated evidence of knockdown, thus demonstrating potential as an alternative route to creating polycationic nanoparticles. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1Product Details of 109-17-1).

((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Product Details of 109-17-1

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

O₂-Assisted Four-Component Reaction of Vinyl Magnesium Bromide with Chiral N-tert-Butanesulfinyl Imines To Form syn-1,3-Amino Alcohols was written by Wang, Runping;Luo, Jingfan;Zheng, Chunmei;Zhang, Hongyun;Gao, Lu;Song, Zhenlei. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2021.Name: 1-Boc-Azetidine-3-yl-methanol This article mentions the following:

An O₂-assisted, four-component reaction has been developed to synthesize a wide range of syn-1,3-amino alcs. in one step. The reaction proceeds by oxygenation of vinyl magnesium bromide (component-I) with O₂ (component-II) to give a magnesium enolate of acetaldehyde, which undergoes addition to a chiral N-tert-butanesulfinyl imine (component-III) followed by a sequential addition with excess vinyl magnesium bromide (component-IV). The approach allows diastereoselective synthesis of anti/syn- and syn/syn-3-amino-1,5-diols in good yields with high diastereoselectivity. The method was illustrated in an efficient, four-step synthesis of piperidine alkaloid (-)-2′-epi-ethylnorlobelol. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Boc-Azetidine-3-yl-methanol (cas: 142253-56-3Name: 1-Boc-Azetidine-3-yl-methanol).

1-Boc-Azetidine-3-yl-methanol (cas: 142253-56-3) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Name: 1-Boc-Azetidine-3-yl-methanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Liquid-crystal compounds. VIII. Methyl-substituted p-alkyl- and p-alkoxycinnamic acids and their cyanophenyl esters was written by Pavlyuchenko, A. I.;Smirnova, N. I.;Kovshev, E. I.;Titov, V. V.. And the article was included in Zhurnal Organicheskoi Khimii in 1976.SDS of cas: 15777-70-5 This article mentions the following:

P-RC6H4CH:CMeCO2H (I; R = Bu, pentyl, hexyl) were prepared in 18.4-21.1% yield by reaction of RC6H4CHO with MeCHBrCO2Et followed by hydrolysis; their p-cyanophenyl esters were prepared by standard procedures. The p-RC6H4CMe:CHCO2H (II; R = Bu, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl) were prepared in 20.1-25.0% yield by condensation of p-RC6H4COMe with HOAc; their p-cyanophenyl esters were also prepared Six III (R = Bu, heptyl; R1 = 2- and 3-Me, H; R2 = 2- and 3-Me, H) were also prepared by standard methods. In I, II, and III the temperature of clearing was lowered and the mesomorphic interval narrowed with respect to the unsubstituted compounds II have a wider mesomorphic range than p-alkylcinnamic acids. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Hydroxy-3-methylbenzonitrile (cas: 15777-70-5SDS of cas: 15777-70-5).

4-Hydroxy-3-methylbenzonitrile (cas: 15777-70-5) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.SDS of cas: 15777-70-5

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Biodiesel-derived glycerol as a dietary maize replacement for silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) during the fattening phase was written by Mauerwerk, Marlise Teresinha;Zadinelo, Izabel Volkweis;Dias, Patricia da Silva;Balen, Rafael Ernesto;Bombardelli, Robie Allan;Meurer, Fabio. And the article was included in Aquaculture Research in 2022.Product Details of 137-08-6 This article mentions the following:

The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of crude biodiesel-derived glycerol on the zootech. performance, carcass and fillet chem. composition, and blood parameters of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) during the fattening phase. A total of 150 adult silver catfish specimens (mean weight 188.89 ± 0.60 g) were distributed in thirty 1000 L-tanks containing a water recirculation system with mech. filter and biofilter, in a completely randomized design comprising six treatments, 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% maize replacement by glycerol, with five repetitions each. The experiment was conducted for 206 days. Silver catfish morphometric parameters were not influenced (p > 0.05) by the glycerol maize replacement, although silver catfish standard length and width exhibited linear improvements (p < 0.05) with the dietary glycerol replacement. Fillet yield was affected (p < 0.05) by glycerol maize replacement, where the 80% replacement treatment led to better fillet yields (46.04%), differing only from the 20% replacement treatment (42.40% fillet yields). The blood plasma levels of glucose, pyruvic glutamic transaminase and triglycerides were influenced by the treatments (p < 0.05). The crude protein of fillet was influenced by the treatments (p < 0.05), where the highest value was observed in 100% glycerol maize replacement. Therefore, crude glycerol derived from biodiesel production is a suitable alternative energy source ingredient for silver catfish during their fattening phase, as it can replace maize in up to 100%. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6Product Details of 137-08-6).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Product Details of 137-08-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Nanoscale Assembly of CdS/BiVO₄ Hybrids for Coupling Selective Fine Chemical Synthesis and Hydrogen Production under Visible Light was written by Shang, Feng-Kang;Qi, Ming-Yu;Tan, Chang-Long;Tang, Zi-Rong;Xu, Yi-Jun. And the article was included in ACS Physical Chemistry Au in 2022.Product Details of 873-76-7 This article mentions the following:

Simultaneously utilizing photogenerated electrons and holes in one photocatalytic system to synthesize value-added chems. and clean hydrogen (H₂) energy meets the development requirements of green chem. Herein, we report a binary material of CdS/BiVO₄ combining one-dimensional (1D) CdS nanorods (NRs) with two-dimensional (2D) BiVO₄ nanosheets (NSs) constructed through a facile electrostatic self-assembly procedure for the selectively photocatalytic oxidation of aromatic alcs. integrated with H₂ production, which exhibits significantly enhanced photocatalytic performance. Within 2 h, the conversion of aromatic alcs. over CdS/BiVO₄-25 was approx. 9-fold and 40-fold higher than that over pure CdS and BiVO₄, resp. The remarkably improved photoactivity of CdS/BiVO₄ hybrids is mainly ascribed to the Z-scheme charge separation mechanism in the 1D/2D heterostructure derived from the interface contact between CdS and BiVO₄, which not only facilitates the separation and transfer of charge carriers, but also maintains the strong reducibility of photogenerated electrons and strong oxidizability of photogenerated holes. It is anticipated that this work will further stimulate interest in the rational design of 1D/2D Z-scheme heterostructure photocatalysts for the selective fine chem. synthesis integrated with H₂ evolution. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7Product Details of 873-76-7).

(4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Product Details of 873-76-7

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Effect of graded levels of dietary emamectin benzoate on immunity, enzyme activity, and withdrawal period in Labeo rohita juveniles (Hamilton, 1822) was written by Choudhary, Pushpa;Swain, Priyabrat;Das, Rakesh;Sahoo, Satya Narayan;Das, Krushna Chandra;Patil, Prasanna Kumar;Mishra, Sudhansu Sekhar. And the article was included in Aquaculture Nutrition in 2022.Application In Synthesis of Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate This article mentions the following:

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary emamectin benzoate (EB) levels on immune responses, serum enzyme activities, and retention of EB in muscle tissue to establish the withdrawal period in rohu, Labeo rohita juveniles (avg. weight 18 ± 0.11 g). To ascertain this, 450 healthy L. rohita juveniles were fed with EB in graded doses viz., at 50 (1x), 125 (2.5x), 250 (5x), and 375 (7.5x) μg kg-1 of fish biomass day-1, resp., in triplicate for 21 days through a basal feed. Upon completion of 21 days, the same exptl. fish were fed with basal feed (without EB) for another 14 days to measure the retention of EB in the muscle tissue. Each 7-day interval, five fish were randomly sampled. The results showed that respiratory burst activity, myeloperoxidase activity, bacterial hemagglutination, and haemolysis activities were improved significantly (p < 0.05) in 1x and 2.5x dose fed group from 7th day onwards until 14th day. Few selected enzyme activities viz., LDH and ALP were found to be significantly (p < 0.05) high in the fish fed with EB at 5x and 7.5x dose compared to 1x. The LC-MS/MS study of the exptl. fish discloses that EB was retained in muscle tissue at a dose-dependent manner and significantly (p < 0.05) lowest level (0.341 ± 0.03 ppb) was retained in the fish fed with 1x dose of EB. Hence, 1x dose of EB may be adhered to treat L. rohita juveniles through feed with 14 days of withdrawal period. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6Application In Synthesis of Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Application In Synthesis of Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts