Month: February 2023

Study of dehydration and water states in new and worn soft contact lens materials was written by Krysztofiak, Katarzyna;Szyczewski, Andrzej. And the article was included in Optica Applicata in 2014.Application In Synthesis of ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) This article mentions the following:

The purpose of this study was to examine the in vitro dehydration characteristics of new and worn conventional and silicone-hydrogel contact lenses. Four contact lens materials were investigated: three conventional hydrogels (etafilcon, nelfilcon, omafilcon) and one silicone-hydrogel (narafilcon). Gravimetric data were obtained with anal. balance with 1 min intervals. Quant. parameters of water content and dehydration rate were calculated allowing quant. description of dehydration process. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to monitor changes in water states in samples studied. As expected, dehydration behavior of each material is different in terms of mean dehydration rate values and phases of dehydration. Gravimetric data allowed us to distinguish three phases of dehydration. Interestingly, the effect of the osmolality of storing solutions on dehydration was found – lenses stored in hyperosmotic solutions needed more time to achieve equilibrium with the environment. Effect of wearing on dehydration patterns and water properties was confirmed. In worn samples, a decrease in water content was observed Addnl., there was a change in water structure after 6 h of wearing in all lenses studied. This behavior may be ascribed to tear film components deposition and changes in surface wettability that appear during wearing. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1Application In Synthesis of ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate)).

((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Application In Synthesis of ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate)

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Rheological Properties of Zirconium Oxide Suspensions in Acrylate Monomers For Use In 3D Printing was written by Sokolov, P. S.;Komissarenko, D. A.;Dosovitskii, G. A.;Shmeleva, I. A.;Slyusar, I. V.;Dosovitskii, A. E.. And the article was included in Glass and Ceramics in 2018.Quality Control of Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate This article mentions the following:

The rheol. properties of highly concentrated suspensions consisting of nanocrystalline powders of zirconium oxide with monoclinic, tetragonal, and cubic modification (stabilized at molar content of yttrium oxide 4 and 8%) and liquid UV-photocured monomers of different nature were studied. The dynamic viscosity of the suspensions with the highest filling to 32% by volume was equal to 3 Pa · sec at shear rate 10 s ^-1 and of the order of 1 Pa · sec at 100 s ^-1 and 20°C. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate (cas: 4074-88-8Quality Control of Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate).

Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate (cas: 4074-88-8) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Quality Control of Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Smart hydrogels designed for use in microfabricated sensor arrays was written by Bates, Jeffrey S.;Cho, Seung Hei;Tathireddy, Prashant;Rieth, Loren W.;Magda, Jules J.. And the article was included in MRS Online Proceedings Library in 2013.Safety of ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) This article mentions the following:

Hydrogels are considered smart materials because they respond to environmental stimuli. Sensors that monitor the body’s pH levels would be helpful for doctors to determine the severity of a patient’s condition, especially if they exhibit signs of shock. The motivation of this project is to create a biomedical device that can be worn sublingually or implanted into the body to help doctors with diagnosing a patient’s condition. The magnitude of the swelling/deswelling behavior can be measured by placing a sample of the hydrogel in a piezoresistive sensor. The degree of swelling/deswelling is directly proportional to the change in pH of the aqueous solution it is placed in. In this study, a variety of compositions of pH responsive hydrogels were designed and tested to determine the response time and magnitude for use in both macro and micro sensor arrays. This pressure sensor has been designed for use with thinner gels than have been used in the past. The results for swelling time and magnitude were compared to determine the effect of the thickness of the hydrogel samples on the swelling/deswelling kinetics of the material in order to find the appropriate composition, thickness and device that will yield the desired response rate and sensitivity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1Safety of ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate)).

((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Safety of ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate)

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Control of enantioselectivity in the enzymatic reduction of halogenated acetophenone analogs by substituent positions and sizes was written by Koesoema, Afifa Ayu;Standley, Daron M.;Ohshima, Shusuke;Tamura, Mayumi;Matsuda, Tomoko. And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 2020.Related Products of 120121-01-9 This article mentions the following:

We utilized acetophenone reductase from Geotrichum candidum NBRC 4597 (GcAPRD), wild type and Trp288Ala mutant, to reduce halogenated acetophenone analogs to their corresponding (S)- and (R)-alcs. beneficial as pharmaceutical intermediates. Reduction by wild type resulted in excellent (S)-enantioselectivity for all of the substrates tested. Meanwhile, reduction by Trp288Ala resulted in high (R)-enantioselectivity for the reduction of 4′ substituted acetophenone and 2′-trifluoromethylacetophenone. In addition to that, we were able to control the enantioselectivity of Trp288Ala by the positions and sizes of the halogen substituents. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9Related Products of 120121-01-9).

(R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Related Products of 120121-01-9

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Antibacterial properties of laser-encapsulated titanium oxide nanotubes decorated with nanosilver and covered with chitosan/Eudragit polymers was written by Pawlowski, Lukasz;Wawrzyniak, Jakub;Banach-Kopec, Adrianna;Cieslik, Bartlomiej Michal;Jurak, Kacper;Karczewski, Jakub;Tylingo, Robert;Siuzdak, Katarzyna;Zielinski, Andrzej. And the article was included in Biomaterials Advances in 2022.Recommanded Product: 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) This article mentions the following:

To provide antibacterial properties, the titanium samples were subjected to electrochem. oxidation in the fluoride-containing diethylene glycol-based electrolyte to create a titanium oxide nanotubular surface. Afterward, the surface was covered by sputtering with silver 5 nm film, and the tops of the nanotubes were capped using laser treatment, resulting in an appearance of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) of around 30 nm in diameter on such a modified surface. To ensure a controlled release of the bactericidal substance, the samples were addnl. coated with a pH-sensitive chitosan/Eudragit 100 coating, also exhibiting bactericidal properties. The modified titanium samples were characterized using SEM, EDS, AFM, Raman, and XPS techniques. The wettability, corrosion properties, adhesion of the coating to the substrate, the release of AgNPs into solutions simulating body fluids at different pH, and antibacterial properties were further investigated. The obtained composite coatings were hydrophilic, adjacent to the surface, and corrosion-resistant. An increase in the amount of silver released as ions or metallic particles into a simulated body fluid solution at acidic pH was observed for modified samples with the biopolymer coating after three days of exposure avoiding burst effect. The proposed modification was effective against both Gram-pos. and Gram-neg. bacteria. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6Recommanded Product: 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol)).

2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Recommanded Product: 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol)

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

High cobalt exposure facilitates bioactive exopolysaccharides production with a novel molecular structure in Botryococcus braunii was written by Cheng, Pengfei;Chang, Ting;Wang, Chun;Yao, Changhong;Zhou, Chengxu;Liu, Tianzhong;Wang, Guangce;Yan, Xiaojun;Ruan, Roger. And the article was included in Chemical Engineering Journal (Amsterdam, Netherlands) in 2022.Safety of (2R,3R,4S,5S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal hydrate This article mentions the following:

The promising unicellular colonial Botryococcus braunii can secrete large amounts of bioactive exopolysaccharides. Our previous study revealed Botryococcus could tolerate high-concentrations of metallic cobalt, and extracellular hydrocarbons increased simultaneously. However, the characteristics of the extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) closely related to extracellular hydrocarbons is still unclear. This research focuses on the effects of cobalt exposure on the production, structure, and bioactivity of exopolysaccharides from colonial Botryococcus, aiming to provide a theor. clue on the potential contribution of EPS to the cobalt tolerance ability in this alga for cobalt bioremediation from the perspective of structure-bioactivity relationship. The results showed that high cobalt treatment (4.5 mg/L) exerted little influence on the growth of the alga, or the total carbohydrate content obtained, compared to the algae without cobalt treatment. EPSs of B. braunii SAG 30.81, under normal condition (EPS-Co) was mainly composed of glucose, mannose, fucose, galactose, rhamnose, and xylose, but also with the presence of sulfate substitutions, which was unique among the EPSs previously reported in this alga. Cobalt treatment resulted in a remarkable decline of rhamnose, and an increase of ribose and sulfate content, with more esterified uronic acids in the EPS (EPS + Co). EPS + Co, overall, had a larger but more compact and branched, spherical-like EPSs, with more ordered (helix) chains relative to EPS-Co. EPS + Co exhibited stronger antioxidant and antibacterial activity than EPS-Co, which could be attributed to the changed structural characteristics, such as the decrease of Rha, Fuc, and Gal and an increase of sulfate substitutions, uronic acids and Ara, more branched structure, and more ordered conformation. The enhanced antioxidant activity could be contributed to the alga tolerance to cobalt exposure, which was benefitted by cobalt bioremediation. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2R,3R,4S,5S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal hydrate (cas: 10030-85-0Safety of (2R,3R,4S,5S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal hydrate).

(2R,3R,4S,5S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal hydrate (cas: 10030-85-0) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Safety of (2R,3R,4S,5S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal hydrate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Chemical composition, antibiofilm, cytotoxic, and anti-acetylcholinesterase activities of Myrtus communis L. leaves essential oil was written by Caputo, Lucia;Capozzolo, Francesca;Amato, Giuseppe;De Feo, Vincenzo;Fratianni, Florinda;Vivenzio, Giovanni;Nazzaro, Filomena. And the article was included in BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies in 2022.COA of Formula: C10H14O This article mentions the following:

The potential of essential oils (EOs) and of their principal constituents for eradication of biofilm and at the same time the research of new potential acetylcholinesterase inhibitors is gaining increasing interest in last years. The aims of this study were to determine the chem. composition and to evaluate the antibacterial, cytotoxic, and anti-acetylcholinesterase properties of Myrtus communis leaves essential oil and its main constituents. Essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation of M. communis L. leaves and was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The antimicrobial activity was carried out against both gram-neg. and gram-pos. bacteria. The microdilution method was used to estimate the min. inhibitory concentrations (MICs). Then, the capacity of essential oil and its main constituent to inhibit biofilm growth, with the method of OToole and Kolterand, and the metabolic activity of biofilm cells through the MTT colorimetric method were evaluated at different times. Moreover, was studied the potential cytotoxic activity against SH-SY5Y cell line with MTT assay and the anti-acetylcholinesterase activity using Ellmans assay. Myrtenyl-acetate, 1,8 cineole, α-pinene, and linalool were the main components in the EO. The myrtle EO, at the min. tested dose (0.4 mg/mL), inhibited S. aureus biofilm by 42.1% and was capable of inhibiting the biofilm cell metabolism in all tested strains, except Staphylococcus aureus. Moreover, the EO showed good cytotoxic and anti-acetylcholinesterase activities IC50 of 209.1 and 32.8μg/mL, resp. The results suggest that myrtle EO and its main constituents could be used as possible products that could act against the resistant pathogenic species E. coli, P. aeruginosa, L. monocytogenes and S. aureus, on the other hand, as possible coadjutants in the treatment of neurol. diseases. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2COA of Formula: C10H14O).

5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.COA of Formula: C10H14O

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Copper-catalyzed B(dan)-installing carboboration of alkenes was written by Kageyuki, Ikuo;Osaka, Itaru;Takaki, Ken;Yoshida, Hiroto. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2017.HPLC of Formula: 1214264-88-6 This article mentions the following:

Carboboration of alkenes was found to occur readily with an unsym. diboron [(pin)B-B(dan)] (H₂dan = 1,8-naphthalenediamine) and alkyl halides under copper catalysis, leading to the direct formation of protected alkylboron compounds via synchronous C-C and C-B bond-forming processes. The B(dan) moiety was solely installed into the organic frameworks with the regioselective attachment to a terminal carbon of alkenes employed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,8-de][1,3,2]diazaborinine (cas: 1214264-88-6HPLC of Formula: 1214264-88-6).

2-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,8-de][1,3,2]diazaborinine (cas: 1214264-88-6) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.HPLC of Formula: 1214264-88-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Discovery of 1,4-Benzodiazepine-2,5-dione (BZD) Derivatives as Dual Nucleotide Binding Oligomerization Domain Containing 1/2 (NOD1/NOD2) Antagonists Sensitizing Paclitaxel (PTX) To Suppress Lewis Lung Carcinoma (LLC) Growth in Vivo was written by Wang, Suhua;Yang, Jingshu;Li, Xueyuan;Liu, Zijie;Wu, Youzhen;Si, Guangxu;Tao, Yiran;Zhao, Nan;Hu, Xiao;Ma, Yao;Liu, Gang. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2017.Electric Literature of C7H6Cl2O This article mentions the following:

Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors (NLRs) are intracellular sensors of pathogen-associated mol. patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated mol. patterns (DAMPs). Previously, we reported nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1 (NOD1) antagonists (11, 12) and a NOD2 antagonist (9) that sensitized docetaxel (DTX) or paclitaxel (PTX) treatment for breast or lung cancer. In this article, we describe for the first time a 1,4-benzodiazepine-2,5-dione (BZD) derivative (26bh) that acts as a dual NOD1/NOD2 antagonist and inhibits both nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inflammatory signaling, thereby sensitizing PTX to suppress Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) growth. After investigation of the compound’s cytotoxicity, a systematic structure-activity relationship (SAR) was completed and revealed several key factors that were necessary to maintain antagonistic ability. This study establishes the possibility for using adjuvant treatment to combat cancer by antagonizing both NOD1 and NOD2 signaling. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8Electric Literature of C7H6Cl2O).

(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Electric Literature of C7H6Cl2O

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Phytochemical characterization of raw and cooked traditionally consumed alimurgic plants was written by Monari, Stefania;Ferri, Maura;Montecchi, Beatrice;Salinitro, Mirko;Tassoni, Annalisa. And the article was included in PLoS One in 2021.Recommanded Product: 10083-24-6 This article mentions the following:

In the past, wild edible alimurgic plants became an important alternative food source when poverty, wars or drought made it difficult to access crops. These plants were considered rich in highly nutritional compounds and also frequently used as food-medicine given their health-promoting properties. With the aim of improving our knowledge on the content of beneficial or detrimental compounds in relation with past local dietary and curative traditions, 12 wild food plant species were collected from two study areas selected for their very different degree of industrialization, urbanization, and conservation of local past traditions among the population: the Bologna province (Northern Italy) and the Middle Agri Valley (Southern Italy). Protein, polyphenol flavonoid and biogenic amine (both free and conjugated) contents and antioxidant activity of raw and boiled wild food plant extracts, and of cooking water were analyzed by means of spectrophotometric and high-performance liquid chromatog. methods. The results demonstrated that most of the phenolic compounds were released in the cooking water which also showed the highest antioxidant activity. Seventeen different phenolic compounds were identified, of which the health-related luteolin, luteolin-7-glucoside and rutin were the most abundant (e.g., S. pratensis L. and C. intybus L.). On the other hand, biogenic amines were absent or present at very low levels in cooking water of those very same species (e.g., S. pratensis L., T. officinalis Weber, C. vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia and C. intybus L.) of which traditionally a decoction is used for therapeutic purposes. Free and conjugated spermidine and spermine were generally the most abundant biogenic amines, while none of the known detrimental monoamines (e.g., histamine) was detected. In conclusion, the present results seem to support past local popular traditions which indicated beneficial medical properties of some wild edible plant, as well as of their cooking water. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6Recommanded Product: 10083-24-6).

(E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Recommanded Product: 10083-24-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts