Dousa, Michal et al. published their research in Chirality in 2019 | CAS: 5856-63-3

(R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Recommanded Product: 5856-63-3

Chiral separation of aliphatic primary amino alcohols as o-phthaldialdehyde/mercaptoethanol derivatives on polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases was written by Dousa, Michal. And the article was included in Chirality in 2019.Recommanded Product: 5856-63-3 This article mentions the following:

A sensitive chiral high performance liquid chromatog. (HPLC) method for the determination of aliphatic primary amino alc. isomers with o-phthaldialdehyde/mercaptoethanol precolumn derivatization has been developed and validated. Seven chiral columns were tested in a reversed phase mode. Excellent enantioseparation with the resolution more than 2.0 was achieved on Chiralcel OJ-3R. The effect of various chromatog. conditions including column temperature, acetonitrile content in the mobile phase, buffer pH, buffer concentration, and buffer type in the mobile phase on the retention and the selectivity was investigated. The final mobile phase consisted of binary mixture of 20mM ammonium formate solution with acetonitrile (75:25; volume/volume). The analyses were performed at mobile phase flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and the column temperature of 40°C. The fluorescence detection was performed at excitation wavelength of 345 nm and emission wavelength of 450 nm. The developed method was fully validated in terms of linearity, sensitivity, accuracy, precision, intermediate precision, and selectivity according to International Council for Harmonisation of Tech. Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use guidelines using internal normalization procedure. The proposed chiral method was proved to be highly sensitive, simple, and rapid and was successfully applied to the determination of D-Valinol content in com. available samples of L-Valinol. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3Recommanded Product: 5856-63-3).

(R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Recommanded Product: 5856-63-3

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Khalil, Mohamad et al. published their research in Current medicinal chemistry in 2022 | CAS: 499-75-2

5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Quality Control of 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol

Beneficial Effects of Carvacrol on In Vitro Models of Metabolically-Associated Liver Steatosis and Endothelial Dysfunction: A Role for Fatty Acids in Interfering with Carvacrol Binding to Serum Albumin. was written by Khalil, Mohamad;Serale, Nadia;Diab, Farah;Baldini, Francesca;Portincasa, Piero;Lupidi, Giulio;Vergani, Laura. And the article was included in Current medicinal chemistry in 2022.Quality Control of 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol This article mentions the following:

BACKGROUND: Carvacrol, a plant phenolic monoterpene, is largely employed as food additive and phytochemical. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to assess the lipid lowering and protective effects of carvacrol in vitro using cellular models of hepatic steatosis and endothelial dysfunction. We also investigated if and how the binding of carvacrol to albumin, the physiological transporter for small compounds in the blood, might be altered by the presence of high levels of fatty acids (FAs). METHODS: Hepatic FaO cells treated with exogenous FAs mimic hepatosteatosis; endothelial HECV cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide are a model of endothelial dysfunction. In these models, we measured spectrophotometrically lipid accumulation and release, lipoperoxidation, free radical production, and nitric oxide release before and after treatment with carvacrol. The carvacrol binding to albumin in the presence or absence of high levels of FAs was assessed by absorption and emission spectroscopies. RESULTS: Carvacrol counteracted lipid accumulation and oxidative stress in hepatocytes and protected endothelial cells from oxidative stress and dysfunction. Moreover, high levels of FAs reduced the binding of carvacrol to albumin. CONCLUSION: The results suggest the good potential of carvacrol in ameliorating dysfunction of hepatic and endothelial cells in vitro. High levels of circulating FAs might compete with carvacrol for binding to albumin thus influencing its transport and bio-distribution. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2Quality Control of 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol).

5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Quality Control of 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Ghafuri, Hossein et al. published their research in Scientific Reports in 2022 | CAS: 873-76-7

(4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Recommanded Product: (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol

Copper(II)-β-cyclodextrin immobilized on graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets as a highly effective catalyst for tandem oxidative amidation of benzylic alcohols was written by Ghafuri, Hossein;Rashidizadeh, Afsaneh;Gorab, Mostafa Ghafori;Jafari, Ghazaleh. And the article was included in Scientific Reports in 2022.Recommanded Product: (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol This article mentions the following:

In this study, an efficient catalyst based on graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (CN) and copper(II) supported β-cyclodextrin (βCD/Cu(II)) was synthesized and used for tandem oxidative amidation of benzylic alcs. using amine hydrochloride salts to form aryl-amides R1C(O)NR2R3 [R1 = H, 4-Cl, 4-OMe, etc.; R2 = H, Ph, Bn, etc.]. In this regard, CN was functionalized by β-CD/Cu(II) via 1,3-dibromopropane linker (CN-Pr-β-CD/Cu(II)). The prepared catalyst was characterized using FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM, EDS, TGA, ICP-OES, BET and TEM analyses. CN-Pr-β-CD/Cu(II) could be recycled and reused five times without significant reduction in reaction efficiency. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7Recommanded Product: (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol).

(4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Recommanded Product: (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Yoshida, Hiroto et al. published their research in Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis in 2019 | CAS: 1214264-88-6

2-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,8-de][1,3,2]diazaborinine (cas: 1214264-88-6) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Reference of 1214264-88-6

Copper-Catalyzed B(dan)-Installing Allylic Borylation of Allylic Phosphates was written by Yoshida, Hiroto;Murashige, Yuya;Osaka, Itaru. And the article was included in Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis in 2019.Reference of 1214264-88-6 This article mentions the following:

γ-Selective B(dan)-installing allylic borylation was found to proceed efficaciously by the reaction of an unsym. diboron, (pin)B-B(dan), with allylic phosphates under copper catalysis. The resulting allyl-B(dan) was convertible into 1,3-, 1,2-, or 1,1-diborylalkanes with different boron-Lewis acidity by B(pin)-installing hydroboration, and its C(sp3)-B(dan) bond turned out to be preferentially transformed into a C(sp3)-N bond, leaving the B(pin) intact, despite its well-accepted inertness toward various transformations. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,8-de][1,3,2]diazaborinine (cas: 1214264-88-6Reference of 1214264-88-6).

2-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,8-de][1,3,2]diazaborinine (cas: 1214264-88-6) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Reference of 1214264-88-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Wang, Chao et al. published their research in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2015 | CAS: 5856-63-3

(R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Safety of (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol

Enantioselective Fluorescent Recognition in the Fluorous Phase: Enhanced Reactivity and Expanded Chiral Recognition was written by Wang, Chao;Wu, Elaine;Wu, Xuedan;Xu, Xiangchuan;Zhang, Guoqing;Pu, Lin. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2015.Safety of (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol This article mentions the following:

A novel perfluoroalkyl-BINOL-based chiral diketone is the 1st highly enantioselective fluorescent sensor in the fluorous phase. One enantiomer of a chiral amino alc. or diamine at a concentration >1 mM can cause an up to 1200-2000-fold fluorescent enhancement of the sensor (0.08 mM), while the other enantiomer gives only a 10-50-fold enhancement. The fluorous-phase-based sensor is found to enhance the reactivity of the previously reported fluorous insoluble sensor with amino alcs. and expand its chiral recognition ability. Dynamic light scattering studies show the formation of aggregates of very different particle sizes when two enantiomers of a substrate interact with the sensor in perfluorohexane (FC-12). This substantial difference enables easy discrimination of the enantiomers with UV-lamps or even the naked eye. NMR, IR, and mass spectroscopic studies indicate that the fluorescent enhancement and enantioselectivity should originate from the fluorous solvent-promoted nucleophilic addition of the amino alcs. to the carbonyl groups of the sensor. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3Safety of (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol).

(R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Safety of (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Gao, Jingjing et al. published their research in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2018 | CAS: 60463-12-9

3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.HPLC of Formula: 60463-12-9

Photoactivation of Ligands for Extrinsically and Intrinsically Triggered Disassembly of Amphiphilic Nanoassemblies was written by Gao, Jingjing;Liu, Xiaochi;Secinti, Hatice;Jiang, Ziwen;Munkhbat, Oyuntuya;Xu, Yisheng;Guo, Xuhong;Thayumanavan, S.. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2018.HPLC of Formula: 60463-12-9 This article mentions the following:

Specific response to the concurrent presence of two different inputs is one of the hallmarks of incorporating specificities in nature. Artificial nanoassemblies that concurrently respond to two very different inputs are of great interest in a variety of applications, especially in biomedicine. Here, we present a design strategy for amphiphilic nanoassemblies with such capabilities, enabled by photocaging a ligand moiety that is capable of binding to a specific protein. New mol. designs that offer nanoassemblies that respond to either of two inputs or only to the concurrent presence of two inputs are outlined. Such biomimetic nanoassemblies could find use in many applications, including drug delivery and diagnostics. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9HPLC of Formula: 60463-12-9).

3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.HPLC of Formula: 60463-12-9

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Li, Jubiao et al. published their research in Synthetic Communications in 2004 | CAS: 10030-85-0

(2R,3R,4S,5S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal hydrate (cas: 10030-85-0) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Formula: C6H14O6

Synthesis of Trisaccharide of Incanoside from Caryopteris incana was written by Li, Jubiao;Wang, Yanguang. And the article was included in Synthetic Communications in 2004.Formula: C6H14O6 This article mentions the following:

Trisaccharide Ph 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-3,4-di-O-benzoyl-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-2-O-acetyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside, the sugar core of incanosides from Caryopteris incana, was synthesized via a concise route. The key step of this route involved the preparation of decisive disaccharide acceptor from the Ph 2-acetyl-3,4-di-O-benzoyl-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-2-O-acetyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside by regioselective and chemoselective deacetylation method. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2R,3R,4S,5S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal hydrate (cas: 10030-85-0Formula: C6H14O6).

(2R,3R,4S,5S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal hydrate (cas: 10030-85-0) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Formula: C6H14O6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Bettoni, Leo et al. published their research in Organic Letters in 2019 | CAS: 2968-93-6

2-(4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethanol (cas: 2968-93-6) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Recommanded Product: 2-(4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethanol

Iron-Catalyzed β-Alkylation of Alcohols was written by Bettoni, Leo;Gaillard, Sylvain;Renaud, Jean-Luc. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2019.Recommanded Product: 2-(4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethanol This article mentions the following:

β-Branched alkylated alcs. have been prepared in good yields using a double-hydrogen auto-transfer strategy in the presence of our diaminocyclopentadienone iron tricarbonyl complex Fe1. The alkylation of some 2-arylethanol derivatives was successfully addressed with benzylic alcs. and methanol as alkylating reagents under mild conditions. Deuterium labeling experiments suggested that both alcs. (2-arylethanol and either methanol or benzyl alc.) served as hydrogen donors in this cascade process. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethanol (cas: 2968-93-6Recommanded Product: 2-(4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethanol).

2-(4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethanol (cas: 2968-93-6) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Recommanded Product: 2-(4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Tomasi, Diego et al. published their research in Molecules in 2021 | CAS: 10083-24-6

(E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Synthetic Route of C14H12O4

Effects of Traditional and Modern Post-Harvest Withering Processes on the Composition of the Vitis v. Corvina Grape and the Sensory Profile of Amarone Wines was written by Tomasi, Diego;Lonardi, Andrea;Boscaro, Davide;Nardi, Tiziana;Marangon, Christine Mayr;De Rosso, Mirko;Flamini, Riccardo;Lovat, Lorenzo;Mian, Giovanni. And the article was included in Molecules in 2021.Synthetic Route of C14H12O4 This article mentions the following:

In the Valpolicella area (Verona, Italy) Vitis vinifera cv. Corvina is the main grape variety used to produce Amarone wine. Before starting the winemaking process, the Corvina grapes are stored in a withering (i.e., dehydrating) warehouse until about 30% of the berry weight is lost (WL). This practice is performed to concentrate the metabolites in the berry and enrich the Amarone wine in aroma and antioxidant compounds In compliance with the guidelines and strict Amarone protocol set by the Consorzio of Amarone Valpolicella, withering must be carried out by setting the grapes in a suitable environment, either under controlled relative air humidity (RH) conditions and wind speed (WS)-no temperature modification is to be applied-or, following the traditional methods, in non-controlled environmental conditions. In general, the two processes have different dehydration kinetics due to the different conditions in terms of temperature, RH, and WS, which affect the accumulation of sugars and organic acids and the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites such as stilbenes and glycoside aroma precursors. For this study, the two grape-withering processes were carried out under controlled (C) and non-controlled (NC) conditions, and the final compositions of the Corvina dried grapes were compared also to evaluate the effects on the organoleptic characteristics of Amarone wine. The findings highlighted differences between the two processes mainly in terms of the secondary metabolites of the dried grapes, which affect the organoleptic characteristics of Amarone wine. Indeed, by the sensory evaluation, wines produced by adopting the NC process were found more harmonious, elegant, and balanced. Finally, we can state how using a traditional system, grapes were characterised by higher levels of VOCs (volatile compounds), while wines had a higher and appreciable complexity and finesse. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6Synthetic Route of C14H12O4).

(E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Synthetic Route of C14H12O4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Soaudy, Mohamed R. et al. published their research in Aquaculture in 2021 | CAS: 137-08-6

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Quality Control of Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate

Possibility mitigation of cold stress in Nile tilapia under biofloc system by dietary propylene glycol: Performance feeding status, immune, physiological responses and transcriptional response of delta-9-desaturase gene was written by Soaudy, Mohamed R.;Mohammady, Eman Y.;Ashry, Mohamed A.;Ali, Marwa M.;Ahmed, Nasr M.;Hegab, Mahmoud H.;Elgarhy, Hoda A. S.;El-Haroun, Ehab R.;Hassaan, Mohamed S.. And the article was included in Aquaculture in 2021.Quality Control of Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate This article mentions the following:

This trial was conducted to study the ability of dietary propylene glycol to mitigate winter stress of Nile tilapia under biofloc system. Nile tilapia (average initial weight = 28.50 ± 0.25 g) were fed three isonitrogenous (257.75 g kg-1 crude protein) diets for 47 days in winter season. The first diet was free added with propylene glycol (PG) control. The other two diets were supplemented with 5 mL and 7.5 mL PG kg-1 diet, resp. At the end of feeding trial, the highest survival rate (P < 0.05) was observed in tilapia fed the diet supplemented with 7.5 mL PG kg-1 diet. A linear response in weight gain (WG; P = 0.034), specific growth rate (SGR; P = 0.041) and protein efficiency ratio (PER; P = 0.038) of tilapia were found by the increase in the PG levels in diets. The supplemental diets with PG did not induce any significant differences (P > 0.05) on feed conversion ratio (FCR) and feed intake (FI) of fish. The activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alk. phosphatase (ALP), cholesterol, triglyceride and low d. of lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were linearly decreased in response to the increased the PG level. Also, linear increase in serum total protein, albumin, globulin and lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were found in response to supplementation of PG. Significant linear increased in the concentration of serum ions; sodium, calcium and chloride were observed with increasing the PG level. Significant linear increased were found in superoxide dismutase (SOD; P = 0.035), catalase (CAT; P = 0.001), glutathione (GSH; P = 0.056) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx; P = 0.048) for fish fed 5- or 7.5-mL PG kg-1 under cold stress, with the highest values in fish fed 7.5 mL PG kg-1. While, the activity of malondialdehyde (MDA; P = 0.023) was linearly reduced with increasing of the PG levels in fish diets, with the lowest value in group fed supplemental diet with 7.5 mL kg-1 PG. The response of glucose (P = 0.026) and cortisol (P = 0.193) of fish in cold stress for 47 days were linearly with increasing PG supplementation. The transcription of Δ 9D gene of fish reared under cold stress was linearly up regulated (linear, P = 0.001) with increasing dietary PG level. In conclusion, diet supplemented with 7.5 mL kg-1 PG could decrease the mortality, and enhance the physiol. status as well as transcription of Δ 9D gene of fish reared under cold stress. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6Quality Control of Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Quality Control of Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts