Month: January 2023

Site-Selective C-S Bond Formation at C-Br over C-OTf and C-Cl Enabled by an Air-Stable, Easily Recoverable, and Recyclable Palladium(I) Catalyst was written by Scattolin, Thomas;Senol, Erdem;Yin, Guoyin;Guo, Qianqian;Schoenebeck, Franziska. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2018.Reference of 29364-29-2 This article mentions the following:

This report widens the repertoire of emerging Pd^I catalysis to carbon-heteroatom, i.e., C-S bond formation. While Pd⁰-catalyzed protocols may suffer from the formation of poisonous sulfide-bound off-cycle intermediates and lack of selectivity, the mechanistically diverse Pd^I catalysis concept circumvents these challenges and allows for C-S bond formation (S-aryl and S-alkyl) of a wide range of aryl halides. Site-selective thiolations of C-Br sites in the presence of C-Cl and C-OTf were achieved in a general and a priori predictable fashion. Computational, spectroscopic, x-ray, and reactivity data support dinuclear Pd^I catalysis to be operative. Contrary to air-sensitive Pd⁰, the active Pd^I species was easily recovered in the open atm. and subjected to multiple rounds of recycling. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate (cas: 29364-29-2Reference of 29364-29-2).

Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate (cas: 29364-29-2) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Reference of 29364-29-2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Discovery of SCH446211 (SCH6): A New Ketoamide Inhibitor of the HCV NS3 Serine Protease and HCV Subgenomic RNA Replication was written by Bogen, Stephane L.;Arasappan, Ashok;Bennett, Frank;Chen, Kevin;Jao, Edwin;Liu, Yi-Tsung;Lovey, Raymond G.;Venkatraman, Srikanth;Pan, Weidong;Parekh, Tajel;Pike, Russel E.;Ruan, Sumei;Liu, Rong;Baroudy, Bahige;Agrawal, Sony;Chase, Robert;Ingravallo, Paul;Pichardo, John;Prongay, Andrew;Brisson, Jean-Marc;Hsieh, Tony Y.;Cheng, Kuo-Chi;Kemp, Scott J.;Levy, Odile E.;Lim-Wilby, Marguerita;Tamura, Susan Y.;Saksena, Anil K.;Girijavallabhan, Viyyoor;Njoroge, F. George. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2006.Name: Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate This article mentions the following:

Introduction of various modified prolines at P₂ and optimization of the P₁ side chain led to the discovery of SCH6 (24, Table 2), a potent ketoamide inhibitor of the HCV NS3 serine protease. In addition to excellent enzyme potency (K_i*= 3.8 nM), 24 was also found to be a potent inhibitor of HCV subgenomic RNA replication with IC₅₀ and IC₉₀ of 40 and 100 nM, resp. Recently, antiviral activity of 24 was demonstrated with inhibition of the full-length genotype 2a HCV genome. In addition, 24 was found to restore the responsiveness of the interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3) in cells containing HCV RNA replicons. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate (cas: 29364-29-2Name: Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate).

Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate (cas: 29364-29-2) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Name: Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Cu-Catalyzed Silylation and Borylation of Vinylidene Cyclopropanes was written by Chen, Jichao;Gao, Shang;Chen, Ming. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2019.Recommanded Product: 2-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,8-de][1,3,2]diazaborinine This article mentions the following:

A Cu-catalyzed addition of silicon or boron nucleophiles, pinB-SiMe₂Ph and pinB-Bdan, resp., to vinylidene cyclopropanes, di-R 2-(R²CH:C:)-3-R¹-1,1-cyclopropanedicarboxylates, giving propargylsilanes and boranes, (RO₂C)₂CHCH₂CCCH₂E (E = SiMePh₂, Bdan) is reported. The reactions generated propargylic silane or boron products by forming a C-Si or C-B bond at the terminal carbon of the allene moiety of vinylidene cyclopropanes. The obtained silicon and boron reagents are versatile intermediates that can undergo a variety of transformations to give synthetically useful products. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicated a copper enolate was involved in the reaction process. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,8-de][1,3,2]diazaborinine (cas: 1214264-88-6Recommanded Product: 2-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,8-de][1,3,2]diazaborinine).

2-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,8-de][1,3,2]diazaborinine (cas: 1214264-88-6) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Recommanded Product: 2-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,8-de][1,3,2]diazaborinine

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Synergistic effect of GO/SrFe₁₂O₁₉ as magnetic hybrid nanocatalyst for regioselective ring-opening of epoxides with amines under eco-friendly conditions was written by Laayati, Mouhsine;Mekkaoui, Ayoub Abdelkader;Fkhar, Lahcen;Ait Ali, Mustapha;Anane, Hafid;Bahsis, Lahoucine;El Firdoussi, Larbi;El Houssame, Soufiane. And the article was included in RSC Advances in 2022.Electric Literature of C13H19NO This article mentions the following:

Herein, a highly efficient magnetically separable hybrid GO/SrFe₁₂O₁₉ nanocomposite was synthesized via dispersing M-type strontium hexaferrite (SrFe₁₂O₁₉) on graphene oxide (GO) sheets. First, SrFe₁₂O₁₉ nanoparticles (NPs) and GO sheets were prepared via chem. coprecipitation and chem. oxidation of graphite powder, resp. Chem. reduced GO (rGO) and rGO/SrFe₁₂O₁₉ were also prepared for comparison purposes. Thereafter, the prepared nanostructured materials were explored by XRD, FTIR, FESEM-EDX, BET, and Zetasizer analyses. All the characterizations confirmed the nanoscale and the high stability structures of the prepared materials. The prepared hybrid magnetic nanocomposite GO/SrFe₁₂O₁₉ exhibited a high surface area value resulting in a high catalytic activity and selectivity for the epoxide ring-opening with amines in neat water. The use of hybrid GO/SrFe₁₂O₁₉ compared with pure SrFe₁₂O₁₉ and GO sheets was of great interest for using environmentally benign heterogeneous nanocatalysts, for the synthesis of β-amino alcs., with excellent recyclability under eco-friendly conditions. Moreover, a mechanistic study was performed through d. functional theory (DFT) calculations and Parr functions to explain the observed reactivity and selectivity of SrFe-GO catalyst in the epoxide ring-opening reactions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Trans-2-(benzylamino)cyclohexanol (cas: 40571-86-6Electric Literature of C13H19NO).

Trans-2-(benzylamino)cyclohexanol (cas: 40571-86-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Electric Literature of C13H19NO

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Characterization of microbial intolerances and ruminal dysbiosis towards different dietary carbohydrate sources using an in vitro model was written by Kheirandish, Parisa;Petri, Renee Maxine;Sener-Aydemir, Arife;Schwartz-Zimmermann, Heidi Elisabeth;Berthiller, Franz;Zebeli, Qendrim;Pacifico, Catia. And the article was included in Journal of Applied Microbiology in 2022.Reference of 2216-51-5 This article mentions the following:

This study aimed to characterize the critical points for determining the development of dysbiosis associated with feed intolerances and ruminal acidosis. A metabologenomics approach was used to characterize dynamic microbial and metabolomics shifts using the rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC) by feeding native cornstarch (ST), chem. modified cornstarch (CMS), or sucrose (SU). SU and CMS elicited the most drastic changes as rapidly as 4 h after feeding. This was accompanied by a swift accumulation of D-lactate, and the decline of benzoic and malonic acid. A consistent increase in Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus as well as a decrease in fibrolytic bacteria was observed for both CMS and ST after 24 h, indicating intolerances within the fiber degrading populations. However, an increase in Lactobacillus was already evident in SU after 8 h. An inverse relationship between Fibrobacter and Bifidobacterium was observed in ST. In fact, Fibrobacter was pos. correlated with several short-chain fatty acids, while Lactobacillus was pos. correlated with lactic acid, hexoses, hexose-phosphates, pentose phosphate pathway (PENTOSE-P-PWY), and heterolactic fermentation (P122-PWY). The feeding of sucrose and modified starches, followed by native cornstarch, had a strong disruptive effect in the ruminal microbial community. Feed intolerances were shown to develop at different rates based on the availability of glucose for ruminal microorganisms. These results can be used to establish patterns of early dysbiosis (biomarkers) and develop strategies for preventing undesirable shifts in the ruminal microbial ecosystem. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5Reference of 2216-51-5).

(1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Reference of 2216-51-5

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

The nutrient requirements of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 and their application to fermented milk was written by Meng, Li;Li, Shuang;Liu, Gefei;Fan, Xuejing;Qiao, Yali;Zhang, Ao;Lin, Yanan;Zhao, Xingming;Huang, Kai;Feng, Zhen. And the article was included in Journal of Dairy Science in 2021.Application of 137-08-6 This article mentions the following:

Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 is a suitable probiotic for food application, but because of its slow growth in milk, an increase in its efficiency is desired. To shorten the time required for fermentation, the nutrient requirements of L. acidophilus LA-5 were analyzed, including the patterns of consumption of amino acids, purines, pyrimidines, vitamins, and metal ions. The nutrients required by L. acidophilus LA-5 were Asn, Asp, Cys, Leu, Met, riboflavin, guanine, uracil, and Mn²⁺, and when they were added to milk, the fermentation time of fermented milk prepared by L. acidophilus LA-5 alone was shortened by 9 h, with high viable cell counts that were maintained during storage of nutrient-supplemented fermented milk compared with the control. For fermented milk prepared by fermentation with Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus, and L. acidophilus LA-5, viable cell counts of L. acidophilus LA-5 increased 1.3-fold and were maintained during storage of nutrient-supplemented fermented milk compared with the control. Adding nutrients had no neg. effect on the quality of the fermented milk. The results indicated that suitable nutrients enhanced the growth of L. acidophilus LA-5 and increased its viable cell counts in fermented milk prepared by L. acidophilus LA-5 alone and mixed starter culture, resp. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6Application of 137-08-6).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Application of 137-08-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Impact of drying methods on the yield and chemistry of Origanum vulgare L. essential oil was written by Caputo, Lucia;Amato, Giuseppe;de Bartolomeis, Pietro;De Martino, Laura;Manna, Francesco;Nazzaro, Filomena;De Feo, Vincenzo;Barba, Anna Angela. And the article was included in Scientific Reports in 2022.Synthetic Route of C8H16O This article mentions the following:

Oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) is mainly cultivated, both as fresh and dried herb, for several purposes, such as ailments, drugs, and spices. To evaluate the influence of some drying methods on the chem. composition of the essential oil of oregano, its aerial parts were dehydrated by convective drying techniques (shade, static oven), microwave-assisted heating (three different treatments) and osmotic treatment. The oils were analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. The highest essential oil yield was achieved from microwave and shade drying methods. In total, 39 components were found, with carvacrol (ranging from 56.2 to 81.4%) being the main constituent; other compounds present in lower amounts were p-cymene (1.6-17.7%), γ-terpinene (0.8-14.2%), α-pinene (0.1-2.1%), thymol Me ether (0.4-1.8%) and thimoquinone (0.5-3.5%). The essential oil yields varied among the different treatments as well as the relative compositions The percentages of p-cymene, γ-terpinene and α-pinene decreased significantly in the dried sample compared with the fresh sample; on the other hand, carvacrol, isoborneol and linalool increased significantly in the dried materials. The choice of the drying method for obtaining the essential oil therefore appears crucial not only in relation to the higher yield but also and above all in reference to the percentage presence of components that can direct the essential oil toward an appropriate use. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4Synthetic Route of C8H16O).

Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Synthetic Route of C8H16O

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Creatinine recognition using designed synthetic receptors was written by Jana, Subrata;Prajapati, Sunita;Suryavanshi, Kishor Kumar;Goswami, Shyamaprosad;Parida, Rakesh;Giri, Santanab. And the article was included in Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry in 2020.Application In Synthesis of 6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol This article mentions the following:

A series of neutral nonenzymic receptors have been synthesized for the recognition of creatinine in a nondegrative way. The receptors contain different heterocyclic moieties for better interactions between host and guest. Among these, 1, 4, and 5 are fluorescent receptors for creatinine. From this study, it was found that the receptors 1 and 4 containing the naphthyridine moiety have higher binding affinity to the guest creatinine than receptors containing other heterocyclic moiety. Theor. studies for the calculation of binding energy were carried out using discrete Fourier transform (DFT) for the hosts and their complexation with creatinine in both gas phase and acetonitrile medium. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol (cas: 1122-71-0Application In Synthesis of 6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol).

6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol (cas: 1122-71-0) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Application In Synthesis of 6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Modulation of Interparticle Interactions and Specific Absorption Rate in Magnetomicelles through Changes in the Molecular Weight of the Hydrophobic Polymer Block was written by Olayo-Valles, Roberto;Rinaldi, Carlos. And the article was included in Particle & Particle Systems Characterization in 2013.Product Details of 109-17-1 This article mentions the following:

Magnetomicelles are amphiphilic block copolymer micelles, which contain magnetic nanoparticles in the core. Magnetomicelles have been proposed as magnetic fluid hyperthermia agents for cancer treatment. Magnetic interactions between nanoparticles within a micelle affect the amount of heat that they dissipate. Here, magnetomicelles are prepared varying the mol. weight of the core-forming polymer block. The magnetomicelles are magnetically characterized in liquid suspensions and embedded in a polymer matrix. The results show that as the mol. weight of the core-forming polymer block increases, both the interparticle magnetic interactions and specific absorption rate decrease. This is probably due to mixing between the polymer and the magnetic nanoparticles, which increases the interparticle distance. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1Product Details of 109-17-1).

((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Product Details of 109-17-1

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Enamine photooxidation was written by Foote, Christopher S.;Lin, John W. P.;Wong, S. Y.. And the article was included in Preprints – American Chemical Society, Division of Petroleum Chemistry in 1970.Quality Control of 1-(Dimethylamino)-2-methylpropan-2-ol This article mentions the following:

Enamines undergo photooxidative cleavage to give carbonyl compounds and amides. The reaction proceeds via an intermediate which can be reduced to an amino alc. The NMR spectra of the intermediates are not consistent with their formulation as either zwitterions or dioxetanes; they appear to be dimers or polymers of the dioxetanes. The breakdown of the intermediates (which proceeds violently in the absence bf solvent, but is smooth at temperatures below 0°) is chemiluminescent; the fluorescence of added mols. can also be induced. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(Dimethylamino)-2-methylpropan-2-ol (cas: 14123-48-9Quality Control of 1-(Dimethylamino)-2-methylpropan-2-ol).

1-(Dimethylamino)-2-methylpropan-2-ol (cas: 14123-48-9) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Quality Control of 1-(Dimethylamino)-2-methylpropan-2-ol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts