Month: January 2023

Tetrasubstituted Carbon Stereocenters via Copper-Catalyzed Asymmetric Sonogashira Coupling Reactions with gem-Dihaloketones and α-Bromo-γ-lactams was written by Mo, Xueling;Huang, Han;Zhang, Guozhu. And the article was included in ACS Catalysis in 2022.Safety of (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol This article mentions the following:

The construction of chiral tetrasubstituted carbon stereocenters is an ongoing challenge in synthetic organic chem. due to its prevalence in multiple disciplines. One efficient approach is the catalytic asym. C-C coupling reactions of a readily available racemic tertiary alkyl electrophile by simple organic nucleophiles. While a variety of secondary alkyl halides succeeded in asym. Cu-catalyzed Sonogashira-type cross-coupling reactions with diverse alkynes, tertiary alkyl halides have rarely been used in this kind of coupling reaction. Herein, tertiary bromides can serve as efficient coupling partners in copper/bisoxazoline Ph amine (BOPA)-catalyzed asym. alkynylation is demonstrated, leading to synthetically and medicinally valuable tertiary C-F stereocenters and all-carbon quaternary stereocenters. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5Safety of (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol).

(1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Safety of (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Essential oils as natural root-repellent herbicides for drip irrigation systems was written by Balboul, Tal;Ophir, Amos;Dotan, Ana. And the article was included in Polymers for Advanced Technologies in 2022.Related Products of 499-75-2 This article mentions the following:

The increasing use of synthetic herbicides in agriculture creates severe ecol. and environmental threats. Several essential oils (EOs) (Thymol, Carvacrol, Cinnamaldehyde, and Eugenol) were investigated as natural herbicides, and their potential use as a substitute for synthetic and toxic chems. for preventing roots intrusion in subsurface drip irrigation systems. To overcome their high volatility and to increase their thermal stability during processing, multiphase hybrid blends based on polymer/nanoclays (NCs) were prepared, enabling control of the EOs migration rate from the final active film. Germination experiments on mash bean seeds in open and closed systems have been conducted to evaluate the EOs efficacy as germination inhibitors. The amount of EO remaining in the films, after processing and for varying timepoints, was determined by UV-Vis spectroscopy through extraction From these two experiment’s results, we identified Thymol as the most effective herbicide. The effects of polymers/Thymol affinity and organoclay polarity were investigated to achieve a slow-release effect. Linear low-d. polyethylene/polyamide 6 system showed better efficiency compared to the linear low-d. polyethylene in retaining Thymol during processing due to the thermodn. affinity of the polyamide 6 phase with Thymol. NCs have been found to be nuclear foci during the first thermal process to obtain smaller highly surface voids allowing better absorption of the Thymol during the second thermal processing. NC Cloisite 15A showed better dispersion in the polymer matrix and improved chem. affinity between the nanocomposite and the Thymol. As a result, Thymol’s desorption was delayed and a controlled release was obtained. Eventually, it was concluded that Thymol could be a natural and environmentally friendly alternative to the synthetic herbicides and use as root-repellent agent. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2Related Products of 499-75-2).

5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Related Products of 499-75-2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Food phytochemicals, epigallocatechin gallate and myricetin, covalently bind to the active site of the coronavirus main protease in vitro was written by Kato, Yoji;Higashiyama, Akari;Takaoka, Emi;Nishikawa, Miyu;Ikushiro, Shinichi. And the article was included in Advances in Redox Research in 2021.Related Products of 10083-24-6 This article mentions the following:

SARS-CoV-2 main protease is a possible target for protection against viral infection. This study examined the inhibitory effect of food phytochems. on the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 by determining a cleaved product after chromatog. separation First, 37 phytochems., including glycosides and metabolites, were screened at 20μM; epigallocatechin gallate, myricetin, theaflavin, herbacetin, piceatannol, myricitrin, and isothiocyanates inhibited the enzyme in varying degrees. The IC50 values were estimated from 0.4 to 33.3μM against the 0.5-μM enzyme. The dose-dependent adduction of epigallocatechin gallate and myricetin was confirmed by quinone staining of protein blotted onto a membrane. The enzyme activity was decreased by increasing the concentration of the two phytochems., accompanied by increasing the resp. adducted mol. estimated by intact mass spectrometry. Reduced glutathione canceled the formation of conjugate and the inhibitory effect of epigallocatechin gallate or myricetin on the enzyme, suggesting that the formation of the quinone moiety in the phytochems. is critical for the inhibition. The covalent binding of epigallocatechin gallate or myricetin to the cysteine residue at the active site was confirmed by analyzing peptides from the chymotrypsin-digested main protease. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6Related Products of 10083-24-6).

(E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Related Products of 10083-24-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Menthol in electronic cigarettes causes biophysical inhibition of pulmonary surfactant was written by Xu, Lu;Yang, Yi;Simien, Jennifer Michelle;Kang, Christopher;Li, Guangle;Xu, Xiaojie;Haglund, Ellinor;Sun, Rui;Zuo, Yi Y.. And the article was included in American Journal of Physiology in 2022.Reference of 57-55-6 This article mentions the following:

With an increasing prevalence of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use, especially among youth, there is an urgent need to better understand the biol. risks and pathophysiol. of health conditions related to e-cigarettes. A majority of e-cigarette aerosols are in the submicron size and would deposit in the alveolar region of the lung, where they must first interact with the endogenous pulmonary surfactant. To date, little is known whether e-cigarette aerosols have an adverse impact on the pulmonary surfactant. We have systematically studied the effect of individual e-cigarette ingredients on an animal-derived clin. surfactant preparation, bovine lipid extract surfactant, using a combination of biophys. and anal. techniques, including in vitro biophys. simulations using constrained drop surfactometry, mol. imaging with at. force microscopy, chem. assays using carbon NMR and CD, and in silico mol. dynamics simulations. All data collectively suggest that flavorings used in e-cigarettes, especially menthol, play a predominant role in inhibiting the biophys. function of the surfactant. The mechanism of biophys. inhibition appears to involve menthol interactions with both phospholipids and hydrophobic proteins of the natural surfactant. These results provide novel insights into the understanding of the health impact of e-cigarettes and may contribute to better regulation of e-cigarette products. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6Reference of 57-55-6).

1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Reference of 57-55-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

2,3-Dihydroanthra(1,2-b)(1,4)oxazine-7,12-diones. Dyes for synthetic polymer fibers was written by Peters, A. T.;Ma, Xisai. And the article was included in Dyes and Pigments in 1993.Product Details of 42514-50-1 This article mentions the following:

Condensation of 2-bromo-1,4-dihydroxyanthraquinone with 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol affords 2-[1,1-bis(hydroxymethyl)ethylamino]-1,4-dihydroxyanthraquinone (I), which is then converted under more stringent reaction conditions into the 2,3-dihydroanthra[1,2-b]([,4]oxazine-7,12-dione (II). II has two resolved maximum at 20 and 60 nm longer wavelength than I and gives deep violet-red colorations of excellent fastness to light on polyester. Similar reactions with analogous amino alcs. are also reported. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Amino-3-methylbutan-1-ol (cas: 42514-50-1Product Details of 42514-50-1).

3-Amino-3-methylbutan-1-ol (cas: 42514-50-1) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Product Details of 42514-50-1

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Design and Synthesis of Basic Selective Estrogen Receptor Degraders for Endocrine Therapy Resistant Breast Cancer was written by Lu, Yunlong;Gutgesell, Lauren M.;Xiong, Rui;Zhao, Jiong;Li, Yangfeng;Rosales, Carlo I.;Hollas, Michael;Shen, Zhengnan;Gordon-Blake, Jesse;Dye, Katherine;Wang, Yueting;Lee, Sue;Chen, Hu;He, Donghong;Dubrovyskyii, Oleksii;Zhao, Huiping;Huang, Fei;Lasek, Amy W.;Tonetti, Debra A.;Thatcher, Gregory R. J.. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2019.HPLC of Formula: 142253-56-3 This article mentions the following:

The clin. steroidal selective estrogen receptor (ER) degrader (SERD), fulvestrant, is effective in metastatic breast cancer, but limited by poor pharmacokinetics, prompting the development of orally bioavailable, nonsteroidal SERDs, currently in clin. trials. These trials address local breast cancer as well as peripheral metastases, but patients with brain metastases are generally excluded because of the lack of blood-brain barrier penetration. A novel family of benzothiophene SERDs with a basic amino side arm (B-SERDs) was synthesized. Proteasomal degradation of ERα was induced by B-SERDs that achieved the objectives of oral and brain bioavailability, while maintaining high affinity binding to ERα and both potency and efficacy comparable to fulvestrant in cell lines resistant to endocrine therapy or bearing ESR1 mutations. A novel 3-oxyazetidine side chain was designed, leading to 37d, a B-SERD that caused endocrine-resistant ER+ tumors to regress in a mouse orthotopic xenograft model. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Boc-Azetidine-3-yl-methanol (cas: 142253-56-3HPLC of Formula: 142253-56-3).

1-Boc-Azetidine-3-yl-methanol (cas: 142253-56-3) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.HPLC of Formula: 142253-56-3

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Influence of high pressure on the solubility of ribavirin in six pure solvents from 283.15 to 323.15 K was written by Feng, Yaoguang;Hao, Hongxun;Tian, Beiqian;Chen, Kui;Wang, Na;Wang, Ting;Huang, Xin. And the article was included in Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics in 2022.Quality Control of 1,2-Propanediol This article mentions the following:

The solubility of ribavirin in six pure solvents was measured at 9.0 MPa and 0.1 MPa to evaluate the influence of high pressure on solubility at the temperature range from 283.15 K to 323.15 K. The results indicated that all the solubilities of ribavirin decreased slightly at 9.0 MPa compared with those at 0.1 MPa. Solvation free energy of ribavirin in six solvents under two pressures was calculated to explain the decrease of solubility under high pressure. Besides, the solubility of ribavirin increased with the rising temperature under both 0.1 MPa and 9.0 MPa. Furthermore, the exptl. solubility data under two pressures were correlated by the modified Apelblat equation and NRTL model. The average relative deviation value of the modified Apelblat equation is less than 3%, which can give better correlation results. Finally, the thermodn. properties of mixing and dissolution of ribavirin in six pure solvents under two pressures were also calculated based on the solubility exptl. data and the NRTL equation. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6Quality Control of 1,2-Propanediol).

1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Quality Control of 1,2-Propanediol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Swelling of pH-responsive cationic gels: Constitutive modeling and structure-property relations was written by Drozdov, A. D.. And the article was included in International Journal of Solids and Structures in 2015.Application In Synthesis of ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) This article mentions the following:

A constitutive model is developed for the elastic response of pH-sensitive cationic gels under swelling. A polyelectrolyte gel is treated as a three-phase medium that consists of an equivalent polymer network, solvent, and solute (mobile ions). Transport of solvent and solute is modeled as their diffusion through the network accelerated by an elec. field formed by mobile and bound ions and accompanied by chem. reactions (self-ionization of water mols. and protonation of functional groups attached to polymer chains). Constitutive equations are derived by means of the free energy imbalance inequality for an arbitrary three-dimensional deformation with finite strains. These relations are applied to the anal. of equilibrium swelling diagrams on chem. crosslinked chitosan, poly(vinylimidazole), and poly(diethylaminoethyl methacrylate-g-ethylene glycol) gels with various concentrations of monomers and crosslinker. Good agreement is demonstrated between the exptl. data and results of simulation. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1Application In Synthesis of ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate)).

((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Application In Synthesis of ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate)

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Determination of terpin hydrate in elixirs by gas chromatography was written by Kurlansik, Leon;Damon, Carolyn;Klein, Hannah;Salim, Edward F.. And the article was included in Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences in 1967.Application In Synthesis of rel-(1s,4s)-4-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methylcyclohexanol hydrate This article mentions the following:

The determination of terpin hydrate by gas chromatographic anal. (CA 67: 94052b) has been extended to the assay of terpin hydrate in official elixirs after isolation of the drug in relatively pure form. The procedure is an improvement over existing methods in specificity and reproducibility. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, rel-(1s,4s)-4-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methylcyclohexanol hydrate (cas: 2451-01-6Application In Synthesis of rel-(1s,4s)-4-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methylcyclohexanol hydrate).

rel-(1s,4s)-4-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methylcyclohexanol hydrate (cas: 2451-01-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Application In Synthesis of rel-(1s,4s)-4-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methylcyclohexanol hydrate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Syntheses, structures and catalytic activities of low-coordinated rare-earth metal complexes containing 2,2′-pyridylpyrrolides was written by Du, Jun;Zhou, Shuangliu;Zhang, Xiuli;Zhang, Lijun;Cui, Peng;Huang, Zeming;Wei, Yun;Zhu, Xiancui;Wang, Shaowu. And the article was included in Applied Organometallic Chemistry in 2020.Application of 40571-86-6 This article mentions the following:

Reactions of the ligand precursors 2-(2′-pyridyl)-3,5-Me₂-pyrrole (L¹H) and 2-(2-pyridyl)-3,4,5-Me₃-pyrrole (L²H) with [(Me₃Si)₂N]₃RE(μ-Cl)Li(THF)₃ in toluene afforded low-coordinated rare-earth metal bis-amido complexes L¹RE[N(SiMe₃)₂]₂ [RE = Y(1a), Dy(1b), Er(1c), Yb(1d)] and L²RE[N(SiMe₃)₂]₂ [RE = Y(2a), Dy(2b), Er(2c), Yb(2d)]. With the ionic radius of rare-earth metal increasing, the reaction of L¹H and [(Me₃Si)₂N]₃RE(μ-Cl)Li(THF)₃ gave dinuclear (L¹)₂RE(μ-Cl)(μ-η⁵:η¹:η¹-L¹)RE(L¹)[N(SiMe₃)₂]₂ [RE = Sm(1e), Pr(1f)]; however, the reaction of L²H and [(Me₃Si)₂N]₃Sm(μ-Cl)Li(THF)₃ afforded (L²)₂Sm[N(SiMe₃)₂]₂ (2e). The ionic radius of rare-earth metal and subtle change in the ligands have substantial effects on the structure and bonding mode of complexes. The complexes showed a high catalytic activity for the ring-opening reaction of cyclohexene oxide with amines to afford various β-aminoalcs. under mild solvent-free conditions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Trans-2-(benzylamino)cyclohexanol (cas: 40571-86-6Application of 40571-86-6).

Trans-2-(benzylamino)cyclohexanol (cas: 40571-86-6) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Application of 40571-86-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts