Month: January 2023

The impact of indigenous Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces japonicus on typicality of crystal grape (Niagara) wine was written by Wang, Chunxiao;Liang, Shuying;Yang, Jinxian;Wu, Cheng;Qiu, Shuyi. And the article was included in Food Research International in 2022.Recommanded Product: Oct-1-en-3-ol This article mentions the following:

Schizosaccharomyces japonicus have been found as dominant yeast species coexisting with Saccharomyces cerevisiae during late stages of spontaneous fermentation of local grapes in Guizhou, China. Therefore, this study further investigated the impacts of the two indigenous yeast species on typicality of crystal grape (Niagara) wine. Five indigenous and one com. S. cerevisiae strains were firstly selected based on their genotypes and fermentation traits in synthetic medium. All the six S. cerevisiae exhibited high tolerance to glucose, temperature, and SO₂. The two killer active strains FBKL2.996 and FBKL2.9126 showed relative higher tolerance capacity of ethanol, pH and osmotic pressure than the other four S. cerevisiae strains. Further pure fermentation of six strains using crystal grape must exhibited different contents of volatile compounds, with com. strain CECA producing the highest levels of acetate esters (phenethyl acetate), Et esters (Et caprylate, Et hexanoate), n-caprylic acid iso-Bu ester, and terpenes (linalool) whereas being ranked the last in the sensory anal. The co-inoculation of indigenous S. japonicus with each of the six S. cerevisiae strains increased the acetate esters (mainly isoamyl acetate) by 2-3 times in crystal grape wine. The indigenous S. cerevisiae FBKL2.9128 showed the most obvious variation of volatile compounds between pure and mixed fermentation, exhibiting the significant increase of isoamyl acetate, Et decanoate, Et caprylate, Et hexanoate, Me decanoate, and dodecanal when co-inoculated with S. japonicus. Sugar addition in immature crystal grape juice increased the ethanol, glycerol, and some volatile compounds such as Et butyrate, but decreased the volatile compounds with floral and animal odors. The aroma sensory anal. confirmed the decrease of varietal aroma in wines with sugar addition when comparing with wines made from immature crystal grape. The results of this study provide basic information on the impact of indigenous S. cerevisaie and S. japonicus, and sugar addition on typicality of crystal grape wine, which would help to improve the wine flavor made from crystal grape in southwest China. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4Recommanded Product: Oct-1-en-3-ol).

Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Recommanded Product: Oct-1-en-3-ol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Targeting prohibitin with small molecules to promote melanogenesis and apoptosis in melanoma cells was written by Djehal, Amel;Krayem, Mohammad;Najem, Ahmad;Hammoud, Hassan;Cresteil, Thierry;Nebigil, Canan G.;Wang, Dong;Yu, Peng;Bentouhami, Embarek;Ghanem, Ghanem E.;Desaubry, Laurent. And the article was included in European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2018.Related Products of 5856-63-3 This article mentions the following:

Prohibitins 1 and 2 (PHB1/2) are scaffold proteins that are involved in both melanogenesis and oncogenic pathways. We hypothesized that a PHB1 ligand, melanogenin, may display anti-cancer effects in addition to its known melanogenic activity in melanocytes. Here, we disclose a convenient synthesis of melanogenin, and its analogs. We found that, among 57 new melanogenin analogs, two (Mel9 and Mel41) significantly promoted both melanogenesis in melanocytes by activating one of the PHB2-interacting proteins, microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3), and upregulating the expression of microphthalmia associated transcription factor (MITF). These analogs also activate ERK. Besides, in addition to their promelanogenic activities, we uncovered that melanogenin and its active analogs induce apoptosis in several cancer cell lines, including melanoma cells, and that this effect is caused by an inhibition of AKT survival pathway. Our findings present a new putative function for PHBs as regulators of LC3/ERK/MITF melanogenic signaling, and suggest that Mel9 and Mel41 may provide the basis for the development of new drugs candidates to treat melanoma and other types of cancers. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3Related Products of 5856-63-3).

(R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Related Products of 5856-63-3

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Switchable GC/GC x GC-olfactometry-mass spectrometry system for the analysis of aroma components of infant formula milk-based on cow and goat milk was written by Tang, Long;Zhang, Yuanyuan;Jin, Yanjing;Yu, Mingguang;Song, Huanlu. And the article was included in Journal of Food Composition and Analysis in 2022.Application In Synthesis of Oct-1-en-3-ol This article mentions the following:

The study sought to characterize the composition of volatile compounds and key aroma-active compounds of infant formulas (IF), which derived from cow′s milk and goat′s milk. The volatile aroma compounds were analyzed by the solid-phase microextraction (SPME) combined with a new switchable GC/GC x GC-olfactometry-mass spectrometry (SGC/GC²-O-MS) system, which can switch between one-dimensional and two-dimensional anal. modes and can realize the sniffing function under two-dimensional anal. conditions. The key aroma-active compounds were analyzed by the aroma extract dilution anal. (AEDA) and odor activity value (OVA). A total of 118 volatile compounds were identified in IF samples from 12 brands, of which 66 had aroma activity. These results revealed that hexanal had the highest FD factor but was not responsible for the difference between GS and CS. According to the results of OPLS-DA and VIP, it was helpful to screen for more important volatile compounds (E)- 2-octenal, (E,E)- 3,5-octadien-2-one, (E,E)- 2,4-decadienal, 3-methylbutanal and 2-pentylfuran helped distinguish GS from CS. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4Application In Synthesis of Oct-1-en-3-ol).

Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Application In Synthesis of Oct-1-en-3-ol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

New syntheses of 3-amino-1-propanol derivatives. I. Synthesis of 2-methyl-3-amino-1-propanol and 2-methyl-3-dimethylamino-1-propanol was written by Marcinkiewicz, Stefan. And the article was included in Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica in 1971.SDS of cas: 14123-48-9 This article mentions the following:

CH2:C(Me)CN and 2 moles Me2NH kept 4 days in MeOH gave 91% Me2NCH2CH(Me)CN (I). I, hydrogenated 40 min at 80°/25 atm over Raney Ni, yielded 76% Me2NCH2CH(Me)CH2NH2, which, treated at 80° with HNO2 gave a mixture of Me2NCH2CH(Me)CH2OH (II) and Me2NCH2CMe2OH, whose separation by distillation failed. Me2C:NOH and 1.3 moles CH2:C(Me)CN, heated 4 hr in the presence of MeONa, yielded 50% Me2C:NOCH2CH(Me)CN (III). MeEtC.NOCH2CHMeCN was prepared analogously in 44% yield. III, hydrogenated at 60°/25 atm in MeOH-NH3 over Raney Ni, gave 94% HOCH2CH(Me)CH2NH2, which, refluxed with CH2O-HCO2H, yielded 85% II. II was also prepared in 65% yield by refluxing Me2NCH2CH(Me)CO2Me with Na in PhMe and EtOH. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(Dimethylamino)-2-methylpropan-2-ol (cas: 14123-48-9SDS of cas: 14123-48-9).

1-(Dimethylamino)-2-methylpropan-2-ol (cas: 14123-48-9) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.SDS of cas: 14123-48-9

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Site-Selective, Modular Diversification of Polyhalogenated Aryl Fluorosulfates (ArOSO₂F) Enabled by an Air-Stable Pd^I Dimer was written by Mendel, Marvin;Kalvet, Indrek;Hupperich, Daniel;Magnin, Guillaume;Schoenebeck, Franziska. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2020.Synthetic Route of C4H9NaS This article mentions the following:

Since 2014, the interest in aryl fluorosulfates (ArOSO₂F) as well as their implementation in powerful applications has continuously grown. In this context, the enabling capability of ArOSO₂F will strongly depend on the substitution pattern of the arene, which ultimately dictates its overall function as drug candidate, material, or bio-linker. This report showcases the modular, substrate-independent, and fully predictable, selective functionalization of polysubstituted arenes bearing C-OSO₂F, C-Br, and C-Cl sites, which makes it possible to diversify the arene in the presence of OSO₂F or utilize OSO₂F as a triflate surrogate. Sequential and triply selective arylations and alkylations were realized within minutes at room temperature, using a single and air-stable Pd^I dimer. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate (cas: 29364-29-2Synthetic Route of C4H9NaS).

Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate (cas: 29364-29-2) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Synthetic Route of C4H9NaS

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Efficient synthesis of 3-(bromomethyl)-5-methylpyridine hydrobromide was written by Guo, Jianyu;Lu, Yan;Wang, Jin. And the article was included in Heterocyclic Communications in 2015.SDS of cas: 102074-19-1 This article mentions the following:

5-Methyl-3-(bromomethyl)pyridine is the key intermediate in the synthesis of rupatadine. In this article, a new preparation of 5-methyl-3-(bromomethyl)pyridine hydrobromide in 65.9% overall yield is reported, which uses 5-methylnicotinic acid as the starting material. This method has the merits of being simple, efficient and environmentally friendly. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (5-Methylpyridin-3-yl)methanol (cas: 102074-19-1SDS of cas: 102074-19-1).

(5-Methylpyridin-3-yl)methanol (cas: 102074-19-1) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.SDS of cas: 102074-19-1

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Photocatalytic Chemodivergent Synthesis of α-gem-Dihalovinyl Ketones and Chromen-2-Ones from Monoalkynes was written by Xu, Zi-Yang;Liu, Yin-Ping;Liu, Xin;Fu, Rong;Hao, Wen-Juan;Tu, Shu-Jiang;Jiang, Bo. And the article was included in Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis in 2022.Product Details of 2216-51-5 This article mentions the following:

A general photocatalytic substrate-controlled chemodivergent strategy starting from monoalkynes with polyhalomethanes such as BrCCl₃ and CBr₄ was developed, enabling Kharasch-type addition/nucleophilic substitution cascade to selectively produce α-gem-dihalovinyl ketones and chromen-2-ones with moderate to good yields. Use of monoalkynes without addnl. nucleophilic sites furnished α-gem-dihalovinyl ketones through a Kharasch-type addition and intermol. allylic substitution cascade whereas the latter transformation of 2-ethynylphenols allowed the full breaking of carbon-halogen bonds of BrCX₃ to access functionalized chromen-2-ones. The late-stage application of these resulting α-gem-dihalovinyl ketones demonstrates the versatility of their derivatization. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5Product Details of 2216-51-5).

(1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Product Details of 2216-51-5

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Preparation of 4,7-dibromobenzo[b]thiophene as a versatile building block and synthetic application to a bis(ethynylthienyl)oligoarene system was written by Yamamoto, Takuya;Katsuta, Hiroshi;Toyota, Kozo;Iwamoto, Takeaki;Morita, Noboru. And the article was included in Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan in 2012.COA of Formula: C4H9NaS This article mentions the following:

Benzo[b]thiophene, 4,7-dibromobenzo[b]thiophene, thieno[3,2-b]thiophene, and 3-bromothieno[3,2-b]thiophene were prepared by AuCl-catalyzed cyclization of (tert-butylsulfanyl)(ethynyl)benzenes or (tert-butylsulfanyl)(ethynyl)thiophenes. Several reactions of 4,7-dibromobenzo[b]thiophene were investigated, including metalation and cross coupling reactions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate (cas: 29364-29-2COA of Formula: C4H9NaS).

Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate (cas: 29364-29-2) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.COA of Formula: C4H9NaS

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Study of ¹H NMR based urinary metabolites profiling dataset of canine mammary tumors was written by Lee, Songyeon;Seung, Byung-Joon;Yang, In Seok;Lee, Jueun;Ha, Taewoong;Park, Hee-Myung;Cheong, Jae-Ho;Kim, Sangwoo;Sur, Jung-Hyang;Hwang, Geum-Sook;Nam, Hojung. And the article was included in Scientific Data in 2022.Formula: C3H8O2 This article mentions the following:

The identification of efficient and sensitive biomarkers for non-invasive tests is one of the major challenges in cancer diagnosis. To address this challenge, metabolomics is widely applied for identifying biomarkers that detect abnormal changes in cancer patients. Canine mammary tumors exhibit physiol. characteristics identical to those in human breast cancer and serve as a useful animal model to conduct breast cancer research. Here, we aimed to provide a reliable large-scale metabolite dataset collected from dogs with mammary tumors, using proton NMR spectroscopy. We identified 55 metabolites in urine samples from 20 benign, 87 malignant, and 49 healthy control subjects. This dataset provides details of mammary tumor-specific metabolites in dogs and insights into cancer-specific metabolic alterations that share similar mol. characteristics. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6Formula: C3H8O2).

1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Formula: C3H8O2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Octanol-Water Partition Coefficients and Aqueous Solubility Data of Monoterpenoids: Experimental, Modeling, and Environmental Distribution was written by Vilas-Boas, Sergio M.;da Costa, Mariana C.;Coutinho, Joao A. P.;Ferreira, Olga;Pinho, Simao P.. And the article was included in Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research in 2022.COA of Formula: C10H20O This article mentions the following:

Terpenes and terpenoids encompass one of the most extensive and valuable classes of secondary metabolites. Their ten-carbon-containing oxygenated representatives, monoterpenoids, are the main components of plant essential oils, being widely exploited in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and food industrial areas. Due to its widespread use, it is crucial to investigate their environmental distribution. Thus, new water solubility data were obtained for six monoterpenoids ((1R)-(+)-camphor, (S)-(+)-carvone, eucalyptol, (1R)-(-)-fenchone, L-(-)-menthol, and (-)-menthone) at 298.2 and 313.2 K. Furthermore, octanol-water partition coefficients of 12 monoterpenoids (the six mentioned above plus carvacrol, (±)-β-citronellol, eugenol, geraniol, linalool, and thymol) were measured at 298.2 K. The COSMO-RS thermodn. model and other more empirical approaches were evaluated for the description of the solubilities and partition coefficients, showing reliable predictions. Lastly, the distribution of the monoterpenoids in the different environmental compartments was assessed through an intuitive two-dimensional chem. space diagram based on the physicochem. equilibrium information reported. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5COA of Formula: C10H20O).

(1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.COA of Formula: C10H20O

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts