Month: January 2023

Characterization of dehydration and hydration behavior of calcium lactate pentahydrate and its anhydrate was written by Sakata, Yukoh;Shiraishi, Sumihiro;Otsuka, Makoto. And the article was included in Colloids and Surfaces, B: Biointerfaces in 2005.Related Products of 5743-47-5 This article mentions the following:

The use of calcium lactate pentahydrate (CLP) as an addnl. filler-binder for direct compaction of tablets has been reported to result in a short disintegration time and rapid drug release. The aim of this study was to understand the dehydration and hydration behavior of CLP and calcium lactate anhydrate (CLA) under various conditions of storage temperature and relative humidity. The removal and acquisition of crystal water were investigated by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry-DTA (TG-DTA), powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD) and SEM. The PXRD results indicated that CLP exists as a crystalline solid and CLA as an amorphous solid. Dehydration of CLP resulted in aggregated particles of CLA with an increase in average particle size. The dehydration and hydration kinetics of CLP were analyzed with the Hancock-Sharp equation on the basis of the isothermal DSC data. The dehydration of CLP followed a zero-order mechanism (Polany-Winger equation). In contrast, the surface roughness of CLA was significantly decreased by hydration. The hydration of CLA followed a three-dimensional diffusion model (Ginstling-Brounshtein equation). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate pentahydrate (cas: 5743-47-5Related Products of 5743-47-5).

Calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate pentahydrate (cas: 5743-47-5) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Related Products of 5743-47-5

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Novel Acetylcholine and Carbamoylcholine Analogues: Development of a Functionally Selective α₄β₂ Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Agonist was written by Hansen, Camilla P.;Jensen, Anders A.;Christensen, Jeppe K.;Balle, Thomas;Liljefors, Tommy;Frolund, Bente. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2008.Related Products of 42514-50-1 This article mentions the following:

A series of carbamoylcholine and acetylcholine analogs were synthesized and characterized pharmacol. at neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Several of the compounds displayed low nanomolar binding affinities to the α₄β₂ nAChR and pronounced selectivity for this subtype over α₃β₄, α₄β₄, and α₇ nAChRs. The high nAChR activity of carbamoylcholine analog I oxalic acid salt was found to reside in its R-enantiomer, a characteristic most likely true for all other compounds in the series. Interestingly, the pronounced α₄β₂ selectivities exhibited by some of the compounds in the binding assays translated into functional selectivity. Compound II oxalic acid was a fairly potent partial α₄β₂ nAChR agonist with negligible activities at the α₃β₄ and α₇ subtypes, thus being one of the few truly functionally selective α₄β₂ nAChR agonists published to date. Ligand-protein docking experiments using homol. models of the amino-terminal domains of α₄β₂ and α₃β₄ nAChRs identified residues Val111(β₂)/Ile113(β₄), Phe119(β₂)/Gln121(β₄), and Thr155(α₄)/Ser150(α₃) as possible key determinants of the α₄β₂/α₃β₄-selectivity displayed by the analogs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Amino-3-methylbutan-1-ol (cas: 42514-50-1Related Products of 42514-50-1).

3-Amino-3-methylbutan-1-ol (cas: 42514-50-1) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Related Products of 42514-50-1

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Identification of a 4-fluorobenzyl L-valinate amide benzoxaborole (AN11736) as a potential development candidate for the treatment of Animal African Trypanosomiasis (AAT) was written by Akama, Tsutomu;Zhang, Yong-Kang;Freund, Yvonne R.;Berry, Pamela;Lee, Joanne;Easom, Eric E.;Jacobs, Robert T.;Plattner, Jacob J.;Witty, Michael J.;Peter, Rosemary;Rowan, Tim G.;Gillingwater, Kirsten;Brun, Reto;Nare, Bakela;Mercer, Luke;Xu, Musheng;Wang, Jiangong;Liang, Hao. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2018.Synthetic Route of C7H5F3O This article mentions the following:

Novel L-valinate amide benzoxaboroles and analogs were designed and synthesized for a structure-activity-relationship (SAR) investigation to optimize the growth inhibitory activity against Trypanosoma congolense (T. congolense) and Trypanosoma vivax (T. vivax) parasites. The study identified 4-fluorobenzyl (1-hydroxy-7-methyl-1,3-dihydrobenzo[c][1,2]oxaborole-6-carbonyl)-L-valinate (5, AN11736), which showed IC₅₀ values of 0.15 nM against T. congolense and 1.3 nM against T. vivax, and demonstrated 100% efficacy with a single dose of 10 mg/kg against both T. congolense and T. vivax in mouse models of infection (IP dosing) and in the target animal, cattle, dosed i.m. AN11736 has been advanced to early development studies. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (3,4,5-Trifluorophenyl)methanol (cas: 220227-37-2Synthetic Route of C7H5F3O).

(3,4,5-Trifluorophenyl)methanol (cas: 220227-37-2) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Synthetic Route of C7H5F3O

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Hypromellose – Collagen hydrogels/sesame oil organogel based bigels as controlled drug delivery systems was written by Corredor-Chaparro, Maira Yohana;Vargas-Riveros, Daniela;Mora-Huertas, Claudia Elizabeth. And the article was included in Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology in 2022.Synthetic Route of C3H8O2 This article mentions the following:

The search for novel strategies to formulate bioactive mols. for topical administration is a matter of permanent interest in the pharmaceutical field. As a contribution, the present work deepens the bigels, i.e., matrix-in-matrix systems resulting from mixing a hydrogel and an organogel. Hypromellose, collagen, gelatin, alginate, sesame oil, medium-chain triglycerides, and iso-Pr myristate were included among the starting materials investigated. Nonetheless, the bigels’ homogeneity and stability are determined by the nature and proportion of the starting materials and operating conditions used during their preparation On the other hand, bigels exhibit a different structure than the starting gels and other related systems such as emulgels, which govern their rheol. and texture behaviors, and modulate the drug delivery, as evidenced through the tests using diclofenac in its dissociated and non-dissociated forms. On this basis, this semisolid system attracts attention to developing versatile pharmaceutical products wherein controlled release of active mols. is intended. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6Synthetic Route of C3H8O2).

1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Synthetic Route of C3H8O2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Evaluation of the antiprion activity of 6-aminophenanthridines and related heterocycles was written by Nguyen, Phuhai;Oumata, Nassima;Soubigou, Flavie;Evrard, Justine;Desban, Nathalie;Lemoine, Pascale;Bouaziz, Serge;Blondel, Marc;Voisset, Cecile. And the article was included in European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2014.Safety of (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol This article mentions the following:

Several 6-(amino)phenanthridine derivatives and related heterocyclic compounds such as benzonaphtyridine derivatives were prepared A reduction of one of the three aromatic rings was also performed. The compounds were first tested for their antiprion activity in a previously described yeast-based colorimetric prion assay. The most potent derivatives were then assayed ex-vivo against the mammalian prion PrP^Sc in a cell-based assay. Several of the new compounds were found more potent than the parent lead 6-aminophenanthridine. The most promising compounds against yeast and mammalian prions were 8-azido-6-aminophenanthridine and 7,10-dihydrophenanthridin-6-amine. In the mammalian cell-based assay, the IC₅₀ of these two compounds were around 5 μM and 1.8 μM, resp. The synthesis of the target compounds was achieved by a coupling reaction of boronic acid esters, such as 2-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzenamine, 2-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzonitrile with suitable aryl bromides or aryl chlorides. The tilte compounds thus formed included 6-phenanthridinamine derivatives and analogs, such as benzo[c][2,6]naphthyridin-5-amine, benzo[h][1,6]naphthyridin-5-amine, benzo[c][1,8]naphthyridin-6-amine, benzo[c][1,6]naphthyridine, benzo[c]-1,5-naphthyridine. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3Safety of (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol).

(R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Safety of (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Nickel-catalyzed enantioselective 1,2-vinylboration of styrenes was written by Ye, Yang;Liu, Jiandong;Xu, Bing;Jiang, Songwei;Bai, Renren;Li, Shijun;Xie, Tian;Ye, Xiang-Yang. And the article was included in Chemical Science in 2021.HPLC of Formula: 128607-22-7 This article mentions the following:

A novel nickel-catalyzed asym. 1,2-vinylboration reaction has been developed to afford benzylic alkenylboration products with high yields and excellent enantioselectivities by using a chiral bisoxazoline ligand. Under optimized conditions, a wide variety of chiral 2-boryl-1,1-arylvinylalkanes are efficiently prepared from readily available olefins and vinyl halides in the presence of bis(pinacolato)diboron as the boron source in a mild and easy-to-operate manner. This three-component cascade protocol furnishes exceptional chemo- and stereoselectivity, and its usefulness is illustrated by its application in asym. modifications of several structurally complex natural products and pharmaceuticals. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7HPLC of Formula: 128607-22-7).

(Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.HPLC of Formula: 128607-22-7

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Efficacy of cumin (Cuminum cyminum) and lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) essential oils as anaesthesics in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.1758) was written by Metin, Secil;Yigit, Nalan Ozgur;Balkaya, Melike;Didinen, Behire Isil;Didinen, Hakan;Ozmen, Ozlem. And the article was included in Aquaculture Research in 2022.Safety of 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol This article mentions the following:

In this study, anesthetic effects of cumin and lavender essential oils by comparing with clove oil were determined on common carp. Fish (mean weight of 10 g) were exposed to nine concentrations of essential oils (5-500 mg L-1). Anesthesia induction, recovery times and mean LD of essential oils (10 min LC50 concentration) were evaluated sep. for each fish. In addition, histopathol. effects of essential oils on the fish tissues including hepatopancreas, gill and skin were investigated. The results showed that when the dose of essential oils increased, the time to anesthesia induction was shortened and the time to recovery from anesthesia was prolonged. Cumin essential oil at 300 mg L-1 dose and lavender oil at 400 mg L-1 dose on common carp showed similar anesthetic effects (sedative and deep anesthesia) to clove oil (p > .05). At these concentrations, sedative (Stage 2) and deep anesthesia (Stage 4) induction times were 105 and 187.5 s for cumin and 94 and 194 s for lavender resp. Recovery times at these concentrations were 415 s for cumin and 477.5 s for lavender. Mean LD of essential oils for carp were found as 450 mg L-1 for cumin oil and 500 mg L-1 for lavender oil. Histopathol. examination revealed no lesion in gill, skin and hepatopancreas in essential oils group. In the light of these findings, it was determined that lavender and cumin oils can be used as effective and safe anesthetic in common carp. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2Safety of 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol).

5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Safety of 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Synthesis and conformational study of stereoisomeric 3-benzylperhydro-1,2,3-benzoxathiazine and -benzoxathiazole 2-oxides was written by Viljanen, Tapio;Pihlaja, Kalevi;Fulop, Ferenc. And the article was included in Acta Chemica Scandinavica in 1996.Safety of Trans-2-(benzylamino)cyclohexanol This article mentions the following:

Cis- and trans-fused 3-benzyl-3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-1,2,3-benzoxathiazine 2-oxides and 3-benzyl-3H-3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-1,2,3-benzoxathiazole 2-oxides have been prepared by means of cyclization of cis- and trans-N-benzyl-2-aminomethyl- and -2-amino-cyclohexanols with thionyl chloride and N-sulfinylamides. Depending on the ring-closure reagent, different ratios of the diastereomers were found. Configurational and conformational assignments were based on the anal. of ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectra. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Trans-2-(benzylamino)cyclohexanol (cas: 40571-86-6Safety of Trans-2-(benzylamino)cyclohexanol).

Trans-2-(benzylamino)cyclohexanol (cas: 40571-86-6) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Safety of Trans-2-(benzylamino)cyclohexanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Synthesis of cineol. I. By-products in the synthesis of terpinhydrate from α-pinene was written by Matsubara, Yoshiharu;Ishiguri, Norio;Wakabayashi, Shoji. And the article was included in Kogyo Kagaku Zasshi in 1953.Related Products of 2451-01-6 This article mentions the following:

750 g. α-pinene, b. 155-7° , was treated with 2250 g. of H₂SO₄ (35%) in the presence of iso-amyl alc. (2% of amount of H₂SO₄) at 20° for 60 hrs., and after separation of terpin hydrate, 817 g. of oily product was obtained. Further examinations of the oil revealed that the following products are contained: cineol, dipentene, p-cymene, α-terpinene, dl-α-terpineol, borneol, iso-borneol, and 1-β-fenchyl alc. (b₁₃ 91-3°, d₂₅ 0.9496, n_D²⁵ 1.4761). No yield is given. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, rel-(1s,4s)-4-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methylcyclohexanol hydrate (cas: 2451-01-6Related Products of 2451-01-6).

rel-(1s,4s)-4-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methylcyclohexanol hydrate (cas: 2451-01-6) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Related Products of 2451-01-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

N-Fluorobenzenaminium tetrafluoroborate generated in situ by aniline and Selectfluor as a reusable catalyst for the ring opening of epoxides with amines under microwave irradiation was written by Chauhan, Man Mohan Singh;Yadav, Geeta Devi;Hussain, Firasat;Singh, Surendra. And the article was included in Catalysis Science & Technology in 2014.Formula: C13H19NO This article mentions the following:

The ring opening of epoxides with aromatic and aliphatic amines was carried out under solvent free conditions using N-fluorobenzenaminium tetrafluoroborate (2 mol%) generated in situ by the reaction of aniline and Selectfluor as a catalyst with microwave irradiation [e.g., cyclohexene oxide + PhNH₂ in presence of PhNH₂F⁺ BF₄^– and microwave → trans-2-anilinocyclohexanol (up to 98%)]. Excellent yields of β-amino alcs. were obtained. The catalyst also results in the retention of the stereochem. for the ring opening of enantiopure epoxide with amine. The catalyst was recovered and reused up to 4 cycles for the ring opening of cyclohexene oxide with aniline. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Trans-2-(benzylamino)cyclohexanol (cas: 40571-86-6Formula: C13H19NO).

Trans-2-(benzylamino)cyclohexanol (cas: 40571-86-6) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Formula: C13H19NO

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts