Month: January 2023

Oxo-Rhenium-Catalyzed Radical Addition of Benzylic Alcohols to Olefins was written by Bandari, Chandrasekhar;Nicholas, Kenneth M.. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2020.Computed Properties of C7H6Cl2O This article mentions the following:

Although carbon radicals generated from a variety of alc. derivatives have proven valuable in coupling and addition reactions, the direct use of alcs. as synthetically useful radical sources is less known. In this report, benzylic alcs. are shown to be effective radical precursors for addition reactions to alkenes when treated with triphenylphosphine or piperidine with the catalyst ReIO₂(PPh₃)₂ (I). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8Computed Properties of C7H6Cl2O).

(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Computed Properties of C7H6Cl2O

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Synthesis of Lafutidine was written by Tao, Feng;Lu, Chunxu. And the article was included in Zhongguo Yiyao Gongye Zazhi in 2004.Synthetic Route of C6H6BrNO This article mentions the following:

Lafutidine, a histamine H₂-receptor antagonist, was synthesized by bromination, oxidation, reduction, oxidation, etherification of 2-amino-4-methylpyridine to give 2-[4-(tetrapyran-2-yloxyl)-(2Z)-buten-oxy]-4-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)pyridine, which was subjected to hydrolysis, chlorination, Gabriel reaction, hydrazinolysis in one pot followed by amidation, hydrolysis and then condensation with piperidine. The overall yield of lafutidine was 6.8%. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Bromopyridine-4-methanol (cas: 118289-16-0Synthetic Route of C6H6BrNO).

2-Bromopyridine-4-methanol (cas: 118289-16-0) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Synthetic Route of C6H6BrNO

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

High clarity polyurethane laminating adhesives based on poly(propylene glycol). Effect of hard segment on microphase morphology, haze and adhesion was written by McCreath, S.;Boinard, P.;Boinard, E.;Gritter, P.;Liggat, J. J.. And the article was included in International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives in 2022.Recommanded Product: 57-55-6 This article mentions the following:

A series of polyurethanes were prepared, with poly(propylene glycol) used as soft-phase due to the high clarity of this polyol and absence of carbonyl functionality, which allows for hard-phase architecture to be resolved with greater resolution In total, eight adhesives were synthesized, each contained a different chain-extender formulation to gauge what influence hard-phase architecture had on laminate haze and peel strength. This was investigated using either 4,4-methylene di-Ph diisocyanate or isophorone diisocyanate as hard-phase with trimethylolpropane as the only chain-extender or by including one of the following sterically hindered diols: 2,2-diethyl-1,3-propane diol, 1,3-butane diol or 1,2-propane diol. DSC anal. showed that microphase morphol. was strongly influenced by the diisocyanate present, as shown by the degree of phase mixing being greater in methylene di-Ph diisocyanate based formulations when compared with isophorone diisocyanate based. This resulted in higher haze values being encountered for both polycarbonate and ethanolamine surface-treated polycarbonate laminates which contained methylene di-Ph diisocyanate based formulations when compared to isophorone diisocyanate based formulations, where all values were <1.5%. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6Recommanded Product: 57-55-6).

1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Recommanded Product: 57-55-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Photo-responsive polymeric micelles and prodrugs: synthesis and characterization was written by Wang, Shiu-Wei;Lin, Yin-Ku;Fang, Jia-You;Lee, Ren-Shen. And the article was included in RSC Advances in 2018.Recommanded Product: 60463-12-9 This article mentions the following:

Bio-recognizable and photocleavable amphiphilic glycopolymers and prodrugs containing photodegradable linkers (i.e. 5-hydroxy-2-nitrobenzyl alc.) as junction points between bio-recognizable hydrophilic glucose (or maltose) and hydrophobic poly(α-azo-ε-caprolactone)-grafted alkyne or drug chains were synthesized by combining ring-opening polymerization, nucleophilic substitution, and “click” post-functionalization with alkynyl-pyrene and 2-nitrobenzyl-functionalized indomethacin (IMC). The block-grafted glycocopolymers could self-assemble into spherical photoresponsive micelles with hydrodynamic sizes of <200 nm. Fluorescence emission measurements indicated the release of Nile red, a hydrophobic dye, encapsulated by the Glyco-ONB-P(αN₃CL-g-alkyne)_n micelles, in response to irradiation caused by micelle disruption. Light-triggered bursts were observed for IMC-loaded or -conjugated micelles during the first 5 h. Following light irradiation, the drug release rate of IMC-conjugated micelles was faster than that of IMC-loaded micelles. Selective lectin binding experiments confirmed that glycosylated Glyco-ONB-P(αN₃CL-g-alkyne)_n could be used in bio-recognition applications. The nano-prodrug with and without UV irradiation was associated with negligible levels of toxicity at concentrations of less than 30μg mL^-1. The confocal microscopy and flow cytometry results indicated that the uptake of doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded micelles with UV irradiation by HeLa cells was faster than without UV irradiation The DOX-loaded Gluco-ONB-P(αN₃CL-g-PONBIMC)₁₀ micelles effectively inhibited HeLa cells’ proliferation with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 8.8μg mL^-1. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9Recommanded Product: 60463-12-9).

3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Recommanded Product: 60463-12-9

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Characterization and antibacterial activity study of α-Lactalbumin-carvacrol complex was written by Diao, Mengxue;Yan, Mi;Wang, Yingyi;Yan, Xiaoxia;Dong, Shuyue;Lu, Yitong;Zhang, Tiehua. And the article was included in Food Chemistry in 2022.Safety of 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol This article mentions the following:

Food contamination and poisoning caused by bacteria will endanger human health, and the development of natural antibacterial agents is a pressing issue. We prepared ALA-Car complex and demonstrated its formation by multi-spectroscopy techniques and localized surface plasmon resonance experiments Computer simulations have shown that van der Waals forces dominate the interaction between ALA and Car. The min. inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Car toward Gram-neg. Escherichia coli was decreased from 336 μg/mL to 224 μg/mL after binding to ALA. It had little effect on the MIC of Gram-pos. Staphylococcus aureus (224 μg/mL), but further proved Car had a weaker antibacterial activity than the ALA-Car complex by the spread plate method. Overall, this work demonstrated that the ALA-Car complex had significantly higher antibacterial activities than Car, further advancing the development of natural antibacterial agents. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2Safety of 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol).

5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Safety of 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Enantioselective Hydroboration of Ketones Catalyzed by Rare-Earth-Metal Complexes Supported with Phenoxy-Functionalized TsDPEN Ligands was written by Yu, Qishun;Lu, Chengrong;Zhao, Bei. And the article was included in Organometallics in 2021.Application In Synthesis of (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol This article mentions the following:

Six novel chiral rare-earth-metal complexes bearing the phenoxy-functionalized TsDPEN ligands I (H₃Lⁿ, R¹, R² = = ^tBu, Me, H, 1-adamantyl, OMe; R³ = 4-Me, 3-Me, 2-Me, 4-^tBu, H, 4-F, 4-CF₃) were prepared and well characterized. The solid-state structures of four tetranuclear rare-earth-metal complexes [Ln₂L¹₃]₂ (1–4; R¹ = R² = ^tBu, R³ = 4-Me; Ln = Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd) and the dual-core yttrium complex [Y₂L¹₃] (5) were determined by X-ray diffraction, resp. The structure of lanthanum complex 6 was speculated by the ¹H DOSY spectroscopy in THF-d₈ together with DFT calculations Complexes 1–5 were employed to catalyze the enantioselective hydroboration of ketones and α,β-unsaturated ketones using pinacolborane (HBpin) as a reductant, and complex 1 gave better outcomes in comparison to the others. The corresponding secondary alcs. were obtained in excellent yields and moderate ee values. The same results were also achieved using the combined catalyst system of the neodymium amide Nd[N(SiMe₃)₂]₃ with the phenoxy-functionalized TsDPEN ligand H₃L¹ in a 1:1.5 molar ratio. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9Application In Synthesis of (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol).

(R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Application In Synthesis of (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Thermal Prandtl-Eyring hybridized MoS₂-SiO₂/C₃H₈O₂ and SiO₂-C₃H₈O₂ nanofluids for effective solar energy absorber and entropy optimization: A solar water pump implementation was written by Salawu, S. O.;Obalalu, A. M.;Fatunmbi, E. O.;Oderinu, R. A.. And the article was included in Journal of Molecular Liquids in 2022.Computed Properties of C3H8O2 This article mentions the following:

The functional properties of a hybridized nanofluid offer high applications in nanotechnol. advancement and efficient industrial output. Hence, this anal. focuses on the dynamical properties of a magnetized viscoplastic nanofluid of solar heat absorber for water pump. The hybridization of Prandtl-Eyring fluid, molybdenum disulfide and silicon dioxide nanoparticles in propylene glycol liquid is examined with Ohmic heating and viscous dissipation. A second order parabolic trough slip collector of radiative solar energy absorber is used to study the flowing fluid characteristics. A dimensionless math. model is obtained with convective cooling and slip boundary conditions via similarity quantities, and the model is solved by Chebyshev collocation technique. The optimization of entropy is determined using the thermodn. second law. In tabular form, the results comparison is done, and the wall friction and heat gradient are presented. The hybridized nanofluid significantly lowers the entropy generation in the presence of Prandtl-Eyring material as compared to the single nanofluid. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6Computed Properties of C3H8O2).

1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Computed Properties of C3H8O2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

ZrCl₄ as a new and efficient catalyst for the opening of epoxide rings by amines was written by Chakraborti, Asit K.;Kondaskar, Atul. And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 2003.Application of 40571-86-6 This article mentions the following:

Zirconium(IV) chloride catalyzes the nucleophilic opening of epoxide rings by amines leading to the efficient synthesis of β-amino alcs. The reaction works well with aromatic and aliphatic amines in short times at room temperature in the absence of solvent. Exclusive trans stereoselectivity is observed for cyclic epoxides. Aromatic amines exhibit excellent regioselectivity for preferential nucleophilic attack at the sterically less hindered position during the reaction with unsym. epoxides. However, in case of styrene oxide, selective formation of the benzylic amine was observed during the reactions with aromatic amines. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Trans-2-(benzylamino)cyclohexanol (cas: 40571-86-6Application of 40571-86-6).

Trans-2-(benzylamino)cyclohexanol (cas: 40571-86-6) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Application of 40571-86-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

The First Observation on Dual Self-Closed and Extended Assembly Modes in Supertetrahedral T3 Cluster Based Open-Framework Chalcogenide was written by Wang, Wei;Yang, Huajun;Xue, Chaozhuang;Luo, Min;Lin, Jian;Hu, Dandan;Wang, Xiang;Lin, Zhien;Wu, Tao. And the article was included in Crystal Growth & Design in 2017.Product Details of 5856-63-3 This article mentions the following:

Reported here is a new open-framework metal chalcogenide semiconductor with omy topol. built from typical supertetrahedral T3-InSnS cluster via dual self-closed and extended assembly modes. This represents the second case containing dual assembly modes in cluster based open-framework superlattices. Interestingly, the self-closed assembly of T3 clusters results in an unprecedented supersupertetrahedral T3,2 cluster, being a new member filling in the blank in the family of supersupertetrahedral clusters. In addition, the title compound also shows good photocatalytic activity for the degradation of methylene blue. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3Product Details of 5856-63-3).

(R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Product Details of 5856-63-3

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Replacement of fish meal with Methanotroph (Methylococcus capsulatus, Bath) bacteria meal in the diets of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) was written by Chen, Yongkang;Chi, Shuyan;Zhang, Shuang;Dong, Xiaohui;Yang, Qihui;Liu, Hongyu;Zhang, Wei;Deng, Junming;Tan, Beiping;Xie, Shiwei. And the article was included in Aquaculture in 2021.Synthetic Route of C18H32CaN2O10 This article mentions the following:

Methanotroph (Methylococcus capsulatus, Bath) bacteria meal is a kind of bacterial protein meal (BPM) with an excellent nutrition profile. This study evaluated the effects of replacing fish meal (FM) with BPM on growth, antioxidant capacity, intestinal morphol., and gut microbiota of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). A basal diet was formulated to contain 25% FM, then 15, 30 and 45% of FM was replaced with BPM, which were identified FM, BPM15, BPM30, and BPM45 diets, resp. Triplicate groups (40 shrimp per replicate) of shrimp (0.88 ± 0.01 g) were fed the test diets to apparent satiation four times daily for 7 wk. There were no significant differences in growth performance among four groups. Malondialdehyde content and anti-oxidative enzymes activity in hepatopancreas were significantly increased with increasing BPM levels. For intestinal histol., the circular muscle layer thickness was significantly increased in BPM45. The mucosal folds height of shrimp fed BPM45 was significantly higher than those fed BPM15. The width of mucosal folds in BPM15 and BPM30 was significantly reduced comparing with FM. Transmission electron microscopy results showed that intestinal microvilli was impaired and endoplasmic reticulum stress was present in shrimp fed BPM45 diet. However, dietary BPM improved the diversity of intestinal microbiota, and more beneficial microbiota such as Pseudoalteromonas, Ruegeria, and Lactobacillus, as well as less harmful microbiota such as Vibrio were found in the gut of BPM45. A 12-day challenge study with Vibrio parahaemolyticus showed that shrimp fed diet BPM15 had a significantly lower mortality throughout the challenge trial. To conclude, BPM replacement of fish meal did not affect growth performance and feed utilization of shrimp. The high dietary inclusion of BPM increased the oxidation level in the hepatopancreas of shrimp and BPM was able to increase the height of the mucosal folds, improve the gut microbiota structure and increase the disease resistance of shrimp. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6Synthetic Route of C18H32CaN2O10).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Synthetic Route of C18H32CaN2O10

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts