Month: January 2023

Accelerated Decomposition of Potassium Permanganate in Ferrocenium Ion as Ferrocenium-Doped Manganese(IV) Oxide for Selective Oxidation of Alcohols was written by Chumkaeo, Peerapong;Poonsawat, Thinnaphat;Yunita, Isti;Temnuch, Natcha;Meechai, Titiya;Kumpan, Nuttapong;Khamthip, Achjana;Chuaitammakit, Laksamee Chaicharoenwimolkul;Chairam, Sanoe;Somsook, Ekasith. And the article was included in Synlett in 2022.HPLC of Formula: 873-76-7 This article mentions the following:

Ferrocenium-doped manganese(IV) oxide (Fc⁺/MnO₂) was synthesized through accelerated decomposition of KMnO₄ in the presence of ferrocenium ion (Fc⁺) generated by concentrated sulfuric acid. The corresponding catalysts enabled highly efficient oxidation of alcs. with aldehyde or ketone. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7HPLC of Formula: 873-76-7).

(4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.HPLC of Formula: 873-76-7

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

A Convenient Method for the Asymmetric Synthesis of Fluorinated α-Amino Acids from Alcohols was written by Drouet, Fleur;Noisier, Anais F. M.;Harris, Craig S.;Furkert, Daniel P.;Brimble, Margaret A.. And the article was included in European Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2014.HPLC of Formula: 220227-37-2 This article mentions the following:

Due to their numerous applications, fluorinated amino acids have recently attracted significant attention. The preparation of fluorine-containing phenylalanines and aliphatic fluorinated amino acids using Mitsunobu-Tsunoda alkylation of a chiral nucleophilic glycine equivalent with readily available alc. substrates is described. The reaction proceeds in high yields and with excellent diastereoselectivity. This method provides an efficient synthetic route to fluorinated amino acids for which asym. approaches are scarce. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (3,4,5-Trifluorophenyl)methanol (cas: 220227-37-2HPLC of Formula: 220227-37-2).

(3,4,5-Trifluorophenyl)methanol (cas: 220227-37-2) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.HPLC of Formula: 220227-37-2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Improvement of environmental stress cracking performance, load-carrying capacity, and UV light barrier property of polyethylene terephthalate packaging material was written by Inaner, Nihat Burhan;Demirel, Bilal;Yaras, Ali;Akkurt, Fatih;Daver, Fugen. And the article was included in Polymers for Advanced Technologies in 2022.Recommanded Product: 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) This article mentions the following:

This study deals with the improvement of light barrier properties and stress cracking strength of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) packaging materials by incorporating calcium metaborate (CaB₂O₄). CaB₂O₄ powders were synthesized by the sol-gel method. After the extrusion process produced PET/ CaB₂O₄ granules, the preform and bottle production was carried out by injection molding and blow molding. Compared to pure PET, UV transmittance is reduced (∼88%), and it is more effective at lower wavelengths (<800 nm). Similarly, the presence of CaB₂O₄ improved the environmental stress cracking performance of PET packaging materials. While the burst strength increased in the range of 0.05%-0.2% CaB₂O₄ concentration, it decreased at higher concentrations The load-carrying capacity is approx. 109% higher than pure PET. Acetic acid (COOH) degradation increased with the incorporation of CaB₂O₄ particles, while isophthalic acid and diethylene glycol degradations did not change. The exptl. data indicate that the photocatalytic degradation of the PET bottle is prevented significantly, and its mech. performance is also improved with the incorporation of CaB₂O₄. Thanks to this novel product, the quality of food and beverages in PET packaging materials can be protected from the harmful effects of light, and the deformation of PET packaging materials can be prevented for various reasons. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6Recommanded Product: 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol)).

2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Recommanded Product: 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol)

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Probing cavity versus surface preference of fluorescent template molecules in molecularly imprinted polystyrene microspheres was written by Sonawane, Swapnil L.;Asha, S. K.. And the article was included in Journal of Polymer Science, Part A: Polymer Chemistry in 2017.Recommanded Product: Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate This article mentions the following:

Functional polystyrene (PS) crosslinked microbeads were developed by dispersion polymerization as fluorescent molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) having cavities with specific recognition sites. The functional azobenzene mol. modified with pyridine was self-assembled with Pyrenebutyric acid (template mols.), and introduced during the second stage of dispersion polymerization of polystyrene. The template mol. was removed from MIP by Soxhlet using acetonitrile as solvent. Non-imprinted polymer (NIP) having no template was also synthesized for comparative study. Fluorescence spectroscopy could be used as a tool to derive insight into the location of the template mols. on the MIP or NIP. The template mols. were adsorbed on the surface of the NIPs during binding studies, which was evidenced from the pyrene excimeric emission observed at 440 nm. The template binding efficiency of the NIPs were much lower compared to MIPs. Pyrene emission from MIP upon rebinding showed typical monomeric emission in the 375-395 nm range, confirming its location in isolated cavities. In rebinding studies of the template mols., the MIPs selectively took up the template for which the cavity was designed, which demonstrated their selectivity towards template mols. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym.Chem. 2017. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate (cas: 4074-88-8Recommanded Product: Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate).

Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate (cas: 4074-88-8) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Recommanded Product: Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Synthesis of porous polymers by means of Michael addition reaction of multifunctional acetoacetate and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate was written by Naga, Naofumi;Satoh, Mitsusuke;Magara, Tomoyuki;Ahmed, Kumkum;Nakano, Tamaki. And the article was included in European Polymer Journal in 2022.Application of 149-32-6 This article mentions the following:

Michael-addition reaction between multifunctional-acetoacetate, meso-erythritol tetra-acetoacetate (ETAA) or d-sorbitol hexa-acetoacetate (SHAA), and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) has been investigated to obtain the corresponding network polymer. The reactions in mixtures of ethanol (EtOH) and DMSO (DMSO) using 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undecane-7-ene (DBU) as a catalyst successfully yielded porous polymers. Polymerization conditions, such as EtOH/DMSO volume ratio, DBU/PEGDA feed ratio, and monomer concentration, strongly affected the morphol. of the network polymer products, i.e., gel, porous polymer, or precipitate The surface morphol. of the porous polymers showed connected spheres with diameters ranged from 2μm to 50μm. The monomer concentration and molar mass of PEGDA affected the diameter of the spheres in the porous polymers. All the porous polymers were soft and flexible, and were not breakable by compression. Various solvents were absorbed into the porous polymer due to their high affinity with polyethylene glycol units in the network structure. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6Application of 149-32-6).

(2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Application of 149-32-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

PCM Slurry using Ammonium Alum and Propylene Glycol for Heat Transportation was written by Otsubo, Takumu;Hidema, Ruri;Suzuki, Hiroshi. And the article was included in International Journal of Refrigeration in 2022.HPLC of Formula: 57-55-6 This article mentions the following:

A phase-change material (PCM) slurry for storing and transporting waste heat was studied. The PCM used in this study was ammonium aluminum sulfate dodecahydrate (ammonium alum). Ammonium alum has a m.p. of 93.5°C and a latent heat of 259.9 kJ kg^-1; however, ammonium alum slurry (prepared by mixing ammonium alum and water) has a lower latent heat of 12.1 kJ kg^-1 (at a mass fraction of AlNH4(SO₄)₂ of 15 wt%) owing to its high solubility To decrease the solubility of ammonium alum, novel ammonium alum slurry was proposed using propylene glycol (PG) as a poor solvent. In this study, the solubility of ammonium alum in PG and water mixtures was measured. The phase change characteristics were measured using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The effects of the mass fraction of ammonium alum and the mass fraction of PG on the m.p. and latent heat of the PCM were investigated. It was observed that when the mass fraction of PG increased, the latent heat and m.p. increased. In this case, for the same m.p., the volume of particles of ammonium alum can be reduced by adding PG. The viscosity of the saturated ammonium alum solution was measured using a rheometer. The viscosity of the slurry was estimated using Einstein′s viscosity equation. The heat-transfer efficiency of the prepared ammonium slurry was analyzed based on these results. It was concluded that the slurry proposed in this study is effective for heat transportation. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6HPLC of Formula: 57-55-6).

1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.HPLC of Formula: 57-55-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Pharmacokinetic parameters explain the therapeutic activity of antimicrobial agents in a silkworm infection model was written by Paudel, Atmika;Panthee, Suresh;Urai, Makoto;Hamamoto, Hiroshi;Ohwada, Tomohiko;Sekimizu, Kazuhisa. And the article was included in Scientific Reports in 2018.Application of 1777-82-8 This article mentions the following:

Poor pharmacokinetic parameters are a major reason for the lack of therapeutic activity of some drug candidates. Determining the pharmacokinetic parameters of drug candidates at an early stage of development requires an inexpensive animal model with few associated ethical issues. In this study, we used the silkworm infection model to perform structure-activity relationship studies of an antimicrobial agent, GPI0039, a novel nitrofuran dichloro-benzyl ester, and successfully identified compound 5, a nitrothiophene dichloro-benzyl ester, as a potent antimicrobial agent with superior therapeutic activity in the silkworm infection model. Further, we compared the pharmacokinetic parameters of compound 5 with a nitrothiophene benzyl ester lacking chlorine, compound 7, that exerted similar antimicrobial activity but had less therapeutic activity in silkworms, and examined the metabolism of these antimicrobial agents in human liver fractions in vitro. Compound 5 had appropriate pharmacokinetic parameters, such as an adequate half-life, slow clearance, large area under the curve, low volume of distribution, and long mean residence time, compared with compound 7, and was slowly metabolized by human liver fractions. These findings suggest that the therapeutic effectiveness of an antimicrobial agent in the silkworms reflects appropriate pharmacokinetic properties. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8Application of 1777-82-8).

(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Application of 1777-82-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Dietary niacin requirement of fingerling Indian major carp Catla catla Hamilton was written by Khan, Younis Mohd;Khan, Mukhtar A.. And the article was included in Aquaculture Nutrition in 2021.Name: Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate This article mentions the following:

A feeding trial was conducted to determine the dietary niacin requirement of fingerling Catla catla. Eight casein-gelatin based isonitrogenous (350 g/kg CP) and iso-caloric (16.72 kJ/g GE) test diets with graded levels of niacin (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 mg/kg diet) were formulated and fed to triplicate groups of fingerlings (3.5 ± 0.5 g) to apparent satiation thrice daily for 16 wk. Live weight gain (LWG%), feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER%) and protein productive value (PPV) improved significantly (p < .05) with the incremental levels of dietary niacin up to 30 mg/kg diet beyond which no significant (p > .05) difference was observed in above parameters. RNA/DNA ratio also increased significantly (p < .05) as dietary niacin levels increased from 0 to 30 mg/kg, and thereafter remained unaffected with further inclusion of niacin. Blood indexes including haematocrit (Hct), Hb (Hb) and RBCs counts were significantly (p < .05) affected by varying levels of dietary niacin and also found to be highest in fish fed 30 mg/kg niacin. However, liver niacin concentration increased significantly (p < .05) with increasing dietary niacin levels up to 40 mg/kg diet indicating liver niacin saturation at this level. Broken-line regression anal. of LWG, FCR, PPV and liver niacin concentrations against varying levels of dietary niacin indicated the break points at 27.71, 27.81, 30.75 and 40.64 mg niacin per kg of the dry diet, resp. On the basis of the results obtained through regression anal. of above parameters, inclusion of 31.72 mg/kg niacin diet is recommended for fingerling C. catla. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6Name: Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Name: Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Syntheses employing pyridyllithium reagents. New routes to 2,6-disubstituted pyridines and 6,6’disubstituted 2,2′-bipyridyls was written by Parks, J. E.;Wagner, B. E.;Holm, R. H.. And the article was included in Journal of Organometallic Chemistry in 1973.Application In Synthesis of 2-Bromo-6-(2-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)pyridine This article mentions the following:

New 2,6-disubstituted pyridine derivatives were prepared using 6-bromo-2-lithiopyridine (I) as an intermediate. Thus, I and MeCONMe2 gave 2-acetyl-6-bromopyridine. Subsequent replacement of the 6-bromine can be effected by metal-halogen exchange or other reactions in some cases. Reactions of 6-lithio-2,2′-bipyridyl and 6,6′-dilithio-2,2′-bipyridyl are described. CuCl2 was an effective coupling agent for lithiopyridine reagents, allowing facile and high yield syntheses of substituted 2,2′-bipyridyls. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Bromo-6-(2-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)pyridine (cas: 49669-14-9Application In Synthesis of 2-Bromo-6-(2-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)pyridine).

2-Bromo-6-(2-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)pyridine (cas: 49669-14-9) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Application In Synthesis of 2-Bromo-6-(2-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)pyridine

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

The Efficacy and Safety of Ospemifene in Treating Dyspareunia Associated with Postmenopausal Vulvar and Vaginal Atrophy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis was written by Cui, Yuanshan;Zong, Huantao;Yan, Huilei;Li, Nan;Zhang, Yong. And the article was included in Journal of Sexual Medicine in 2014.Computed Properties of C24H23ClO2 This article mentions the following:

Introduction : Ospemifene, a novel selective estrogen receptor modulator, has been developed for the treatment of vulvovaginal atrophy and dyspareunia in postmenopausal women. Aim : We carried out a systematic review and meta-anal. to assess the efficacy and safety of the drug for treating dyspareunia associated with postmenopausal vulvar and vaginal atrophy. Methods : A literature review was performed to identify all published randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of ospemifene for the treatment of vulvovaginal atrophy and dyspareunia. The search included the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register. The reference lists of the retrieved studies were also investigated. A systematic review and meta-anal. was conducted. Main Outcome Measures : Six publications involving a total of 1,772 patients were used in the anal., including three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that were short-term (12 wk) comparisons of ospemifene with placebo and three RCTs that were long-term (1 yr) comparisons of ospemifene with placebo. Results : For the comparison of short-term ospemifene with placebo, parabasal cells (the standardized mean difference [SMD] = -37.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -41.83 to -33.17, P < 0.00001), superficial cells (SMD = 9.24, 95% CI = 7.70 to 10.79, P < 0.00001), vaginal PH (SMD = -0.89, 95% CI = -0.98 to -0.80, P = 0.00001), and dyspareunia (SMD = -0.37, 95% CI = -0.43 to -0.30, P = 0.00001) indicated that ospemifene was more effective than the placebo. For the comparison of long-term ospemifene with placebo, endometrial thickness (SMD = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.58 to 1.23, P = 0.00001), treatment emergent adverse event, discontinuations due to adverse event, and serious adverse event indicated that ospemifene was generally safe. Conclusions : This meta-anal. indicates that ospemifene to be an effective and safe treatment for dyspareunia associated with postmenopausal vulvar and vaginal atrophy. Cui Y, Zong HT, Yan HL, Li N, and Zhang Y. Treating dyspareunia associated with postmenopausal vulvar and vaginal atrophy: A systematic review and meta-anal. J Sex Med 2014;11:487-497. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7Computed Properties of C24H23ClO2).

(Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Computed Properties of C24H23ClO2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts