Month: January 2023

Inhibition of Clostridium histolyticum collagenases by phosphonamide peptide inhibitors was written by Dive, Vincent;Yiotakis, Athanasios;Nicolaou, Anna;Toma, Flavio. And the article was included in European Journal of Biochemistry in 1990.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Several phosphonamide peptides having the general structure R-PO(OH)-Xaa-Yaa-Zaa were synthesized and tested for inhibition of C. histolyticum collagenase. Inhibition depended on the nature of R, Xaa, Yaa, and Zaa such that the maximal affinity (K_i = 5 nM) was observed when R = p-nitrophenylethyl, Xaa = Gly, Yaa = Pro, and Zaa = 2-aminohexanoic acid; this represents the tightest binding of inhibitor reported to date for any bacterial collagenase. Substitution of the p-nitrophenylethyl by a Me group led to a 500-fold decrease of the potency, highlighting the existence of optimal interaction between the nitrophenylethyl side chain and one subsite of the enzyme. Replacement of the NH group in glycine residue (Xaa position) by -O- or -N-CH₃ produces significantly less potent inhibitors, presumably due in part to the loss of a H bond between the inhibitor and collagenase active site. These phosphonamidates are thought to be acting as transition-state analogs of the peptide substrate. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethanol (cas: 2968-93-6Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks).

2-(4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethanol (cas: 2968-93-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

A novel composite edible film fabricated by incorporating W/O/W emulsion into a chitosan film to improve the protection of fresh fish meat was written by Yuan, Dongdong;Hao, Xu;Liu, Guorong;Yue, Ying;Duan, Jiaojiao. And the article was included in Food Chemistry in 2022.Quality Control of 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol This article mentions the following:

A novel edible composite film constructed by incorporating W1/O/W2 emulsion (W1: aqueous solution of nisin; W2: water; oil phase: carvacrol) into chitosan film was characterized. Influences of preparing parameters on properties, especially stability, of primary and double emulsions were evaluated, and more persistent antibacterial activity was achieved. The films tension strength was increased by incorporating double emulsion at low concentration, but its oxygen permeability increased after this incorporation. The composite film displayed significant inhibitory effects on both Gram-pos. and Gram-neg. bacteria. SEM showed a sign of aggregation of some emulsion droplets near the surface of the composite film. FTIR found no pronounced interaction between the added active agents and chitosan. TGA proved that the double emulsion helped to increase the thermal stability of the film at high temperature Coating salmon fillets with the composite film significantly increased the shelf life of fish fillets, demonstrating optimal potency in preserving fish fillets. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2Quality Control of 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol).

5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Quality Control of 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Bubble-injection-enabled significant reduction of supercooling and controllable triggering of crystallization of erythritol for medium-temperature thermal energy storage was written by Yang, Sheng;Shao, Xue-Feng;Shi, Hong-Yi;Luo, Jia-Hao;Fan, Li-Wu. And the article was included in Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells in 2022.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Erythritol, having a nominal m.p. of ~118°C, has been considered a candidate phase change material (PCM) for medium-temperature thermal energy storage (TES) due to its large latent heat of fusion (~330 kJ/kg). However, it suffers from severe supercooling effect, up to several tens of °C, upon crystallization by cooling, which remains to be a critical issue for its application. Here we propose a novel method of injection of gas bubbles into subcooled liquid erythritol to facilitate the nucleation of erythritol crystals, so as to reduce its degree of supercooling. Using this method, we obtained successfully an unprecedented reduction of the degree of supercooling of erythritol down to only 5°C, which is much lower than those achieved by other conventional methods like adding a nucleating agent or ultrasonication. As a bonus, the latent heat of crystallization was found to be greatly increased by nearly 50%, from 218.2 kJ/kg to 322.3 kJ/kg. The injection of bubbles also enables an effective way for actively triggering the crystallization of erythritol in a controllable manner. Our results showed that by changing the injecting timing of bubbles, crystallization can always be triggered immediately with only the crystallization point being varied over a wide range. The injection of bubbles is thus deemed to be a highly-efficient, cost-effective, and scalable method for addressing the supercooling issue of erythritol, and other similar PCMs with deep supercooling, making it more promising for TES applications. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks).

(2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

What new therapeutic options exist for the relief of menopausal symptoms? was written by Raney, Erin C. And the article was included in JAAPA : official journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants in 2015.Related Products of 128607-22-7 This article mentions the following:

Two new products recently approved for the treatment of menopausal symptoms contain estrogen receptor agonists/antagonists, which have varying effects on bone, breast, endometrial, and vaginal tissues. Ospemifene improves symptoms of dyspareunia associated with vulvovaginal atrophy. Bazedoxifene combined with conjugated estrogens improves vasomotor symptoms and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. Clinicians must consider the increased risk for venous and arterial thromboembolic disease posed by these drugs. Clinical trials are ongoing to fully evaluate the drugs’ efficacy and safety compared with traditional estrogen-based regimens. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7Related Products of 128607-22-7).

(Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Related Products of 128607-22-7

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Identifying Major Drivers of Antioxidant Activities in Complex Polyphenol Mixtures from Grape Canes was written by Ferrier, Manon;Billet, Kevin;Drouet, Samantha;Tungmunnithum, Duangjai;Malinowska, Magdalena Anna;Marchal, Cecile;Dedet, Sandrine;Giglioli-Guivarc’h, Nathalie;Hano, Christophe;Lanoue, Arnaud. And the article was included in Molecules in 2022.Synthetic Route of C14H12O4 This article mentions the following:

Grape canes represent a valuable source of numerous polyphenols with antioxidant properties, whose compositions vary depending on the genotype and environmental factors. Antioxidant activities of pure mols. are often reported without considering possible interactions that may occur in complex polyphenol mixture Using UPLC-MS-based metabolomics and unsupervised classification, we explored the polyphenol variations in grape cane extracts from a collection of European varieties. Antioxidant activities were assessed using ORAC, ABTS, DPPH, FRAP, CUPRAC and chelation assays. Pairwise correlations between polyphenols and antioxidant capacities were performed to identify mols. that contributed more to the antioxidant capacities within a complex mixture of polyphenols. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6Synthetic Route of C14H12O4).

(E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Synthetic Route of C14H12O4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Sex Differences in the Treatment of Sexual Dysfunction. was written by Harsh, Veronica;Clayton, Anita H. And the article was included in Current psychiatry reports in 2018.Computed Properties of C24H23ClO2 This article mentions the following:

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Sex differences in the treatment of sexual dysfunction are partly due to neurobiological differences, as well as, the central and peripheral physiological effects of hormones and neurotransmitter actions on reproductive systems in men and women. Differences in epidemiology of complaints and diagnostic considerations, variance in medical comorbidities, and interference from related medications also contribute to the need for different strategies for treatments of sexual dysfunction according to gender. RECENT FINDINGS: Flibanserin and ospemifene are new medication treatment options that may help some women with symptoms of sexual dysfunction. Various therapies are available to address sexual dysfunction and sex differences are relevant to consider, in terms of diagnosis, effectiveness of treatments, and side effect profiles that may help determine indication, safety, and outcomes for specific treatments. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7Computed Properties of C24H23ClO2).

(Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Computed Properties of C24H23ClO2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Asymmetric synthesis of nortropanes via Rh-catalysed allylic arylation was written by Zhang, Yan;Goetzke, F. Wieland;Christensen, Kirsten E.;Fletcher, Stephen P.. And the article was included in ACS Catalysis in 2022.Related Products of 68716-49-4 This article mentions the following:

Tropane derivatives are extensively used in medicine, but catalytic asym. methods for their synthesis are underexplored. Here, we report Rh-catalyzed asym. Suzuki-Miyaura-type cross-coupling reactions between a racemic N-Boc-nortropane-derived allylic chloride and (hetero)aryl boronic esters. The reaction proceeds via an unexpected kinetic resolution, and the resolved enantiopure allyl chloride can undergo highly enantiospecific reactions with N-, O-, and S-containing nucleophiles. The method was applied in a highly stereoselective formal synthesis of YZJ-1139(1), a potential insomnia treatment that recently completed Phase II clin. trials. Our report represents an asym. catalytic method for the synthesis of YZJ-1139(1) and related compounds Tropane derivatives are extensively used in medicine, but catalytic asym. methods for their synthesis are underexplored. Here we report Rh-catalyzed asym. Suzuki-Miyaura type cross-coupling reactions between a racemic N-Boc-nortropane-derived allylic chloride and (hetero-)aryl-boronic esters. The reaction proceeds via an unexpected kinetic resolution, and the resolved enantiopure allyl chloride can undergo highly enantiospecific reactions with N, O, and S-containing nucleophiles. The method was applied in a highly stereoselective formal synthesis of YZJ-1139(1) (I), a potential insomnia treatment that recently completed Phase II clin. trials. Our report represents the first synthesis of YZJ-1139(1) and related compounds using asym. catalysis. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 68716-49-4Related Products of 68716-49-4).

2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 68716-49-4) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Related Products of 68716-49-4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Evaluation of hyaluronic acid nanoparticle embedded chitosan-gelatin hydrogels for antibiotic release was written by Ozkahraman, Bengi;Tamahkar, Emel;Idil, Neslihan;Kilic Suloglu, Aysun;Percin, Isik. And the article was included in Drug Development Research in 2021.Formula: C10H14O5 This article mentions the following:

The development of chitosan-gelatin (CS-G) hydrogels embedded with ampicillin-loaded hyaluronic acid nanoparticles (HA-NPs) for wound dressing is proposed. It was aimed to provide controlled ampicillin delivery by incorporation of HA-NPs into biocompatible CS-G hydrogel structure. According to in vitro ampicillin release studies, 55% of ampicillin was released from CS-G/HA-NPs hydrogels after 5 days. Antibacterial performance of CS-G/HA-NPs hydrogels was proven with agar disk diffusion test. For cytotoxicity assay, fibroblast cell viability increased in CS-G/HA-NPs hydrogels compared with CS-G group after 24 h incubation. Consequently, the potential ability of CS-G/HA-NPs hydrogels as a controlled drug delivery system has been verified. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate (cas: 4074-88-8Formula: C10H14O5).

Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate (cas: 4074-88-8) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Formula: C10H14O5

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Evaluation of high flow local extraction for controlling aerosol plumes in operating theaters was written by Sun, Chenlin;Marriott, Logan;Harper, Matthew;Zhou, Tongming. And the article was included in Physics of Fluids in 2022.HPLC of Formula: 57-55-6 This article mentions the following:

SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted through contact with fomite, respiratory droplets, and aerosolized viruses. Recent evidence suggests that aerosol transmission represents a significant route of infection. In relation to healthcare workers (HCWs), much attention has been focused on personal protective equipment, yet this is the lowest level of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention hierarchy of controls. Although engineering controls are prominent in the hierarchy, little attention has been given to developing effective interventions. This study aims to evaluate the performance of a simple extraction device in a clin. setting. This was accomplished by using a high flow local extraction (HFLE) that was connected to the existing ventilation system of the hospital on one end and to an intake nozzle near the patient′s airway on the other end. Propylene glycol was aerosolized through a physiol. test apparatus to simulate the breath of a patient. The field of interest was illuminated using a laser sheet in two planes from the model, namely, the sagittal plane and the transverse plane, and the movement of the simulated aerosol was recorded using a video camera to assess the dispersion of the aerosol qual. In the meantime, the concentration of the aerosol particles was measured using a particle meter to evaluate the effectiveness of the extraction quant. It was found that the HFLE device could effectively reduce the dispersion of the exhaled aerosols to undetectable levels when it was positioned within 250 mm from the mouth. This result has significance in the safety of HCWs involved in the management of patients with infectious diseases and may also have potential applications in other clin. areas with high airflow in the ventilation systems. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6HPLC of Formula: 57-55-6).

1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.HPLC of Formula: 57-55-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Lignin. LII. The constitution of dehydrodiisoeugenol and its importance for the chemistry of lignin was written by Freudenberg, Karl;Richtzenhain, Hermann. And the article was included in Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie in 1942.SDS of cas: 1634-34-0 This article mentions the following:

The operations of methylation, the action of hot alkali and oxidation produce from lignin, Erdtman acid (I) and the amorphous dehydration product from coniferyl alc. (II) (by the action of FeCl₃) veratric acid and a small amount of isohempinic acid, the formation of which results from the cleavage of a coumaran or chroman ring. The agreement of conclusive reactions of lignin and I (a coumaronecarboxylic acid) leads to the conclusion that, as in the case of the dehydration of isoeugenol, the dehydration of II gives, at least in part, a coumaran ring. The formula for dehydrodiisoeugenol (III) proposed by Erdtman is proved. The compound IV was cleaved with K in liquid NH₃ (cf. C. A. 36, 5144.1) and methylated with Me₂SO₄ in 20% NaOH, giving a pale yellow oil, b_0.01 145-50°; boiling with AcOHHBr for 4 h. in a N atm. gives 1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(2,3-dihydroxy-5-propylphenyl)propane (V), m. 131°. V was synthesized as follows. 2-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-allylbenzaldehyde (Claisen and Eisleb, C. A. 8, 64) on catalytic reduction (Pd-BaSO₄ in AcOH) gives 2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-propylbenzaldehyde, intense yellow oil, b₁₀ 155° (2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone, red needles, m. 223°). Me₂SO₄ in 10% NaOH at 80° gives 2,3-dimethoxy-5-propylbenzaldehyde (VI), b₁₀ 155-6° (2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone, red needles, m. 202°). VI (70 g.), 70 g. hippuric acid, 32 g. anhydrous AcONa and 120 cc. Ac₂O, heated 2.5 h. on the water bath, give 72 g. of the azlactone, fiery yellow, m. 158-9°; boiling with 350 cc. 10% NaOH for 5 h. gives 2,3-dimethoxy-5-propylphenylpyruvic acid, m. 130-1°, which is isolated through the NaHSO₃ compound; 100 cc. 6% H₂O₂ and the acid in about 600 cc. NaHCO₃ at -5° give 39.5 g. (83% of the azlactone) of 2,3-dimethoxy-5-propylphenylacetic acid (VII), m. 93-4°. The acid chloride from 10 g. VII (using 32 cc. SOCl₂ for 2.5 h. at 60°) and 16 g. of veratrole in 40 cc. CS₂ with 11.2 g. AlCl₃, warmed 2 h. at 60°, give 6.35 g. of 2,3-dimethoxy-5-propylbenzyl 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl ketone, m. 87-8°; warming of the crude ketone with 1.2 g. Na in 20 cc. absolute MeOH, removal of the MeOH, addition of 15 cc. C₆H₆ and 10 cc. MeI and heating of the mixture on the water bath for 5 h. gives 1-keto-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(2,3-dimethoxy-5-propylphenyl)propane, m. 101°; Clemmensen reduction and demethylation give V; the yield is poor. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2′,6′-Dihydroxy-4′-methylacetophenone (cas: 1634-34-0SDS of cas: 1634-34-0).

2′,6′-Dihydroxy-4′-methylacetophenone (cas: 1634-34-0) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.SDS of cas: 1634-34-0

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts