Month: January 2023

Synthesis of Photocleavable Poly(styrene-block-ethylene oxide) and Its Self-Assembly into Nanoporous Thin Films was written by Kang, Minhyuck;Moon, Bongjin. And the article was included in Macromolecules (Washington, DC, United States) in 2009.Recommanded Product: 60463-12-9 This article mentions the following:

A selectively photocleavable PS-b-PEO block copolymer (ONB-(PS-b-PEO)) was synthesized by ATRP with a good control of mol. weight and polydispersity. The key in the design of this unique block copolymer was to incorporate a photocleavable linking unit, ONB, in the middle of the block copolymer. The facile photocleavage of ONB-(PS-b-PEO) was carried out by simple irradiation with long-wavelength UV light (350 nm) for several hours with low-power UV lamps (8 × 8 W, 5.3 mW/cm²) in both solution and thin films. Fabrication of nanoporous PS films was easily achieved using this block copolymer. We are aiming to exploit the utility of this polymer by taking advantage of the functionality inside the nanopores because COOH groups should be generated by ONB group cleavage. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9Recommanded Product: 60463-12-9).

3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Recommanded Product: 60463-12-9

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Modelling and experimental studies on mass transport of multiple cryoprotective agents in articular cartilage was written by Yu, Xiaoyi;Zhang, Shaozhi;Chen, Guangming. And the article was included in Cryobiology in 2022.Related Products of 57-55-6 This article mentions the following:

Cartilage transplantation is an effective way to repair, reconstruct, and replace damaged articular cartilage (AC) but its use is limited by the inability to preserve AC for long periods of time. Vitrification is an ideal choice for long-term storage of AC, and multiple cryoprotective agents (CPAs) with high concentration are usually used. To obtain high cell viability, chondrocytes at all locations inside AC should be protected properly by the CPAs during cooling and rewarming. Hence, it is important to know the mass transport properties of multiple CPAs as they synergistically infiltrate AC. In this study, a math. model to describe the mass transport behavior of multiple CPAs in AC was developed based on the mixture-averaged diffusion model. In addition, a methodol. for the simultaneous determination of DMSO, glycerol, ethylene glycol, and propylene glycol by carbon-13 NMR was established. The model is applicable for predicting single- and multiple-CPA permeation into AC, and its accuracy was verified by a massive exptl. dataset. Simulation results showed reverse diffusion in the multiple-CPA permeation process, which was not found in the single-CPA permeation process. This curious phenomenon shows the sharp contrast between the diffusion behavior of a binary mixture and a multicomponent mixture In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6Related Products of 57-55-6).

1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Related Products of 57-55-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

The ethanol-extracted polysaccharide from Cynanchum paniculatum: Optimization, structure, antioxidant and antitumor effects was written by Ji, Hai-yu;Dai, Ke-yao;Liu, Chao;Yu, Juan;Liu, An-jun;Chen, Ye-fu. And the article was included in Industrial Crops and Products in 2022.Quality Control of (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol This article mentions the following:

Cynanchum paniculatum has been applied for various diseases treatments, however, the polysaccharide components especially extracted using ethanol were rarely researched. In this study, ethanol solution with volume fraction of 75% was used for C. paniculatum polysaccharide preparation, and the extraction process optimization, structural characteristics, and bioactivities anal. were investigated. These results showed that extraction yield reached to 4.79 ± 0.24% under extraction temperature of 60°C, extraction time of 4.5 h, liquid/solid ratio of 30 mL/g. Chem. constitutions and monosaccharide compositions, mol. weight determination results showed that the polysaccharide was mainly composed of glucose and xylose with a molar ratio of 1.00:0.63 (carbohydrate content of 94.91%, mol. weight of 5.1 kDa). Periodate oxidation, smith degradation, methylation, fourier transform IR spectra and NMR anal. demonstrated that the glycosidic bonds configurations were mainly comprised of (1→2)-α–Glcp (39.86%), (1→2,4)-α–Glcp (10.32%) and (1→4)-β–Xylp (29.58%). The bioactivities determination experiments results suggested that the polysaccharide exhibited strong antioxidant activities and antitumor effects both in vitro and in vivo. These data indicated that the ethanol-extracted polysaccharide from C. paniculatum holds great application prospect as a novel bioactive adjuvant in the future due to the feasibility of industrial production In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6Quality Control of (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol).

(2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Quality Control of (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

A novel duodenal-release formulation of caraway oil and L-menthol is a safe, effective and well tolerated therapy for functional dyspepsia was written by Lacy, Brian E.;Chey, William D.;Epstein, Michael S.;Shah, Syed M.;Corsino, Patrick;Zeitzoff, Linda R.;Cash, Brooks D.. And the article was included in BMC Gastroenterology in 2022.Application of 2216-51-5 This article mentions the following:

A randomized, placebo-controlled clin. trial (FDREST) of a novel formulation of caraway oil and L-menthol (COLM-SST) demonstrated symptom relief in patients with functional dyspepsia (FD). Two follow-up studies were conducted to evaluate patient satisfaction, self-regulated dosing, and long-term safety data: FDACT, Functional Dyspepsia Adherence and Compliance Trial, and FDSU36, Functional Dyspepsia Safety Update at 36 mo. A patient reported outcomes (PRO) questionnaire was designed and distributed online to assess real-world satisfaction and dosing frequency of open-label COLM-SST in patients with FD. A sep. study analyzing voluntary safety surveillance data evaluated the frequency and severity of reported adverse events (AEs). A total of 600 FD patients were enrolled in the PRO study. Ninety five percent of respondents reported a major or moderate improvement in their FD symptoms and 91.7% indicated a major or moderate improvement in quality of life (QOL) using COLM-SST. Between 1 and 4 capsules were consumed daily by 91.2% of respondents, with 56.2% taking them before meals. Symptom relief was rapid, with 86.4% of respondents indicating relief within 2 h of taking COLM-SST. Few adverse events (AEs) were reported (0.0187%) by patients using COLM-SST. No serious AEs were identified. Conclusion: COLM-SST is safe, well tolerated, and provides rapid relief of FD symptoms. These findings, demonstrated in the FDREST trial, were further supported by a large prospective PRO study evaluating self-regulated dosing frequency, symptom improvement, and QOL. COLM-SST was well-tolerated based on review of AE data at 36 mo. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5Application of 2216-51-5).

(1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Application of 2216-51-5

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Basic carbapenem analogs: synthesis and in vitro activity of 1β-methyl-2-(pyridylmethylthio)-carbapenems was written by Balkovec, James M.;Szymonifka, Michael J.;Heck, James V.;Ratcliffe, Ronald W.. And the article was included in Journal of Antibiotics in 1991.Recommanded Product: 79651-64-2 This article mentions the following:

The title compounds I (R = pyridyl, aminopyridyl) were prepared and demonstrated more potent activity than thienamycin especially against Gram-neg. organisms. The structure-activity relationship of I is also reported. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (6-Aminopyridin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 79651-64-2Recommanded Product: 79651-64-2).

(6-Aminopyridin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 79651-64-2) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Recommanded Product: 79651-64-2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Catalytic β C-H amination via an imidate radical relay was written by Stateman, Leah M.;Wappes, Ethan A.;Nakafuku, Kohki M.;Edwards, Kara M.;Nagib, David A.. And the article was included in Chemical Science in 2019.SDS of cas: 94022-96-5 This article mentions the following:

The first catalytic strategy to harness imidate radicals for C-H functionalization has been developed. This iodine-catalyzed approach enables β C-H amination of alcs. e.g., 4-trichloroacetamidyl cholesterol by an imidate-mediated radical relay. In contrast to the first-generation, (super)stoichiometric protocol, this catalytic method enables faster and more efficient reactivity. Furthermore, lower oxidant concentration affords broader functional group tolerance, including alkenes (6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienol), alkynes (isonicotinonitrile), alcs.(1-octanol), carbonyls (Me 2-(([(4-nitrobenzene)sulfonyl]oxy)amino)-3-phenylpropanoate) and heteroarenes (quinoline, benzofuran, benzo[b]thiophene, etc.). Mechanistic experiments interrogating the electronic nature of the key 1,5 H-atom transfer event are included, as well as probes for chemo-, regio-, and stereo-selectivity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(Trifluoromethyl)phenethyl alcohol (cas: 94022-96-5SDS of cas: 94022-96-5).

2-(Trifluoromethyl)phenethyl alcohol (cas: 94022-96-5) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.SDS of cas: 94022-96-5

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Volatility parameterization of ambient organic aerosols at a rural site of the North China Plain was written by Ren, Siman;Yao, Lei;Wang, Yuwei;Yang, Gan;Liu, Yiliang;Li, Yueyang;Lu, Yiqun;Wang, Lihong;Wang, Lin. And the article was included in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics in 2022.Application In Synthesis of (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol This article mentions the following:

The volatility of organic aerosols plays a key role in determining their gas-particle partitioning, which subsequently alters the physicochem. properties and atm. fates of aerosol particles. Nevertheless, an accurate estimation of the volatility of organic aerosols (OAs) remains challenging because most standards for particulate organic compounds are not available, and even for those with standards, their vapor pressures are too low to be measured by most traditional methods. Here, we deployed an iodide-adduct long time-of-flight chem. ionization mass spectrometer (LToF-CIMS) coupled with a Filter Inlet for Gases and AEROsols (FIGAERO) to probe the relationship between the mol. formulas of atm. organic aerosols’ components and their volatilities. T_max (i.e., the temperature corresponding to the first signal peak of thermogram) for calibrants was abstracted and validated from the desorption thermograms of mixed organic and inorganic calibrants that were atomized and then collected on a PTFE filter, leading to a linear correlation between T_max and volatility. In addition, 30 ambient filter samples were collected in winter 2019 at Wangdu station in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and analyzed by FIGAERO-LToF-CIMS, leading to the identification of 1448 compounds dominated by the CHO (containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms) and CHON (containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms) species. Among them, 181 organic formulas including 91 CHO and 90 CHON compounds were then selected since their thermograms can be characterized with clear T_max values in more than 20 out of 30 filter samples and subsequently divided into two groups according to their O / C ratios and different thermal desorption behavior. The mean O / C of these two groups is 0.56 ± 0.35 (average ± 1 standard deviation) and 0.18 ± 0.08, resp. Then the parameterizations between volatility and elemental composition for the two group compounds were obtained. Compared with previous volatility parameterizations, our functions provide a better estimation for the volatility of low-volatility organic compounds (LVOCs) in ambient organic aerosols. Furthermore, our results suggest that volatility parameterizations should be specialized for organic compounds with different O / C ratios. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6Application In Synthesis of (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol).

(2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Application In Synthesis of (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Single-Step Generation of Flexible, Free-Standing Arrays of Multimode Cylindrical Waveguides was written by Hudson, Alexander D.;Bacus, Czerysh;Whinton, Marlena;Brook, Michael A.;Saravanamuttu, Kalaichelvi. And the article was included in Advanced Engineering Materials in 2019.Name: Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate This article mentions the following:

Polymer matrixes patterned with 3-D waveguide circuitry are critical components of flexible photonics but cannot be fabricated through conventional, linear lithog. techniques. By exploiting the spontaneous filamentation and modulation instability (MI) of a uniform optical field in a range of silicone-acrylate-based photopolymerizable fluids, the authors report the generation of free-standing arrays of cylindrical, multimode waveguides with tunable flexibility in a single, room-temperature step. A broad, incandescent beam becomes unstable and spontaneously divides into a large population (≈10 000 cm^-2) of microscopic filaments; each filament becomes entrapped within a self-induced cylindrical waveguide and propagates through the medium without diverging. By spatially modulating the beam, it is possible to generate cylindrical waveguide arrays with square symmetry. By controlling the extent of crosslinking and the relative amount of silicone surfactant in the polymerized matrix, it is possible to tune the hardness of the arrays over an order of magnitude (Shore-OO 9 ± 5 to 94 ± 2). The authors show that flexible waveguide arrays that possess relatively low values of hardness can be reversibly compressed to up to 70% of their original lattice parameter while retaining waveguiding capacity; the arrays exhibit 100% recovery after multiple cycles of compression and decompression. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate (cas: 4074-88-8Name: Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate).

Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate (cas: 4074-88-8) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Name: Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

o-Cyanobenzoate: A Recyclable and Reusable Stereo-directing Group for β-O-Glycosylation via Pd(0)-catalyzed Ferrier Rearrangement was written by Das, Pradip;Rahaman Molla, Mosidur;Kumar, Amit;Thakur, Rima. And the article was included in Chemistry – An Asian Journal in 2022.Reference of 2216-51-5 This article mentions the following:

Inner sphere Tsuji-Trost reaction has found recent application for β-selective Ferrier rearrangement of glycal substrates with alc. nucleophiles. Herein, we report an efficient and stereoselective synthesis of 2,3-dideoxy-β-O-glycosides from C3-(o-cyanobenzoate) ester protected glycal donors via Ferrier rearrangement under Pd(0)-catalyzed Tsuji-Trost conditions. The synthesized donors indeed reacted with a variety of acceptors to afford the corresponding glycosides in good yields and excellent β-stereoselectivity. The stereochem. outcome of the reactions has been found to be independent of the nature of protecting groups or conformational flexibility of the glycal donors. Furthermore, regeneration of ortho-cyanobenzoic acid post rearrangement makes it a recyclable and reusable stereo-directing group. A preliminary mechanistic study demonstrates the importance of cyano-group for the observed rearrangement and stereoselectivity. Incorporation of the directing group on the benzoate ester has altered the reactivity of the ester group as a leaving group for Tsuji-Trost as well as Ferrier Rearrangement pathway. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5Reference of 2216-51-5).

(1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Reference of 2216-51-5

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Diverse synthesis of C2-linked functionalized molecules via molecular glue strategy with acetylene was written by Yang, Bo;Lu, Shaodong;Wang, Yongdong;Zhu, Shifa. And the article was included in Nature Communications in 2022.Application In Synthesis of (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol This article mentions the following:

A photoredox-catalyzed synthetic protocol for diverse C2-linked mols. via a mol. glue strategy using gaseous acetylene under mild conditions was developed. Initiated by addition of an acyl radical to acetylene, two cascade transformations follow. One involved a double addition for the formation of 1,4-diketones and the other where the intermediate vinyl ketone was intercepted by a radical formed from a heterocycle. In addition to making two new C-C bonds, two C-H bonds was also created in two mechanistically distinct ways: one via a C-H abstraction and the other via protonation. This system offered a reliable and safe way to incorporate gaseous acetylene into fine chems. and expanded the utility of acetylene in organic synthesis. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5Application In Synthesis of (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol).

(1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Application In Synthesis of (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts