Month: January 2023

Ligand Conformational Bias Drives Enantioselective Modification of a Surface-Exposed Lysine on Hsp90 was written by Cuesta, Adolfo;Wan, Xiaobo;Burlingame, Alma L.;Taunton, Jack. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2020.Recommanded Product: 142253-56-3 This article mentions the following:

Targeted covalent modification of surface-exposed lysines is challenging due to their low intrinsic reactivity and high prevalence throughout the proteome. Strategies for optimizing the rate of covalent bond formation by a reversibly bound inhibitor (k_inact) typically involve increasing the reactivity of the electrophile, which increases the risk of off-target modification. Here, we employ an alternative approach for increasing k_inact of a lysine-targeted covalent Hsp90 inhibitor, independent of the reversible binding affinity (K_i) or the intrinsic electrophilicity. Starting with a noncovalent ligand, we appended a chiral, conformationally constrained linker, which orients an arylsulfonyl fluoride to react rapidly and enantioselectively with Lys58 on the surface of Hsp90. Biochem. experiments and high-resolution crystal structures of covalent and noncovalent ligand/Hsp90 complexes provide mechanistic insights into the role of ligand conformation in the observed enantioselectivity. Finally, we demonstrate selective covalent targeting of cellular Hsp90, which results in a prolonged heat shock response despite concomitant degradation of the covalent ligand/Hsp90 complex. Our work highlights the potential of engineering ligand conformational constraints to dramatically accelerate covalent modification of a distal, poorly nucleophilic lysine on the surface of a protein target. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Boc-Azetidine-3-yl-methanol (cas: 142253-56-3Recommanded Product: 142253-56-3).

1-Boc-Azetidine-3-yl-methanol (cas: 142253-56-3) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Recommanded Product: 142253-56-3

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Characterization of a rapid condensate collection apparatus for in vitro assays of electronic nicotine delivery systems was written by Lalonde, Guy;Demir, Kubilay;Yao, Jenny;Wolz, Russell L.;Kosachevsky, Pasha;Gillman, I. Gene;Oldham, Michael J.. And the article was included in Toxicology In Vitro in 2022.Application of 57-55-6 This article mentions the following:

In vitro testing of Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS) aerosol condensates is important in evaluating their potential toxicity. Collecting sufficient condensate for these tests is a time consuming and costly procedure. The “triple puff (TP)” is a novel system which collects the aerosol from three ENDS devices sequentially into a single filter pad and impinger. The TP substantially reduces condensate collection time relative to the conventional single ENDS, single puff (SP), device system. Both the TP and SP (using two puffing profiles) were used to generate condensates from JUUL ENDS e-liquid Mint 5.0% (nicotine by weight). Aerosols were collected using the filter pad and ethanol-containing impinger method. Condensates produced with the SP and TP were compared for concentrations of primary constituents and carbonyl compounds as well as for their cytotoxicity (OECD 129), mutagenicity (OECD 471) and genotoxicity (OECD 487). Condensates generated with the SP and TP, regardless of puffing regimen, were very similar chem. and equivalent in the biol. assays tested (not cytotoxic, mutagenic, or genotoxic). The TP device significantly reduces production time of ENDS condensates relative to the standard SP method and thus may facilitate further research by reducing the time and effort required to collect ENDS condensates. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6Application of 57-55-6).

1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Application of 57-55-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols Catalyzed by in Situ Generated Gold Nanoparticles inside the Channels of Periodic Mesoporous Organosilica with Ionic Liquid Framework was written by Karimi, Babak;Bigdeli, Akram;Safari, Ali Asghar;Khorasani, Mojtaba;Vali, Hojatollah;Khodadadi Karimvand, Somaiyeh. And the article was included in ACS Combinatorial Science in 2020.Safety of (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol This article mentions the following:

In situ generated gold nanoparticles inside the nanospaces of periodic mesoporous organosilica with an imidazolium framework (Au@PMO-IL) were found to be highly active, selective, and reusable catalysts for the aerobic oxidation of activated and nonactivated alcs. under mild reaction conditions. The catalyst was characterized by nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurement, thermogravimetric anal. (TGA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), elemental anal. (EA), diffuse reflectance IR Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFT), XPS, and inductively coupled plasma at. emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The catalyst exhibited excellent catalytic activity in the presence of either Cs₂CO₃ (35°) or K₂CO₃ (60°) as reaction bases in toluene as a reaction solvent. Under both reaction conditions, various types of alcs. (up to 35 examples) including activated benzylic, primary and secondary aliphatic, heterocyclic, and challenging cyclic aliphatic alcs. converted to the expected carbonyl compounds in good to excellent yields and selectivity. The catalyst was also recovered and reused for at least seven reaction cycles. Data from three independent leaching tests indicated that amounts of leached gold particles were negligible (<0.2 ppm). It is believed that the combination of bridged imidazolium groups and confined nanospaces of PMO-IL might be a major reason explaining the remarkable stabilization and homogeneous distribution of in situ generated gold nanoparticles, thus resulting in the highly active and recyclable catalyst system. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8Safety of (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol).

(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Safety of (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Active components from Cassia abbreviata prevent HIV-1 entry by distinct mechanisms of action was written by Zheng, Yue;Yang, Xian-Wen;Schols, Dominique;Mori, Mattia;Botta, Bruno;Chevigne, Andy;Mulinge, Martin;Steinmetz, Andre;Schmit, Jean-Claude;Seguin-Devaux, Carole. And the article was included in International Journal of Molecular Sciences in 2021.COA of Formula: C14H12O4 This article mentions the following:

Cassia abbreviata is widely used in Sub-Saharan Africa for treating many diseases, including HIV-1 infection. We have recently described the chem. structures of 28 compounds isolated from an alc. crude extract of barks and roots of C. abbreviata, and showed that six bioactive compounds inhibit HIV-1 infection. In the present study, we demonstrate that the six compounds block HIV-1 entry into cells: oleanolic acid, palmitic acid, taxifolin, piceatannol, guibourtinidol- (4α→8)-epiafzelechin, and a novel compound named as cassiabrevone. We report, for the first time, that guibourtinidol-(4α→8)-epiafzelechin and cassiabrevone inhibit HIV-1 entry (IC⁵⁰ of 42.47 μM and 30.96 μM, resp.), as well as that piceatannol interacts with cellular membranes. Piceatannol inhibits HIV-1 infection in a dual-chamber assay mimicking the female genital tract, as well as HSV infection, emphasizing its potential as a microbicide. Structure-activity relationships (SAR) showed that pharmacophoric groups of piceatannol are strictly required to inhibit HIV-1 entry. By a ligand-based in silico study, we speculated that piceatannol and norartocarpetin may have a very similar mechanism of action and efficacy because of the highly comparable pharmacophoric and 3D space, while guibourtinidol-(4α→8)-epiafzelechin and cassiabrevone may display a different mechanism. We finally show that cassiabrevone plays a major role of the crude extract of CA by blocking the binding activity of HIV-1 gp120 and CD4. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6COA of Formula: C14H12O4).

(E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.COA of Formula: C14H12O4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Sensitizing effect of polyvinyl monomers on electron beam crosslinking of brominated butyl rubber was written by Xu, Yunshu;Yoshii, Fumio;Makuuchi, Keizo. And the article was included in Huagong Xuebao (Chinese Edition) in 2013.COA of Formula: C16H26O7 This article mentions the following:

Radiation crosslinked product of brominated butyl rubber (BIIR) was achieved by electron beam (EB) irradiation Gelling dose of BIIR was estimated to be 12 kGy. Various polyvinyl monomers were tested to enhance EB crosslinking of BIIR to obtain high crosslinking degree at low dose to avoid main chain degradation under high dose irradiation TMPT (trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate) was the most effective crosslinking sensitizer to increase the crosslink d. of BIIR. The tensile strength of EB crosslinked BIIR was significantly improved by using TMPT as the sensitizer. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1COA of Formula: C16H26O7).

((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.COA of Formula: C16H26O7

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Impact of chiral tebuconazole on the flavor components and color attributes of Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon wines at the enantiomeric level was written by Zhao, Shanshan;Li, Minmin;Simal-Gandara, Jesus;Tian, Jian;Chen, Jieyin;Dai, Xiaofeng;Kong, Zhiqiang. And the article was included in Food Chemistry in 2022.Application In Synthesis of 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) This article mentions the following:

The impact of chiral tebuconazole on the flavor and appearance of Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon wines were systematically studied. Gas chromatog.-ion mobility spectrometry and headspace-solid phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatog. mass spectrometry qual. and quant. identified the flavor components, and a photog. colorimeter was used for color attribute anal. Tebuconazole enantiomers had different effects on the flavor and appearance of young wines, especially R-tebuconazole. The flavor differences were mainly manifested in fruity and floral characteristics of the wine due to changes in the concentrations of acids, alcs., and esters; R-tebuconazole alters the concentrations of key flavor compounds to the greatest extent. Tebuconazole treatment changes the color of young wines, with the final red shade of wine being control group > rac-tebuconazole ≥ S-tebuconazole > R-tebuconazole. Since chiral tebuconazole neg. alters wine, grapes treated with chiral pesticides should be subject to stricter quality control during processing. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6Application In Synthesis of 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol)).

2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Application In Synthesis of 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol)

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Effects of different thermal processing methods on nutrients and flavor of Toona sinensis was written by Zhang, Le;Wang, Zhaogai;Shi, Guanying;Zhao, Lili;Jiang, Pengfei;Wang, Xuzeng. And the article was included in Journal of Food Processing and Preservation in 2022.Reference of 3391-86-4 This article mentions the following:

The nutrients, bioactives, and flavor compounds of Toona sinensis (TS) processed by blanching, steaming, roasting, and frying were analyzed. It was found that the loss of nutrients, bioactives, and flavor compounds was highest for fried TS and lowest for steamed TS. The thermal processing method had a significant impact on the quality characteristics of processed TS. Eleven new compounds were identified in raw and processed TS, while 2-mercapto-3,4-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrothiophene had the highest odor activity value (OAV) among the volatiles in all the samples. The principal component anal. (PCA) results indicated that the volatile compounds profiles in different processed TS were completely different. Eight compounds identified by the partial least square discriminant anal. (PLS-DA) method were the markers to distinguish the different processed TS. Steaming was the most suitable thermal processing method for TS. This study provides the theor. basis for the selection of optimized processing methods for TS. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4Reference of 3391-86-4).

Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Reference of 3391-86-4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

In situ approach for testing the enantiopurity of chiral amines and amino alcohols by ¹H NMR was written by Mishra, Sandeep Kumar;Chaudhari, Sachin R.;Suryaprakash, N.. And the article was included in Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry in 2014.Computed Properties of C4H11NO This article mentions the following:

An in situ approach involving a simple mix and shake method for testing the enantiopurity of primary, secondary and tertiary chiral amines and their derivatives, chiral amino alcs., by ¹H-NMR spectroscopy is developed. The protocol involves the in situ formation of chiral ammonium borate salt from a mixture of C₂ sym. chiral BINOL, trialkoxyborane and chiral amines. The proposed concept was demonstrated convincingly on a large number of chiral and pro-chiral amines and amino alcs., and also aids the precise measurement of enantiomeric excess. The protocol can be completed in a couple of minutes directly in the NMR sample tube, without the need for any phys. separation In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3Computed Properties of C4H11NO).

(R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Computed Properties of C4H11NO

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Discovery of novel 2-(alkylmorpholin-4-yl)-6-(3-fluoropyridin-4-yl)-pyrimidin-4(3H)-ones as orally-active GSK-3β inhibitors for Alzheimer’s disease was written by Fukunaga, Kenji;Sakai, Daiki;Watanabe, Kazutoshi;Nakayama, Kazuki;Kohara, Toshiyuki;Tanaka, Hiroshi;Sunada, Shinji;Nabeno, Mika;Okamoto, Masako;Saito, Ken-Ichi;Eguchi, Jun-ichi;Mori, Akiko;Tanaka, Shinji;Inazawa, Keiko;Horikawa, Takashi. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2015.Product Details of 5856-63-3 This article mentions the following:

The authors herein describe the results of further evolution of GSK-3β inhibitors for Alzheimer’s disease from the promising compounds with in vivo tau phosphorylation inhibitory activity by oral administration. Introduction of a low alkyl group instead of the Ph group at the 3-position of the morpholine moiety aiming to improve pharmacokinetic profiles resulted in potent low mol. weight GSK-3β inhibitors with good in vitro pharmacokinetic profiles, which also showed in vivo tau phosphorylation inhibitory activity by oral administration. Effect of the stereochem. of the alkyl moiety is also discussed using docking models. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3Product Details of 5856-63-3).

(R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Product Details of 5856-63-3

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Synthesis of potent and highly selective inhibitors of human tryptase was written by Slusarchyk, William A.;Bolton, Scott A.;Hartl, Karen S.;Huang, Ming-Hsing;Jacobs, Glenn;Meng, Wei;Ogletree, Martin L.;Pi, Zulan;Schumacher, William A.;Seiler, Steven M.;Sutton, James C.;Treuner, Uwe;Zahler, Robert;Zhao, Guohua;Bisacchi, Gregory S.. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2002.SDS of cas: 142253-56-3 This article mentions the following:

The serine protease tryptase is implicated in allergic and inflammatory diseases and associated with asthma. The synthesis and SAR of a series of N1-activated-4-carboxy azetidinones are described, resulting in identification of BMS-363131 (I) as a potent inhibitor of human tryptase (IC₅₀<1.7 nM) with high selectivity (>3000-fold) for tryptase vs. related serine proteases including trypsin. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Boc-Azetidine-3-yl-methanol (cas: 142253-56-3SDS of cas: 142253-56-3).

1-Boc-Azetidine-3-yl-methanol (cas: 142253-56-3) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.SDS of cas: 142253-56-3

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts