Month: January 2023

Enhancing phosphate diester cleavage by a zinc complex through controlling nucleophile coordination was written by Tirel, Emmanuel Y.;Williams, Nicholas H.. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2015.Electric Literature of C7H9NO This article mentions the following:

Metal-ion complexes are the most effective artificial catalysts capable of cleaving phosphate diesters under mild aqueous conditions. A central strategy for making these complexes highly reactive has been to use ligand-based alcs. that are coordinated to the ion, providing an ionized nucleophile under neutral conditions but at the expense of deactivating it. We have created a highly reactive Zn complex that is 350-fold more reactive than an alc. analog by preventing the nucleophile binding to the metal ion. This strategy successfully delivers the benefits of efficient nucleophile delivery without strongly deactivating the metal ion Lewis acidity nor the oxyanion nucleophilicity. Varying the leaving group reveals that the transition state of the reaction is much further advanced than the reaction with hydroxide. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol (cas: 1122-71-0Electric Literature of C7H9NO).

6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol (cas: 1122-71-0) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Electric Literature of C7H9NO

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Temperature-pressure correlations of cryoprotective additives for the design of constant volume cryopreservation protocols was written by Beschea, George-Andrei;Tabacaru, Maria-Bianca;Campean, Stefan-Ioan;Serban, Alexandru;Vutoiu, Beatrice-Georgiana;Stefanescu, Mariana-Florentina;Dobrovicescu, Alexandru;Nastase, Gabriel. And the article was included in Cryobiology in 2022.Formula: C4H10O3 This article mentions the following:

In the recent years, the use of constant volume (isochoric) cryopreservation, in medicine and biotechnol. has captured more attention from the research community and now there is an increasing interest in the use of this new technol. It has been established that the thermodn. of isochoric freezing is different from that of isobaric (constant pressure) freezing. This study provides researchers in the field exptl. results for various compositions of cryoprotectants commonly used in isobaric cryopreservation, in terms of temperature-pressure-molar concentration correlation. It also reveals exptl. isochoric thermodn. data for the following cryoprotectants, commonly used in isobaric cryopreservation: DMSO, trehalose, ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol. Currently, the data on the pressure-temperature correlation in an isochoric system of cryoprotectants used in isobaric cryopreservation is not available. Our new exptl. results indicate that the studied concentrations for each of the CPAs, lower and expands the range of temperatures in which cryopreservation by isochoric freezing can be safely practiced. We consider that these experiments will aid researchers developing new isochoric cryopreservation protocols. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6Formula: C4H10O3).

2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Formula: C4H10O3

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

ortho-Formylation of oxygenated phenols was written by Akselsen, Oyvind W.;Skattebol, Lars;Hansen, Trond Vidar. And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 2009.SDS of cas: 69393-72-2 This article mentions the following:

Oxygenated phenols are mono-formylated using a mixture of (CH₂O)_n, MgCl₂, and Et₃N in THF. In all cases but one, only one regioisomer of the salicylaldehyde is obtained in good to high yield. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-4-ol (cas: 69393-72-2SDS of cas: 69393-72-2).

Benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-4-ol (cas: 69393-72-2) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.SDS of cas: 69393-72-2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Efficient synthesis of 2,6-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyridine using whole-cell biocatalysis was written by Kardashliev, Tsvetan;Panke, Sven;Held, Martin. And the article was included in Green Chemistry in 2022.Synthetic Route of C7H9NO This article mentions the following:

We demonstrate a novel one-pot biocatalytic process for the preparation of a versatile chem. intermediate, 2,6-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyridine, from naturally-occurring 2,6-lutidine using recombinant microbial whole cells as a catalysts. After scale up, the bioconversion enabled titers exceeding 12 g L^-1 with a space-time yield of 0.8 g L^-1 h^-1. This biocatalytic route offers a simpler and more sustainable alternative to multistep organic synthesis protocols. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol (cas: 1122-71-0Synthetic Route of C7H9NO).

6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol (cas: 1122-71-0) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Synthetic Route of C7H9NO

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Syntheses of methylpyridine derivatives. VI. Reaction of 2,6-lutidine 1-oxide with phosphoryl chloride was written by Kato, Tetsuzo. And the article was included in Yakugaku Zasshi in 1955.Related Products of 1122-71-0 This article mentions the following:

2,6-Me₂C₅H₃N → O.HCl (8 g.) and 23 g. POCl₃ heated 20 min. at 100°, 30 min. at 120-30°, and 4 hrs. at 145-50% the POCl₃ removed in vacuo, the residue poured into 150 ml. ice water, made alk. with Na₂CO₃ and extracted with Et₂O gave 6 g. product, fractionation of which yielded 4.5 g. composed mainly of 4,2,6-ClMe₂C₅H₂N, b₉₀ 108-13° (picrate, m. 166-7°; HCl salt, m.p. above 260°), and a small amount of 6,2-Me(ClCH₂) C₅H₃N (XV); XV.picrate, m. 162-4°. XV (5 g.), b₆₅ 118-20°, in 50 ml. PhMe and 4.7 g. PhCH₂CN at 0° treated portionwise with 2.8 g. NaNH₂, heated 1 hr. at 100-10°, the product poured into ice water, extracted with C₆H₆ and distilled to give 4 g. R²CH₂CHPhCN (XVI, R² = 6-methyl-2-pyridyl), b₃ 163-9°; XVI.H₂O, m. 52-60°; XVI picrate, m. 156-8°. XVI (2 g.) treated with 8 ml. 98% H₂SO₄ with cooling, let stand 1 day, the product poured into 50 ml. ice water, neutralized with Na₂CO₃, extracted with CHCl₃ and Et₂O added to give 1.4 g. R²CH₂CHPhCONH₂ (XVII), plates, m. 158° (from Me₂CO). XVII (2 g.) in 30 ml. EtOH refluxed 4 hrs. while passing in dry HCl gas (XVIII), the NH₄Cl and EtOH removed, the residue neutralized with Na₂CO₃ and extracted with Et₂O gave 1.4 g. R²CH₂CHPhCO₂Et (XIX), b₂ 140-2°. XIX (0.7 g.) and 5 ml. 10% HCl refluxed 30 min., the product concentrated in vacuo, neutralized with Na₂CO₃ and extd with Me₂CO gave 0.2 g. R²CH₂CHPhCO₂H (XX), needles, m. 105-15°. XX (0.5 g.) in 1 ml. 15% K₂CO₃ heated on a water bath, the product mixed with 1 g. Ca(OH)₂ and dry distilled to give 0.5 g. 6,2-Me(PhCH₂CH₂)C₅H₃N, b₁₂ 155-8°; picrate, m. 118-19°. 6,2-Me(HOCH₂)C₅H₃N (1.2 g.) in 10 ml. CHCl₃ treated dropwise with 1.3 g. SOCl₂ in 10 ml. CHCl₃, refluxed 30 min., the solvent and SOCl₂ removed and the residue recrystallized from Me₂CO gave 1.4 g. XV.HCl, m. 146-53°; XV picrate, m. 163-4°. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol (cas: 1122-71-0Related Products of 1122-71-0).

6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol (cas: 1122-71-0) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Related Products of 1122-71-0

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Probiotics Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG ATCC53103 and Lactobacillus plantarum JL01 induce cytokine alterations by the production of TCDA, DHA, and succinic and palmitic acids, and enhance immunity of weaned piglets was written by Geng, Tingting;He, Feng;Su, Shuai;Sun, Kecheng;Zhao, Lei;Zhao, Yuan;Bao, Nan;Pan, Li;Sun, Hui. And the article was included in Research in Veterinary Science in 2021.SDS of cas: 137-08-6 This article mentions the following:

Probiotics, including Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG ATCC53103 and Lactobacillus plantarum JL01, can improve growth performance and immunity of piglets, and relieve weaning stress-related immune disorders such as intestinal infections and inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of co-administration of the probiotics L. rhamnosus GG ATCC53103 and L. plantarum JL01 to stimulate immune responses and improve gut health during the critical weaning period in piglets. Forty-eight weaned piglets were randomly divided into four groups, and fed daily for 28 days either without, or with the two probiotics independently, or in combination. On day 28, we analyzed the cytokine and bacterial changes in intestinal mucosa and the hepatic portal vein blood metabolites of the weaned piglets. Our results showed that combined L. rhamnosus GG ATCC53103 and L. plantarum JL01 significantly increased (p < 0.05) the growth performance and expression of IL-10 and TGF-β1 mRNAs. In contrast, this treatment significantly decreased (p < 0.05) IL-1β mRNA level in the jejunum, ileum, and cecum. Furthermore, the secretion of IL-6 in the cecum, IL-1β in the jejunum, ileum, and cecum, and TNF-α in the jejunum and ileum was significantly decreased (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of Prevotella_9 and Enterococcus in ileum and cecum was significantly increased (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of Ruminococcus_1 and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005 in cecum was significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Prevotella_9 and Enterococcus may increase the accumulation of (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TCDA) in portal vein blood, while Ruminococcus_1 and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005 may decrease the accumulation of succinic and palmitic acids. These results indicate that L. rhamnosus GG ATCC53103 and L. plantarum JL01 may regulate cytokine levels by reducing the accumulation of succinic and palmitic acids and increasing the accumulation of TCDA and DHA, thereby enhancing the immunity of weaned piglets. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6SDS of cas: 137-08-6).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.SDS of cas: 137-08-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Water tolerant base free Copper (I) catalyst for the selective aerobic oxidation of primary alcohols was written by Lagerspets, Emi;Abba, Donatella;Sharratt, Joseph;Eronen, Aleksi;Repo, Timo. And the article was included in Molecular Catalysis in 2022.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Authors report here a base free copper(I) catalyst for the selective aerobic oxidation of primary alcs. to their corresponding aldehydes and various diols to their corresponding lactones or lactols. In the presence of the in situ generated Cu(I)-catalyst with 2,2′-dipyridylamine (dpa) as a ligand and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperdine-N-oxyl (TEMPO) as a persistent radical, the oxidation reaction proceeds under true aerobic conditions, at ambient temperature, utilizing air as the oxidant and without added base. High catalytic activity without over oxidation was achieved for numerous primary alcs. (aliphatic, allylic, benzylic and diols) with different substitution patterns. The catalyst’s stability is unique among reported Cu(I)-catalysts. It is not moisture or air sensitive, and is capable of e.g. oxidizing aliphatic and benzyl alcs. in a water/acetonitrile solution in moderate or in quant. yield (> 99%) in 3 h. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks).

(4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Preparation and properties of UV-curable adhesives based on epoxy acrylate prepolymers was written by Chen, Yichi;He, Tao;Yang, Wei;Zhu, Liqun;Li, Weiping;Liu, Huicong. And the article was included in Advanced Materials Research (Durnten-Zurich, Switzerland) in 2012.Application In Synthesis of Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate This article mentions the following:

Three kinds of com. available epoxy acrylate reactive prepolymers with different mol. weight (MW) were used to formulate the UV-curable adhesives by addition of photo-initiator, reactive diluent, crosslinker and other additives as necessary. The MW of the said prepolymers were measured by gel permeation chromatog. (GPC), while the structural characterization of the prepolymers before and after UV-curing was made by FTIR. Thermal stability of two kinds of UV-cured prepolymers with distinct MW and MW distribution was detected by thermogravimetric (TG) anal. Lap shear strength of the adherents at different temperature were tested and compared with a known superior UV-curable adhesive (Loctite 3493). Adhesion strength of the adhesives at room temperature were all higher than 15 MPa which were more than the reported riveting intensity (10.3 MPa). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate (cas: 4074-88-8Application In Synthesis of Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate).

Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate (cas: 4074-88-8) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Application In Synthesis of Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Cu-Catalyzed N- and O-Arylation of 2-, 3-, and 4-Hydroxypyridines and Hydroxyquinolines was written by Altman, Ryan A.;Buchwald, Stephen L.. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2007.Application of 107818-20-2 This article mentions the following:

With use of Cu-based catalysts, 2- and 4-hydroxypyridines were N-arylated in modest to excellent yields. In the case of 2-hydroxypyridine, the use of 4,7-dimethoxy-1,10-phenanthroline expanded the scope of previous literature reports to include the use of N-containing heteroaryl halides, and 2-substituted aryl halides. In addition, by using a copper catalyst based on 2,2,6,6-tetramethylheptane-3,5-dione, the first N-arylations of 4-hydroxypyridines and O-arylations of 3-hydroxypyridines with aryl bromides and iodides have been accomplished. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Thieno[3,2-b]pyridin-7-ol (cas: 107818-20-2Application of 107818-20-2).

Thieno[3,2-b]pyridin-7-ol (cas: 107818-20-2) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Application of 107818-20-2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Equilibrium swelling of biocompatible thermo-responsive copolymer gels was written by Drozdov, Aleksey D.. And the article was included in Gels in 2021.Application In Synthesis of ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) This article mentions the following:

Biomedical applications of thermo-responsive (TR) hydrogels require these materials to be biocompatible, non-cytotoxic, and non-immunogenic. Due to serious concerns regarding potential toxicity of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm), design of alternative homo- and copolymer gels with controllable swelling properties has recently become a hot topic. This study focuses on equilibrium swelling of five potential candidates to replace PNIPAm in biomedical and biotechnol. applications: poly(N-vinylcaprolactam), poly(vinyl Me ether), poly(N, N-dimethyl amino Et methacrylate), and two families of poly(2-oxazoline)s, and poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylates). To evaluate their water uptake properties and to compare them with those of substituted acrylamide gels, a unified model is developed for equilibrium swelling of TR copolymer gels with various types of swelling diagrams. Depending on the strength of hydrophobic interactions (high, intermediate, and low), the (co)polymers under consideration are split into three groups that reveal different responses at and above the volume phase transition temperature In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1Application In Synthesis of ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate)).

((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Application In Synthesis of ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate)

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts