Month: January 2023

Substitution of fish meal with enzyme-treated soybean in diets for juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterussalmoides) was written by Liu, Xin;Chi, Shuyan;Li, Shuai;Cheng, Xiaoli;Gao, Weihua;Xu, Qiaoqing;Zhang, Wenbing;Zhou, Xiaoqiu. And the article was included in Aquaculture Nutrition in 2021.Application In Synthesis of Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate This article mentions the following:

A 63-day feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of enzyme-treated soybean (ESB) replacing fish meal (FM) on growth performance, muscle composition, biochem. indexes, digestive enzymes activities and intestinal morphol. of juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Largemouth bass with initial weight of (18.14 ± 0.11) g were randomly divided into 5 groups with 3 replicates, each group of 30 fish per replicate. Five diets were formulated by replacing 0, 80, 120, 160 and 200 g kg-1 FM with ESB (ESB0, ESB80, ESB120, ESB160 and ESB200, resp.). Results showed that weight gain rate and specific growth rate significantly improved in ESB160 group (p < .05). Crude protein content in muscle significantly increased with FM replacement amount up to 160 g kg-1, while crude lipid content significantly decreased (p < .05). Activities of lysozyme and catalase reached the highest level in ESB120 group (p < .05). The activity of superoxide dismutase was significantly increased in ESB200 group, while malondialdehyde concentration significantly decreased. With increasing dietary ESB level, activities of protease and lipase in stomach had significant increase in ESB160 group (p < .05). The intestinal wall thickness and villi length in ESB160 group were significantly higher than those in other groups (p < .05). To sum up, the present study suggested that the optimal replacement level of dietary FM by ESB was 160 g kg-1, which means the supplemented levels of FM and ESB in diet were 400 and 260 g kg-1, resp. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6Application In Synthesis of Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Application In Synthesis of Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Cyclical electrical stimulation of hydrogel microactuators employing parylene-N coated electrodes was written by Saunders, Joseph Ryan C.;Moussa, Walied A.. And the article was included in Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems in 2014.Reference of 109-17-1 This article mentions the following:

This work presents the cyclical actuation of elec. field sensitive microscale hydrogels employing dielec. coated coplanar electrodes. Microscale hydrogels are photopolymerized in-situ, and AC frequency-based actuation combined with pulse width modulation enabled controlled manipulation of hydrogel deformation. Stable actuation cycles are achieved with applied elec. potentials from 20 V_pk-pk to 40 V_pk-pk, with a maximum true strain of 29 % and a min. rise time of 4.7 s. The peak and trough osmotic pressure for each system’s cycle is also anal. determined, with a peak pressure at 40 V_pk-pk of 201.1 ± 38.3 kPa. A plateau in the peak-to-trough true strain is observed above 30 V_pk-pk. For comparative purposes a system without dielec. coated electrodes and employing external syringe pumps is also examined, and stable cyclical actuation was achieved for applied elec. potentials of 5 V_pk-pk and 10 V_pk-pk. For this system the maximum stable rise time, true strain, and osmotic pressure are 8.1 s, 57 %, and 429.2 ± 81.9 kPa, resp. The difference between the two systems highlights how optimization of the dielec. layer’s thickness and uniformity can further enhance actuation performance. The electronically responsive hydrogel-based cyclical actuator developed within this work could be further employed for microfluidic regulation in portable low-power systems. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1Reference of 109-17-1).

((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Reference of 109-17-1

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Preparation and characterization of chitosan/pullulan film loading carvacrol for targeted antibacterial packaging of chilled meat was written by Xiao, Longquan;Kang, Shuai;Lapu, Molazi;Jiang, Peng;Wang, Xinhui;Liu, Dayu;Li, Jing;Liu, Mingxue. And the article was included in International Journal of Biological Macromolecules in 2022.Recommanded Product: 499-75-2 This article mentions the following:

In this research, the common microorganisms in chilled meat were used as the targeted antibacterial objects. Chitosan, pullulan, and carvacrol were chosen to prepare the edible antibacterial film. The effects of different concentrations of carvacrol on the microstructure, phys. properties and antibacterial properties of the films were investigated. The results showed that the antibacterial activity of chitosan/pullulan film (CS/PU) was unsatisfactory, when carvacrol was added, the antibacterial activity of the chitosan/pullulan/carvacrol film (CS/PU/CAR) improved significantly (p < 0.05), and the water vapor permeability (WVP) of the CS/PU/CAR decreased significantly (p < 0.05). When the carvacrol concentration was higher than 1.25% (w/v), the tensile strength and percentage elongation at break of the CS/PU/CAR increased significantly (p < 0.05), and the CS/PU/CAR exhibited satisfying antibacterial activity against the common bacteria in chilled meat such as Pseudomonas fluorescens, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas putida, Enterobacter cloacae, and Staphylococcus aureus. Finally, the CS/PU/CAR film was applied to the preservation of chilled goat meat and extended the shelf life of goat meat to more than 15 days. These results suggested that the targeted CS/PU/CAR film can be used as biodegradable films for the active packaging of chilled meat. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2Recommanded Product: 499-75-2).

5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Recommanded Product: 499-75-2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Solubilization of terpin hydrate and anethole was written by Regdon-Kiss, E.;Mester, L.. And the article was included in Pharmazie in 1966.Formula: C10H22O3 This article mentions the following:

Earlier studies (CA 60, 9104c) were continued in an effort to demonstrate surface tension changes during, and to explain the mechanism of, solubilization of insoluble substances. Maximum solubilization of 0.3% terpin hydrate (I) occurred with 5% Tweens; the solution was stable for ≥2 months when Tween 20 was used. Thus, a large excess, ten times or more, of solubilizing agent must be used. I itself possesses a small degree of surface activity, a 1% concentration reducing the surface-tension of aqueous Tween solutions to a small extent. I incorporated in the micellae plays a role at the surface of the solution, but the filmlike wedged-in association of the combined Tweens-H₂O-I is also involved. Anethole (II) and anise oil aqueous suspensions behave like I as regards the surface tension of Tweens. Both reduce the surface tension of Tween 20 solution to approx. the same extent. The greatest reduction was with 0.01% Tween 20. Just as with I, here also it was shown that surface tension changes resulted from filmlike association of Tweens-H₂O-II (or anise oil). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, rel-(1s,4s)-4-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methylcyclohexanol hydrate (cas: 2451-01-6Formula: C10H22O3).

rel-(1s,4s)-4-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methylcyclohexanol hydrate (cas: 2451-01-6) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Formula: C10H22O3

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

The bioactivity of prenylated stilbenoids and their structure-activity relationship was written by Bo, Shengtao;Sui, Kiat Chang;Shan, Youxia;Chen, Yipeng;Liu, Hui;Li, Bailin;Jiang, Yueming;Zhu, Hong;Yang, Bao. And the article was included in Food Research International in 2022.Formula: C14H12O4 This article mentions the following:

Dietary prenylated stilbenoids present in many food resources, and have good bioactivities. However, their structure-activity relationships are rarely reported. In this work, eighteen C- and O-prenylated stilbenoids were chem. semisynthesized using one-step approach. They all could inhibit sugar digestive enzymes, including α-glucosidase and α-amylase. 4-Geranyl piceatannol from jackfruit showed the strongest activity by suppressing dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) activity. The enzyme inhibition kinetics were measured and the inhibition mechanism was revealed. Evaluation of antioxidant activity highlighted that the introduction of prenyl with increasing prenyl chain length can significantly increase the antioxidant activity of stilbenoids. Our results suggested that prenylated stilbenoids could be used as functional food additives to decrease postprandial blood sugar levels by inhibiting sugar digestive enzymes and DPP-IV. Prenylated stilbenoids present remarkable DPP-IV inhibitory activity, providing more useful information for the prevention of type 2 diabetes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6Formula: C14H12O4).

(E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Formula: C14H12O4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Facile Synthesis of Hybrid Core-Shell Nanospheres for the Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Aromatic Ketones was written by Wei, Juan;Zhang, Xiaomin;Zhang, Xiaoming;Zhao, Yaopeng;Li, Ruixiang;Yang, Qihua. And the article was included in ChemCatChem in 2014.Recommanded Product: 120121-01-9 This article mentions the following:

The polymer-inorganic hybrid core-shell nanospheres with N-(para-toluenesulfonyl)-1,2-diphenylethylenediamine in the core and the poly(Me acrylate) (PMA) polymer in the shell were prepared by using a sol-gel process. The surface properties of solid catalysts were modified by controlling PMA and the cetyltrimethylammonium bromide surfactant in the shell. The water contact angle results suggest that the presence of PMA and cn the shell increases the surface hydrophobicity. In the Rh-catalyzed transfer hydrogenation of aromatic ketones in aqueous HCOONa, the solid catalyst with higher surface hydrophobicity demonstrates higher activity, which suggests that suitable surface properties increase the reaction rate by increasing the diffusion rates of hydrophobic substrates. Furthermore, this heterogeneous catalyst can be reused conveniently without loss of ee values. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9Recommanded Product: 120121-01-9).

(R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Recommanded Product: 120121-01-9

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Efficacy of using zinc oxide nanoparticle as a substitute to antibiotic growth promoter and zinc sulphate for growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immunity and intestinal barrier function in broilers was written by Zhang, Jiaqi;Li, Zhihua;Yu, Caiyun;Liu, Huijuan;Zhou, Binbin;Zhang, Xuhui;Wang, Tian;Wang, Chao. And the article was included in Italian Journal of Animal Science in 2022.Recommanded Product: 137-08-6 This article mentions the following:

Dietary zinc oxide nanoparticle (ZnO NP) possessing multiple biol. activities might be a potential substitute for the combination of ZnSO4 and antibiotic growth promoter in broiler diets. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of dietary ZnO NP as a substitute to the combination of ZnSO4 and xanthomycin for growth, antioxidant capacity, immunity, intestinal barrier and liver function in broilers. Arbor Acres chicks (n = 320) were assigned to 5 treatments with 8 replicates. Birds received a basal diet supplemented with 80 mg/kg ZnSO4 plus 5 mg/kg xanthomycin (ZnSO4 + Xanthomycin) or 0 (neg. control, NC), 40, 80, and 160 mg/kg ZnO NP for 42 days. The average daily gain, average daily feed intake and feed-to-gain ratio showed dose-dependent increases with the increasing level of dietary ZnO NP during the 21-42 day and 1-42 day stages. The final body weight (42 d) and serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor 1 and growth hormone increased linearly with the increasing level of dietary ZnO NP. In addition, 80 mg/kg ZnO NP increased the serum concentrations of IgA, IgG, IgM, andinterleukin-10 and peroxidase activity, the jejunal mucosal villus height, villus width and goblet cell numbers Dietary 80 or 160 mg/kg ZnO NP significantly altered mRNA abundances of genes related to antioxidant status, intestinal barrier and immunity in the jejunal mucosa. These results indicated that dietary supplementation with 40-160 mg/kg ZnO NP caused no obvious neg. effects on liver function, but effectively improved growth performance, intestinal barrier function, immunity and antioxidant capacity. HighlightsDietary 40-160 mg/kg zinc oxide nanoparticle (ZnO NP) improved growth performance and enhanced immunity of broilers without obvious neg. effects on liver function. Dietary 40-160 mg/kg ZnO NP improved intestinal barrier and intestinal morphol., and enhanced antioxidant capacity via Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Doses of 40-80 mg/kg ZnO NP were suggested to alternate the combination of 80 mg/kg ZnSO4 and 5 mg/kg xanthomycin in diets of broilers. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6Recommanded Product: 137-08-6).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Recommanded Product: 137-08-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Synthesis and antiproliferative properties of N_3/8-disubstituted 3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane analogues of 3,8-bis[2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)pyridin-4-yl]methyl-piperazine was written by Filosa, Rosanna;Peduto, Antonella;De Caprariis, Paolo;Saturnino, Carmela;Festa, Michela;Petrella, Antonello;Pau, Amedeo;Pinna, Gerard Aime;La Colla, Paolo;Busonera, Bernardetta;Loddo, Roberta. And the article was included in European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2007.Electric Literature of C6H6BrNO This article mentions the following:

A series of novel N_3/8-disubstituted-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes in order to improve the in vitro activity of the prototype 3,8-bis[2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)pyridyl-4-yl]methylpiperazine were synthesized and evaluated by assays of growth inhibition against several tumor cell lines. Several compounds demonstrated not only growth-inhibitory activities against leukemia cancer cells, but also fairly good activities against the growth of certain solid tumors. Among them, I is the most potent one with IC₅₀ values in the low micromolar range. Moreover, I has been selected for in vitro testing on MCF-7 cell to evaluate the mode of action of this lead compound In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Bromopyridine-4-methanol (cas: 118289-16-0Electric Literature of C6H6BrNO).

2-Bromopyridine-4-methanol (cas: 118289-16-0) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Electric Literature of C6H6BrNO

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Na⁺-Glucose Cotransporter (SGLT) Inhibitors as Antidiabetic Agents. 4. Synthesis and Pharmacological Properties of 4′-Dehydroxyphlorizin Derivatives Substituted on the B Ring was written by Tsujihara, Kenji;Hongu, Mitsuya;Saito, Kunio;Kawanishi, Hiroyuki;Kuriyama, Kayoko;Matsumoto, Mamoru;Oku, Akira;Ueta, Kiichiro;Tsuda, Minoru;Saito, Akira. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 1999.Synthetic Route of C9H10O3 This article mentions the following:

In the authors’ studies of Na⁺-glucose cotransporter (SGLT) inhibitors as antidiabetic agents, a series of novel 4′-dehydroxyphlorizin derivatives substituted on the B ring was prepared and their effects on urinary glucose excretion were evaluated in rats. Introduction of only a small alkyl group at the 4′-position increased the activity, and 3-(benzo[b]furan-5-yl)-2′,6′-dihydroxy-4′-methylpropiophenone 2′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside I (R = H) showed the most potent effect. To overcome hydrolysis by β-glucosidase in the digestive tract, the OH groups on the glucose moiety of I (R = H) were modified. Three prodrugs were more potent than the parent compound by oral administration, and finally 3-(benzo[b]furan-5-yl)-2′,6′-dihydroxy-4′-methylpropiophenone 2′-O-(6-O-methoxycarbonyl-β-D-glucopyranoside) I (R = CO₂Me) was selected as a new promising candidate. This compound was metabolized mainly by liver esterase to the active form, I (R = H) which was about 10 times more potent in inhibiting SGLT. In oral glucose tolerance test in db/db mice, I (R = CO₂Me) dose-dependently suppressed the elevation of glucose levels. Single administration reduced hyperglycemia concurrently with increase of glucose excretion into urine in diabetic KK-A^y mice. Furthermore, I (R = CO₂Me) suppressed the elevation of blood glucose levels but did not lower it below the normal level even in fasted conditions in KK-A^y mice. Addnl., long-term treatment dose-dependently reduced hyperglycemia and HbA1c in KK-A^y mice. These pharmacol. data strongly suggest that I (R = CO₂Me) has a therapeutic potential in the treatment of NIDDM. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2′,6′-Dihydroxy-4′-methylacetophenone (cas: 1634-34-0Synthetic Route of C9H10O3).

2′,6′-Dihydroxy-4′-methylacetophenone (cas: 1634-34-0) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Synthetic Route of C9H10O3

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

A bagasse-supported magnetic manganese dioxide nanoparticle: applications in the selective aerobic oxidation of alcohols and one-pot tandem oxidative synthesis of quinazolinones was written by Rashidi Vahid, Adina;Hajishaabanha, Fatemeh;Shaabani, Shabnam;Farhid, Hassan;Shaabani, Ahmad. And the article was included in Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society in 2022.Computed Properties of C7H6Cl2O This article mentions the following:

Magnetic manganese dioxide nanoparticles (MnO₂-Fe₃O₄) were coated on sugarcane bagasse as a sugar industrial waste and bio-support (MnO₂-Fe₃O₄@bagasse) via an in situ reduction strategy, in which potassium permanganate was used as the precursor of MnO₂ and sugarcane bagasse as a bio-support and reducing agent of KMnO4. The synthesized bio-based catalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric anal., inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, SEM, energy dispersive spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area anal., and vibrating sample magnetometer anal. The catalyst was successfully utilized in the selective aerobic oxidation of primary and secondary benzylic alcs. R¹CH(OH)R² (R¹ = Ph, 4-nitrophenyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, 3-phenylpropyl, etc.; R² = H, Me, Ph, 2-oxo-2-phenylethyl) to their corresponding carbonyl compounds R¹C(O)R² and one-pot tandem oxidative synthesis of 2-(substituted)quinazoline-4(3H)-ones I (R³ = Ph, 3-methoxyphenyl, 4-nitrophenyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, etc.) from the o-aminobenzamide and aromatic alcs. R³CH₂OH in the absence of oxidizing reagent or initiator. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8Computed Properties of C7H6Cl2O).

(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Computed Properties of C7H6Cl2O

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts