Month: January 2023

Direct and indirect monomer elution from an RBC product family was written by Durner, Juergen;Schrickel, Klaus;Watts, David C.;Becker, Marc;Draenert, Miriam E.. And the article was included in Dental Materials in 2021.Electric Literature of C16H26O7 This article mentions the following:

To develop a model for quant. comparison of elutable substances by direct elution from resin-bonded composite (RBC) test specimens vs. indirect elutability of substances from RBC-restored teeth. Furthermore, it was to be investigated whether the different composites of the Tetric RBC product family release different types and amounts of substances.Four different composite materials from the Tetric product family were studied. For each material subgroup ten human third molar teeth were prepared with standard Class-I occlusal cavities. These ′tooth group′ specimens were provided with a three-step adhesive system (incorporating TEGDMA) and the resp. composite restoration. Same sized control specimens, of each RBC restorative material, were prepared (′direct RBC′ groups). All specimens were placed in individual elution chambers such that the elution media (ethanol/water, 3:1) only came into contact with either the tooth root or 3/4 height of the ′direct RBC′ materials. They were incubated at 37 °C for up to 7 d. Samples of the eluant were taken after 1, 2, 4 and 7 d and were analyzed by high-temperature gas chromatog./mass spectrometry.Bisphenol A ethoxylate dimethacrylate (bisEMA), bisphenol A glycidyldimethacrylate (bisGMA), tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEEGDMA), decan-1,10-diol dimethacrylate (DDDMA) were mostly found in the eluates of the ′direct RBC′ groups in statistically significantly greater amounts than in the eluates of the ′tooth groups′. Such quant. differences were also the case with eluates containing bisphenol A (BPA), dicyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP) and drometrizole, which are common in the environment. In contrast to the behavior found with all the other monomers, up to 3 orders of magnitude more triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) was found in the ′tooth groups′ compared to the ′direct RBC′ groups, evidently released by the adhesive system.The release of most of the substances was clearly delayed in the ′tooth groups′ indicative of their chronic, rather than acute, elution to the oral environment. A barrier function of the residual dentin layer and the adhesion layer can be inferred. The different release patterns of substances from the various composites of the RBC product family is a manifestation of their different and indication-specific compositions Consideration of an overall restorative care (RBC plus adhesive) system, when assessing the total amount of released substances, is emphasized. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1Electric Literature of C16H26O7).

((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Electric Literature of C16H26O7

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Albumin Nanoparticle Endocytosing Subset of Neutrophils for Precision Therapeutic Targeting of Inflammatory Tissue Injury was written by Bachmaier, Kurt;Stuart, Andrew;Singh, Abhalaxmi;Mukhopadhyay, Amitabha;Chakraborty, Sreeparna;Hong, Zhigang;Wang, Li;Tsukasaki, Yoshikazu;Maienschein-Cline, Mark;Ganesh, Balaji B.;Kanteti, Prasad;Rehman, Jalees;Malik, Asrar B.. And the article was included in ACS Nano in 2022.Name: (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol This article mentions the following:

The complex involvement of neutrophils in inflammatory diseases makes them intriguing but challenging targets for therapeutic intervention. Here, we tested the hypothesis that varying endocytosis capacities would delineate functionally distinct neutrophil subpopulations that could be specifically targeted for therapeutic purposes. By using uniformly sized (∼120 nm in diameter) albumin nanoparticles (ANP) to characterize mouse neutrophils in vivo, we found two subsets of neutrophils, one that readily endocytosed ANP (ANPhigh neutrophils) and another that failed to endocytose ANP (ANPlow population). These ANPhigh and ANPlow subsets existed side by side simultaneously in bone marrow, peripheral blood, spleen, and lungs, both under basal conditions and after inflammatory challenge. Human peripheral blood neutrophils showed a similar duality. ANPhigh and ANPlow neutrophils had distinct cell surface marker expression and transcriptomic profiles, both in naive mice and in mice after endotoxemic challenge. ANPhigh and ANPlow neutrophils were functionally distinct in their capacities to kill bacteria and to produce inflammatory mediators. ANPhigh neutrophils produced inordinate amounts of reactive oxygen species and inflammatory chemokines and cytokines. Targeting this subset with ANP loaded with the drug piceatannol, a spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) inhibitor, mitigated the effects of polymicrobial sepsis by reducing tissue inflammation while fully preserving neutrophilic host-defense function. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6Name: (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol).

(E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Name: (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Study on catalytic pyrolysis mechanism of seaweed polysaccharide monomer was written by Yuan, Chuan;Jiang, Ding;Wang, Shuang;Barati, Bahram;Gong, Xun;Cao, Bin;Zhang, RuiPing;Zhang, Chuang;Odey, Emmanuel A.. And the article was included in Combustion and Flame in 2020.Formula: C6H14O6 This article mentions the following:

In this study, L-rhamnose monohydrate (LRM) was used as a model compound of seaweed polysaccharide to study its pyrolysis and catalytic pyrolysis mechanism. Initially, the weight loss curve of LRM was obtained by thermogravimetric anal. The main weight loss temperature was found to be at 350-550°C. Then, the pyrolysis mechanism of LRM was analyzed and verified by macroscopic experiments and mol. simulations. Experiments showed that the bio-oil yield was highest when the temperature reached around 500°C, and the bio-oil contained large amount of furan substances. Finally, the effects of different proportions of catalysts (Mg-Ce/ZSM-5) on bio-oil products were studied, and the catalytic reaction mechanism was discussed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2R,3R,4S,5S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal hydrate (cas: 10030-85-0Formula: C6H14O6).

(2R,3R,4S,5S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal hydrate (cas: 10030-85-0) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Formula: C6H14O6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Highly enantioselective rhodium-catalyzed cross-coupling of boronic acids and racemic allyl halides was written by Gonzalez, Jesus;van Dijk, Lucy;Goetzke, F. Wieland;Fletcher, Stephen P.. And the article was included in Nature Protocols in 2019.Reference of 68716-49-4 This article mentions the following:

Although Csp²-Csp² Suzuki-Miyaura couplings (SMCs) are widely used in small-mol. synthesis, related methods that allow the incorporation of Csp³-hybridized coupling partners, particularly in an asym. manner, are less developed. This protocol describes catalytic asym. SMC reactions that provide access to enantiomerically enriched cyclic allylic products. The method couples racemic allyl halide starting materials with sp²-hybridized boronic acid derivatives and is compatible with heterocyclic coupling partners. These reactions are catalyzed by a rhodium-ligand complex and typically display very high levels of enantioselectivity (>95% enantiomeric excess (ee)). In this protocol, a detailed procedure using a dihydropyridine-derived allyl chloride for the synthesis of (-)-(S)-tert-butyl-3-(4-bromophenyl)-3,6-dihydropyridine-1(2H)-carboxylate, an intermediate in the synthesis of the anticancer drug niraparib is reported. This procedure affords 1.17 g (86% yield) of the coupling product with 96% ee. The initial exptl. setup of the reaction takes 45-50 min, and the reaction is complete within 4-5 h. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 68716-49-4Reference of 68716-49-4).

2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 68716-49-4) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Reference of 68716-49-4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Role of N, N’-Diboryl-4,4′-bipyridinylidene in the Transition-Metal-Free Borylation of Aryl Halides and Direct C-H Arylation of Unactivated Benzene was written by Waghamare, Akash B.;Raut, Ravindra K.;Patel, Niranjan;Majumdar, Moumita. And the article was included in European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry in 2022.COA of Formula: C12H16BBrO2 This article mentions the following:

N,N’-Diboryl-4,4′-bipyridinylidene (^BBiPy) was utilized in sub-stoichiometric amounts along with anionic base as one electron donor species for both transition metal-free borylation of aryl halides and arene C-H functionalization with aryl iodides for biaryl syntheses. Reaction between ^BBiPy and potassium tert-butoxide or methoxide led to the formation of 4,4′-bipyridine radical anion (BiPy·^–) with the release of an electron. The BiPy·- was structurally characterized. The single electron released was transferred to aryl halides generating aryl radicals, which then react with diboron in the presence of methoxide to form aryl boronate and with unactivated benzene in the presence of tert-butoxide to form biaryls. Substrate scopes studies showed that aryl iodides and bromides undergo borylation (1B-12B), while only aryl iodides undergo C-C bond formation with arene C-H (1C-8C) through radical chain reaction. Mechanisms for C-B and C-C bond formation have been proposed based on the exptl. findings. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 68716-49-4COA of Formula: C12H16BBrO2).

2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 68716-49-4) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.COA of Formula: C12H16BBrO2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Microbial transformation of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds. I. Hydroxylation of isomeric mono- and dimethylpyridines by microscopic fungi was written by Modyanova, L. V.;Vorob’eva, L. I.;Shibilkina, O. K.;Dovgilevich, E. V.;Terent’ev, P. B.;Kost, A. N.. And the article was included in Biotekhnologiya in 1990.Reference of 1122-71-0 This article mentions the following:

By screening a number of museum microorganism cultures a group of microscopic fungi active in transforming mono- and dimethylpyridines was detected. It is only the Me substituent that undergoes oxidation, not the pyridine ring itself. Peculiarities of oxidative transformation of isomeric mono- and dimethylpyridines to the corresponding hydroxymethylpyridines were elucidated. For methylpyridines the pyridylcarbinol yield was independent of the Me substituent position. For dimethylpyridines only 1 Me group is subjected to hydroxylation, the ratio of the pyridylcarbinols obtained mainly depending on the substituent arrangement in the pyridine ring. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol (cas: 1122-71-0Reference of 1122-71-0).

6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol (cas: 1122-71-0) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Reference of 1122-71-0

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Antimicrobial properties of volatile phenylpropanes was written by Pauli, Alexander;Kubeczka, Karl-Heinz. And the article was included in Natural Product Communications in 2010.Computed Properties of C7H6O3 This article mentions the following:

The examination of antimicrobial structure-activity relationships of 93 volatile phenylpropanes (VPs) and 21 related aromatic compounds revealed a dependence of antimicrobial activity from the kind and number of substituents on the aromatic ring, their substitution pattern and microbial characteristics, such as Gram coloring and strain specific factors. Eugenol isomers were predominantly inhibitory in a concentration range from 25 to 2000 mg/L against all microorganisms tested, which were three strains of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Listeria monocytogenes, and Candida albicans. Etherified VPs were either less active or inactive depending on the type of side chain and/or substitution pattern. Differences in the antimicrobial activity of cis- and trans-isomers were observed Species specific structure-activity relationships exist as was demonstrated with the Gram-neg. bacteria (inactivity of E-ortho-eugenol) C. albicans (activity of di- and threefold methoxylated 1-propenylbenzenes), S. aureus and B. subtilis (activity of di-ortho methoxylated phenolic allylbenzenes and hydroquinone derivatives). With regard to the variety of observed specific effects and natural variation of susceptibility towards VPs according to literature reference data, the chances for successful prediction by computational anal. (QSAR) appear to be limited. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-4-ol (cas: 69393-72-2Computed Properties of C7H6O3).

Benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-4-ol (cas: 69393-72-2) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Computed Properties of C7H6O3

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Water compatible stir-bar devices imprinted with underivatised glyphosate for selective sample clean-up was written by Gomez-Caballero, Alberto;Diaz-Diaz, Goretti;Bengoetxea, Olatz;Quintela, Amaia;Unceta, Nora;Goicolea, M. Aranzazu;Barrio, Ramon J.. And the article was included in Journal of Chromatography A in 2016.Reference of 4074-88-8 This article mentions the following:

This paper reports the development of stir bars with a new MIP based coating, for the selective sorptive extraction of the herbicide glyphosate (GLYP). Mol. imprinting of the polymer has directly been carried out employing underivatised GLYP as the template mol. Due to the poor solubility of the target compound in organic solvents, the MIP methodol. has been optimized for rebinding in aqueous media, being the synthesis and the rebinding steps carried out in water:methanol mixtures and pure aqueous media. The coating has been developed by radical polymerization initiated by UV energy, using N-allylthiourea and 2-dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate as functional monomers and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the crosslinker. Mech. stability of the coating has been improved using 1,3-divinyltetramethyldisiloxane in the polymerization mixture Under the optimized conditions, the MIP has demonstrated excellent selectivity for the target compound in the presence of structural analogs, including its major metabolites. The applicability of the proposed method to real matrixes has also been assessed using river water and soil samples. Registered mean recoveries ranged from 90.6 to 97.3% and RSD values were below 5% in all cases, what confirmed the suitability of the described methodol. for the selective extraction and quantification of GLYP. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate (cas: 4074-88-8Reference of 4074-88-8).

Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate (cas: 4074-88-8) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Reference of 4074-88-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

The formation mechanisms of key flavor substances in stinky tofu brine based on metabolism of aromatic amino acids was written by Tang, Hui;Li, Pao;Chen, Lin;Ma, Jin-Kui;Guo, Hong-Hui;Huang, Xiao-Chen;Zhong, Rui-Min;Jing, Si-Qun;Jiang, Li-Wen. And the article was included in Food Chemistry in 2022.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Understanding the formation mechanism of the flavor compounds in stinky tofu brine is crucial for controlling the flavor quality of Changsha stinky tofu. Dynamic changes in associated bacteria, enzymes, and differential metabolites in the metabolic pathway of aromatic amino acids in brine were investigated. Results showed that phenol (0.39∼89.96 μg/mL), p-cresol (0.19∼389.62 μg/mL), indole (1.14∼242.97 μg/mL), 3-methylindole (0.14∼3.00 μg/mL) were the key flavor substances of brine. The main associated bacteria Clostridiales bacterium SYSU GA17129, Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus, and Anaerosalibacter massiliensis were significantly pos. correlated with key flavor substances (P < 0.05). The main associated enzymes were transaminase, decarboxylase, and lyase. In summary, phenol and p-cresol were formed by the metabolism of tyrosine and phenylalanine through five reaction chains, and indole and 3-methylindole were formed by the metabolism of tryptophan through one and three reaction chains, resp. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks).

Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Direct Photoexcitation of Xanthate Anions for Deoxygenative Alkenylation of Alcohols was written by Guo, Hong-Mei;He, Bin-Qing;Wu, Xuesong. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2022.Quality Control of (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol This article mentions the following:

Xanthate salts as a unique class of visible-light-excitable alkyl radical precursors that act simultaneously as strong photoreductants and alkyl radical sources were identified. Upon direct photoexcitation of xanthate anions, efficient deoxygenative alkenylation and alkylation of a wide range of primary, secondary, and tertiary alcs. ROH (R = Me, cyclohexyl, 2-phenylethyl, 2-(thiophen-3-yl)ethyl, etc.) have been achieved via a one-pot protocol, avoiding any photocatalysts. This method exhibits a broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance, enabling late-stage functionalization of complex mols. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5Quality Control of (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol).

(1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Quality Control of (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts