Month: January 2023

Dietary metabolizable energy and crude protein levels affect the performance, egg quality and biochemical parameters of a dual-purpose chicken was written by Geng, Ai Lian;Zhang, Qian Qian;Chang, Cheng;Wang, Hai Hong;Chu, Qin;Zhang, Jian;Yan, Zhi Xun;Liu, Hua Gui. And the article was included in Animal Biotechnology.Related Products of 137-08-6 This article mentions the following:

Effects of dietary metabolizable energy (ME) and crude protein (CP) level on performance, egg quality and biochem. parameters were studied in a dual-purpose chicken-Beijing You Chicken (BYC) at peak laying period. A 3 x 3 factorial experiment was arranged, including 3 levels of dietary ME (11.31, 11.51, 11.71 MJ/kg) and 3 levels of dietary CP (14%, 15%, 16%). The results showed that dietary CP level alone and the interaction of ME by CP affected the total feed intake (TFI) during 27-30 wks, dietary ME level affected the mortality rate of 27-34 wks of age (p = 0.018), with the highest mortality rate found in 11.31 MJ/kg group (3.10%). The albumen height (AH), Haugh unit (HU) and egg grade (EG) of 16% group was higher than those in 14% and 15% groups (p < 0.05). Serum IgG content in 11.31 MJ/kg group was lower than in 11.51 MJ/kg and 11.71 MJ/kg groups (p = 0.037). The present study suggested that dietary levels of 11.51 MJ/kg ME and 16.0% CP are enough to maintain the performance and egg quality of BYC at peak laying period. 11.31 MJ/kg ME increased the mortality of the chicken, which may be related to the decrease of the humoral immune function and antioxidative capability. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6Related Products of 137-08-6).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Related Products of 137-08-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Variations in biochemical characteristics of Zataria multiflora in response to foliar application of zinc nano complex formed on pomace extract of Punica granatum was written by Bahmanzadegan, Atefeh;Tavallali, Hossein;Tavallali, Vahid;Karimi, Mohammad Ali. And the article was included in Industrial Crops and Products in 2022.Related Products of 499-75-2 This article mentions the following:

The purpose of this study was to see how green synthesized zinc nanostructure (Zn NS) applied to the leaves of Zataria multiflora Boiss. affected the plants essential oil constituents, antioxidant activity, phenolic compounds, total phenolic, flavonoid, carotenoid, chlorophyll and anthocyanin contents. A completely randomized block design was used in this experiment The zinc chelate (Zn-EDTA) was compared to foliar application of Zn NS fertilizer at three dosages (0, 100, and 300 mgL-1). There was no significant difference on Zn content between Zn NS fertilizer with pomace extract at 100 and 300 mg L-1 concentrations In contrast to Zn-EDTA and control plants, fertilization with Zn nano-fertilizer at 300 mgL-1 resulted in substantial essential oil production and major constituent of linalool. As shown in the findings, various sources of zinc fertilizer considerably increased oxygenated monoterpenes content. Other analyzed phytochem. attributes changed significantly with Zn nano-fertilizer, with the maximum level of evaluated phytochem. parameters observed at a dosage of 300 mgL-1 when compared to the untreated reference Furthermore, we discovered a favorable relationship between phytochem. characteristics. According to the findings of this study, green synthesized Zn NS has a substantial impact on all biochem. parameters. It may be inferred that Zn NS must be applied to the leaves of Z. multiflora to improve quality and quantity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2Related Products of 499-75-2).

5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Related Products of 499-75-2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Vibrational dynamics of glass forming: 2-phenylbutan-1-ol (BEP), 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenethyl alcohol (2TFMP) and 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenethyl alcohol (4TFMP) in their thermodynamic phases was written by Juszynska-Galazka, Ewa;Zajac, Wojciech;Saito, Kazuya;Yamamura, Yasuhisa;Jurus, Natalia. And the article was included in Phase Transitions in 2018.Application In Synthesis of 2-(Trifluoromethyl)phenethyl alcohol This article mentions the following:

The complex polymorphism and vibrational dynamics of three glass-forming single-phenyl-ring alcs. (with and without fluorine atoms) have been studied by complementary methods. Glass of isotropic liquid phase and cold crystallization of metastable supercooled liquid state were detected. Temperature investigations of vibrational motions show important role of hydrogen bonds in interactions between mols. Theor. calculations for isolated mol., as well as dimer- and tetramer-type aggregates of non-covalently bound mols., allow for a good description of exptl. spectra. Intermol. interactions of mols. with ortho and para positions of CF₃ group in Ph ring have a similar influence on the spectra observed In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(Trifluoromethyl)phenethyl alcohol (cas: 94022-96-5Application In Synthesis of 2-(Trifluoromethyl)phenethyl alcohol).

2-(Trifluoromethyl)phenethyl alcohol (cas: 94022-96-5) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Application In Synthesis of 2-(Trifluoromethyl)phenethyl alcohol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Analyzing and assigning carbon-13 chemical shift tensors in α-L-rhamnose monohydrate single crystals was written by Liu, Fang;Phung, Cu G.;Alderman, D. W.;Grant, David M.. And the article was included in Journal of Magnetic Resonance, Series A in 1996.Name: (2R,3R,4S,5S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal hydrate This article mentions the following:

The carbon-13 chem.-shift tensors of α-L-rhamnose (6-deoxy-L-mannose) monohydrate (C₈H₁₂O₅·H₂O [10030-85-0]) are measured using two-dimensional chem.-shift correlation spectroscopy. The tensors and the orientation of the 2-fold axis along the b crystallog. axis in the sample frame were obtained by symmetry-constrained fitting of the data. Ab initio gauge invariant AO computations of the chem. shielding are then used to assign the tensors to the carbons in the rhamnose mol. and to the two mols. in the unit cell. These computations are also used to find the direction of the b crystallog. axis along the 2-fold axis and to make initial estimates of the a and c crystallog. axes in the sample. The final a and c crystallog. axes are then determined with a 2-dimensional dipolar spectrum. A 2nd independent method, 1-dimensional spectra taken with the applied field along directions perpendicular to the (011), the (110), and the (100) crystallog. planes, was used to confirm the result. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2R,3R,4S,5S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal hydrate (cas: 10030-85-0Name: (2R,3R,4S,5S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal hydrate).

(2R,3R,4S,5S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal hydrate (cas: 10030-85-0) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Name: (2R,3R,4S,5S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal hydrate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Carvacrol protects against carbonyl osmolyte-induced structural modifications and aggregation to serum albumin: Insights from physicochemical and molecular interaction studies was written by Ahmad, Saheem;Nabi, Rabia;Alvi, Sahir Sultan;Khan, Mahvish;Khan, Saif;Khan, Mohd. Yasir;Hussain, Imran;Shahanawaz, S. D.;Khan, M. Salman. And the article was included in International Journal of Biological Macromolecules in 2022.Formula: C10H14O This article mentions the following:

The robust use of osmolytes (i.e., polyols and sugars) in the key therapeutic regimens/formulations has questioned their impact beyond the stability of therapeutic proteins as these osmolytes trigger structural alterations into proteins including misfolding and subsequent aggregation into amyloid fibrils. Therefore, the current study is the first to delineate the inhibitory effect of carvacrol (CRV) on the carbonyl osmolyte-induced aggregation as well as structural alterations to the bovine serum albumin (BSA) via a set of physicochem. as well as artificial intelligence (AI)-based mol. docking studies. Our initial findings from physicochem. investigations revealed that CRV exhibits substantial protection to BSA under carbonyl osmolyte stress as evident by the compromised hyperchromicity, Schiff′s bases, carbonyl and hydroxymethyl furfural content, reduced fluorescent signals, low Rayleigh scattering and prevention of covalent modifications at Lys and Arg residues. The protection against aggregate formation by CRV was further confirmed through the reduced amyloid-specific congo red absorbance as well as fluorescent signals recorded after adding the fibril-specific extrinsic fluorophore probes (i.e., ThT and ANS). The AI-based mol. docking anal. further revealed that CRV (ΔG: -4.96 kcal/mol) competes with D-fructose (ΔG: -4.40 kcal/mol) to mask the Lys and Arg residues to restrict the osmolyte-mediated protein modifications. In conclusion, CRV exhibits substantial protective impact against carbonyl osmolyte-induced structural alterations and protein misfolding and aggregation. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2Formula: C10H14O).

5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Formula: C10H14O

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Acetoacetyl-CoA reductase PhaB as an excellent anti-Prelog biocatalyst for the synthesis of chiral β-hydroxyl ester and the molecular basis of its catalytic performance was written by Wang, Ting;Yang, Ke;Tian, Qing;Han, Ruiting;Zhang, Xuanshuo;Li, Aipeng;Zhang, Lianbing. And the article was included in Molecular Catalysis in 2021.HPLC of Formula: 120121-01-9 This article mentions the following:

Acetoacetyl-CoA reductase PhaB turned out to be capable of catalyzing the anti-Prelog asym. reduction of various β-ketoesters (1a-12a) and aromatic ketones (13a-29a). Particularly, PhaB showed high specific activity and excellent stereoselectivity (93.0%-99.8% eep) toward β-ketoesters. The specific activity of PhaB toward Et 4-chloroacetoacetate 11a was up to 1302.2 mU/mg. The mol. basis anal. showed the rotatable single bonds in β-ketoesters endow them with a high degree of structural flexibility and adaptability. Thus, β-ketoesters could quickly adjust their conformation and further form a productive conformation in the narrow substrate-binding pocket of the enzyme. In contrast, PhaB exhibited low specific activity and stereoselectivity toward the majority of aromatic ketones. The large steric hindrance and rigid structure resulted from aromatic rings made the aromatic ketones impossible to adjust their conformation as conveniently as β-ketoesters. Furthermore, it was found the halogen bond was the major driven force of the high specific activity of PhaB toward chlorinated β-ketoesters (10a and 11a), while the distribution of enzyme-substrate interactions was an important factor determining the enzyme activity besides the steric hindrance. Moreover, the geometric configuration of the substrate and the enzyme substrate-binding pocket played critical roles in determining the substrate binding mode and the enzyme stereoselectivity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9HPLC of Formula: 120121-01-9).

(R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.HPLC of Formula: 120121-01-9

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Structure-Guided Design of Potent Spirocyclic Inhibitors of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 3C-like Protease was written by Dampalla, Chamandi S.;Rathnayake, Athri D.;Galasiti Kankanamalage, Anushka C.;Kim, Yunjeong;Perera, Krishani Dinali;Nguyen, Harry Nhat;Miller, Matthew J.;Madden, Trent K.;Picard, Hunter R.;Thurman, Hayden A.;Kashipathy, Maithri M.;Liu, Lijun;Battaile, Kevin P.;Lovell, Scott;Chang, Kyeong-Ok;Groutas, William C.. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2022.Synthetic Route of C9H17NO3 This article mentions the following:

The worldwide impact of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic on public health has made imperative the discovery and development of direct-acting antivirals aimed at targeting viral and/or host targets. SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease (3CL^pro) has emerged as a validated target for the discovery of SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics because of the pivotal role it plays in viral replication. We describe herein the structure-guided design of highly potent inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 3CL^pro that incorporate in their structure novel spirocyclic design elements aimed at optimizing potency by accessing new chem. space. Inhibitors of both SARS-CoV-2 3CL^pro and MERS-CoV 3CL^pro that exhibit nM potency and high safety indexes have been identified. The mechanism of action of the inhibitors and the structural determinants associated with binding were established using high-resolution cocrystal structures. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Boc-Azetidine-3-yl-methanol (cas: 142253-56-3Synthetic Route of C9H17NO3).

1-Boc-Azetidine-3-yl-methanol (cas: 142253-56-3) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Synthetic Route of C9H17NO3

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

^tBuOLi-Promoted Hydroboration of Esters and Epoxides was written by Shi, Yinyin;Wang, Yue;Huang, Zhefan;Zhang, Fangjun;Shao, Yinlin. And the article was included in ACS Omega in 2022.Formula: C7H7ClO This article mentions the following:

Com. available and inexpensive lithium tert-butoxide (tBuOLi) acts as a good precatalyst for the hydroboration of esters, lactones, and epoxides using pinacolborane as a borylation agent. Functional groups such as cyano-, nitro-, amino-, vinyl, and alkynyl are unaffected under the presented hydroboration process, representing high chemoselectivity. This transformation has also been effectively applied to the synthesis of key intermediates of Erlotinib and Cinacalcet. Preliminary investigations of the mechanism show that the hydroboration proceeds through the in situ formed BH₃ species. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7Formula: C7H7ClO).

(4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Formula: C7H7ClO

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Chitosan/Hydroxyethyl Cellulose Gel Immobilized Polyaniline/CuO/ZnO Adsorptive-Photocatalytic Hybrid Nanocomposite for Congo Red Removal was written by Gelaw, Tadesse Bassie;Sarojini, Balladka Kunhanna;Kodoth, Arun Krishna. And the article was included in Journal of Polymers and the Environment in 2022.Safety of 1,2-Propanediol This article mentions the following:

Advanced photocatalytic degradation based on polymer/metal oxide hybrid composites can convert organic and related pollutants into an environmentally benign product. In this study, chitosan/hydroxyethyl cellulose (CS/HEC) gel immobilized polyaniline (PANI)/CuO/ZnO composite was prepared by in situ oxidative polymerization followed by ex-situ dispersion. The hybrid nanocomposite synthesized was characterized by FESEM, FTIR, EDX, XRD, TGA, and UV-Visible absorption spectroscopy. The degradation study was performed in the optimum time, pH, PANI/CuO/ZnO loading on CS/HEC gel, and catalyst dosage using 100μM Congo red. The correlation coefficients (R2) of pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetics were higher than 0.98 at different temperatures, signifying that the model was well fitted and the chem. interaction between Congo red and the catalyst at the interface. The activation energy of 19.56 kJ/mol showed chemisorption of Congo red at the interface. The neg. values of standard Gibbs free energy demonstrated that the Congo red adsorbed spontaneously to the catalyst surface. According to the Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics model, Congo red photocatalytic degradation followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. The decrease in degradation efficiency with the addition of ammonium oxalate and iso-Pr alc. proved that both pos. charged holes and hydroxyl radicals were involved in the catalysis. The catalytic degradation efficiency of the 0.4 g/L catalysts was 99.8 and 93.7% in the 1st and 4th cycle, resp., indicating that it is efficient, stable, and recyclable. The resulting hybrid nanocomposite is a promising photocatalyst for removing anionic dyes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6Safety of 1,2-Propanediol).

1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Safety of 1,2-Propanediol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Enantioselective Fluorescent Recognition of β-Amino Alcohols by Stereoselective Cyclization was written by Tian, Jun;Yu, Shanshan;Guo, Hongyu;Zhu, Maoshuai;Lu, Kai;Jiang, Yixuan;Yang, Jiaqiao;Yu, Xiaoqi;Pu, Lin. And the article was included in European Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2022.Quality Control of (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol This article mentions the following:

2,2′-Diformyl-1,1′-binaphthyl is found to exhibit highly enantioselective fluorescence enhancement in the presence of various β-amino alcs. and base. It provides a new method to determine the enantiomeric composition of those substrates and has potential for high throughput anal. Based on detailed spectroscopic analyses, it is proposed that a stereoselective cyclization of a β-amino alc. with the probe should occur to form a rigid macrocyclic intermediate, contributing to the greatly enhanced fluorescence. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3Quality Control of (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol).

(R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Quality Control of (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts