Month: January 2023

Mixed-Valence Tetranuclear Manganese Single-Molecule Magnets was written by Yoo, Jae;Yamaguchi, Akira;Nakano, Motohiro;Krzystek, J.;Streib, William E.;Brunel, Louis-Claude;Ishimoto, Hidehiko;Christou, George;Hendrickson, David N.. And the article was included in Inorganic Chemistry in 2001.Safety of 6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol This article mentions the following:

The preparations, x-ray structures, and detailed phys. characterizations are presented for two new mixed-valence tetranuclear Mn complexes that function as single-mol. magnets (SMM’s): [Mn₄(hmp)₆Br₂(H₂O)₂]Br₂·4H₂O (2) and [Mn₄(6-mehmp)₆Cl₄]·4H₂O (3), where hmp^– is the anion of 2-hydroxymethylpyridine and 6-mehmp^– is the anion of 6-methyl-2-hydroxymethylpyridine. Complex 2·4H₂O crystallizes in the space group P2₁/c, with at -160° of a 10.907(0), b 15.788(0), c 13.941(0) Å, β 101.21(0)°, and Z = 2. The cation lies on an inversion center and consists of a planar Mn₄ rhombus that is mixed-valence, Mn^III₂Mn^II₂. The hmp^– ligands function as bidentate ligands and as the only bridging ligands in 2·4H₂O. Complex 3·4H₂O crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c, with at -160° of a 17.0852(4), b 20.8781(5), c 14.835(3) Å, β 90.5485(8)°, and Z = 4. This neutral complex also has a mixed-valence Mn^III₂Mn^II₂ composition and is best described as having four Mn ions arranged in a bent chain. An μ₂-O atom of the 6-mehmp^– anion bridges between the Mn ions; the Cl^– ligands are terminal. Variable-field magnetization and high-frequency and -field EPR (HFEPR) data indicate that complex 2·4H₂O has a S = 9 ground state whereas complex 3·4H₂O has S = 0 ground state. Fine structure patterns are seen in the HFEPR spectra, and in the case of 2·4H₂O it was possible to simulate the fine structure assuming S = 9 with the parameters g = 1.999, axial zero-field splitting of D/k_B = -0.498 K, quartic longitudinal zero-field splitting of B₄^ο/k_B = 1.72 × 10^-5 K, and rhombic zero-field splitting of E/k_B = 0.124 K. Complex 2·4H₂O exhibits a frequency-dependent out-of-phase a.c. magnetic susceptibility signal, clearly indicating that this complex functions as a SMM. The a.c. susceptibility data for complex 2·4H₂O were measured in the 0.05-4.0 K range and when fit to the Arrhenius law, gave an activation energy of ΔE = 15.8 K for the reversal of magnetization. This ΔE value is to be compared to the potential-energy barrier height of U/k_B = |DŜZ2| = 40.3 K calculated for 2·4H₂O. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol (cas: 1122-71-0Safety of 6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol).

6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol (cas: 1122-71-0) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Safety of 6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Comparative genomic analysis reveals potential pathogenicity and slow-growth characteristics of genus Brevundimonas and Description of Brevundimonas pishanensis sp. nov. was written by Huang, Zhenzhou;Yu, Keyi;Xiao, Yue;Wang, Yonglu;Xiao, Di;Wang, Duochun. And the article was included in Microbiology Spectrum in 2022.Synthetic Route of C4H10O4 This article mentions the following:

The genus Brevundimonas consists of Gram-neg. bacteria widely distributed in environment and can cause human infections. However, the genomic characteristics and pathogenicity of Brevundimonas remain poorly studied. Here, the whole-genome features of 24 Brevundimonas type strains were described. Brevundimonas spp. had relatively small genomes (3.13 ± 0.29 Mb) within the family Caulobacteraceae but high G + C contents (67.01 ± 2.19 mol%). Two-dimensional hierarchical clustering divided those genomes into 5 major clades, in which clades II and V contained nine and five species, resp. Interestingly, phylogenetic anal. showed a one-to-one match between core and accessory genomes, which suggested coevolution of species within the genus Brevundimonas. The unique genes were annotated to biol. functions like catalytic activity, signaling and cellular processes, multisubstance metabolism, etc. The majority of Brevundimonas spp. harbored virulence-associated genes icl, tufA, kdsA, htpB, and acpXL, which encoded isocitrate lyase, elongation factor, 2-dehydro-3-deoxyphosphooctonate aldolase, heat shock protein, and acyl carrier protein, resp. In addition, genomic islands (GIs) and phages/prophages were identified within the Brevundimonas genus. Importantly, a novel Brevundimonas species was identified from the feces of a patient (suffering from diarrhea) by the analyses of biochem. characteristics, phylogenetic tree of 16S rRNA gene, multilocus sequence anal. (MLSA) sequences, and genomic data. The name Brevundimonas pishanensis sp. nov. was proposed, with type strain CHPC 1.3453 (= GDMCC 1.2503T = KCTC 82824T). Brevundimonas spp. also showed obvious slow growth compared with that of Escherichia coli. Our study reveals insights into genomic characteristics and potential virulence-associated genes of Brevundimonas spp., and provides a basis for further intensive study of the pathogenicity of Brevundimonas. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6Synthetic Route of C4H10O4).

(2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Synthetic Route of C4H10O4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Dehydrogenative Esterification and Dehydrative Etherification by Coupling of Primary Alcohols Based on Catalytic Function Switching of an Iridium Complex was written by Onoda, Mitsuki;Fujita, Ken-ichi. And the article was included in ChemistrySelect in 2022.Name: (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol This article mentions the following:

In this study, a new catalytic function switching system: not only dehydrogenative esterification but also dehydrative etherification under environmentally friendly conditions were accomplished by the employment of a single iridium catalyst based on catalytic function switching was successfully developed. Using benzyl alc. as a starting material, the esterification product, benzyl benzoate, and the etherification product, dibenzyl ether, were obtained in 92% and 89% yields, resp., by employing same iridium catalyst precursor bearing a dihydroxybipyridine ligand, under optimized conditions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7Name: (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol).

(4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Name: (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

1-Octen-3-ol is formed from its primeveroside after mechanical wounding of soybean leaves was written by Ntoruru, Juliano Mwenda;Ohnishi, Toshiyuki;Katsumata, Fumiya;Koeduka, Takao;Matsui, Kenji. And the article was included in Plant Molecular Biology in 2022.Reference of 3391-86-4 This article mentions the following:

Hydrolysis of 1-octen-3-yl β-primeveroside implemented by a system with high structure-specificity is accountable for the rapid formation of 1-octen-3-ol from soybean leaves after mech. wounding. 1-Octen-3-ol is a volatile compound ubiquitous in fungi; however, a subset of plant species also has the ability to form 1-octen-3-ol. Owing to its volatile nature, it has been anticipated that 1-octen-3-ol is associated with the effort of the emitter to control the behavior of the surrounding organisms; however, its ecol. significance and the enzymes involved in its biosynthesis have not been fully elucidated, particularly in plants. We previously found that soybean (Glycine max) seeds contain 1-octen-3-yl β-primeveroside (pri). To elucidate the physiol. significance and the biosynthesis of 1-octen-3-ol in plants, changes in the amount of 1-octen-3-yl pri during development of soybean plants was examined A high 1-octen-3-yl pri level was found in young developing green organs, such as young leaves and sepals. Treatment of soybean leaves with Me jasmonates resulted in a significant increase in the amount of 1-octen-3-yl pri; suggesting its involvement in defense responses. Although 1-octen-3-ol was below the detection limit in intact soybean leaves, mech. damage to the leaves caused rapid hydrolysis of almost all 1-octen-3-yl pri to liberate volatile 1-octen-3-ol. Under the same conditions, the other glycosides, including isoflavone glycoside and linalool diglycoside, were hardly hydrolyzed. Therefore, the enzyme system to liberate aglycon from glycosides in soybean leaves should have strict substrate specificity. 1-Octen-3-yl pri might function as a storage form of volatile 1-octen-3-ol for immediate response against stresses accompanying tissue wounding. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4Reference of 3391-86-4).

Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Reference of 3391-86-4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

New pleconaril and [(biphenyloxy)propyl]isoxazole derivatives with substitutions in the central ring exhibit antiviral activity against pleconaril-resistant coxsackievirus B3 was written by Schmidtke, Michaela;Wutzler, Peter;Zieger, Romy;Riabova, Olga B.;Makarov, Vadim A.. And the article was included in Antiviral Research in 2009.Quality Control of 4-Hydroxy-3-methylbenzonitrile This article mentions the following:

Amino acid 1092 (AA1092) in capsid protein 1 of coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) is located in close vicinity to the central phenoxy group of capsid binders (i.e. pleconaril). Whereas isoleucine is associated with drug susceptibility, leucine and methionine confer resistance to pleconaril. In the present study, novel analogs with different substitutions in the central phenoxy group were synthesized to study their influence on anti-CVB3 activity with the aim to overcome pleconaril resistance. Two [(biphenyloxy)propyl]isoxazoles and pleconaril were synthesized without Me groups in the central phenoxy ring using Suzuki coupling reaction and tested for antiviral activity against the pleconaril-resistant CVB3 Nancy. Furthermore, pleconaril with 3-Me, 3-methoxy, 3-bromine, 2,3-di-Me in the central ring as well as the external rings in meta position were synthesized for structure-activity relationship anal. with CVB3 variants containing leucine, methionine or isoleucine at position 1092, other coxsackieviruses B (CVB) as well as several rhinoviruses. The results demonstrate a high impact of substituents in the central ring of capsid inhibitors for anti-enteroviral activity. Pleconaril resistance of CVB3 based on Leu1092 or Met1092 was overcome by unsubstituted analogs or by monosubstitution with 3-Me as well as 3-bromine in the central Ph. The 3-bromine derivative inhibited a broad spectrum of CVB and rhinoviruses. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Hydroxy-3-methylbenzonitrile (cas: 15777-70-5Quality Control of 4-Hydroxy-3-methylbenzonitrile).

4-Hydroxy-3-methylbenzonitrile (cas: 15777-70-5) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Quality Control of 4-Hydroxy-3-methylbenzonitrile

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Superwetting comonomers reduce adhesion of E. coli BL21 was written by Khan, Madiha F.;Luong, Nicholas;Kurian, Jerry;Brook, Michael A.. And the article was included in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) in 2017.Recommanded Product: 4074-88-8 This article mentions the following:

The adhesion of Escherichia coli to copolymers of methacrylates and a trisiloxane-polyether acrylate surfactant was found to be at a min. with copolymers containing a low (20%) fraction of the surfactant monomer. Rather than wettability, hardness, or water uptake, adhesion was found to be limited by the presence of low concentrations of bound surfactant that can interact with hydrophobic domains on the bacterium inhibiting anchoring to the polymer surface. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate (cas: 4074-88-8Recommanded Product: 4074-88-8).

Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate (cas: 4074-88-8) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Recommanded Product: 4074-88-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Rh^III-catalyzed dual directing group assisted sterically hindered C-H bond activation: a unique route to meta and ortho substituted benzofurans was written by Yeh, Chien-Hung;Chen, Wei-Chen;Gandeepan, Parthasarathy;Hong, Ya-Chun;Shih, Cheng-Hung;Cheng, Chien-Hong. And the article was included in Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry in 2014.SDS of cas: 60549-26-0 This article mentions the following:

A new strategy for the synthesis of highly substituted benzofurans, e.g., I (X-rays single crystal structure shown), from meta-substituted hydroxybenzenes and alkynes via a rhodium(III)-catalyzed activation of a sterically hindered C-H bond is demonstrated. A possible mechanism involving dual directing group assisted ortho C-H bond activation is proposed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Hydroxy-5-methylbenzaldehyde (cas: 60549-26-0SDS of cas: 60549-26-0).

3-Hydroxy-5-methylbenzaldehyde (cas: 60549-26-0) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.SDS of cas: 60549-26-0

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Luminescent tungsten(VI) complexes as photocatalysts for light-driven C-C and C-B bond formation reactions was written by Yu, Daohong;To, Wai-Pong;Tong, Glenna So Ming;Wu, Liang-Liang;Chan, Kaai-Tung;Du, Lili;Phillips, David Lee;Liu, Yungen;Che, Chi-Ming. And the article was included in Chemical Science in 2020.Safety of 2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane This article mentions the following:

The realization of photocatalysis for practical synthetic application hinges on the development of inexpensive photocatalysts which can be prepared on a large scale. Herein an air-stable, visible-light-absorbing photoluminescent tungsten(VI) complex which can be conveniently prepared at the gram-scale is described. This complex could catalyze photochem. organic transformation reactions including borylation of aryl halides R¹X (X = Cl, Br, I; R¹ = 4-[ethoxy(oxo)methane]phenyl, naphthalen-2-yl, 3,5-dimethylphenyl, etc.), reductive coupling of benzyl bromides R²CH₂Br (R² = Ph, 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl, 2-bromophenyl, etc.) for C-C bond formation, reductive coupling of phenacyl bromides R³C(O)CH₂Br (R³ = Ph, 4-fluorophenyl, 2-methoxyphenyl, 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl) and decarboxylative coupling of redox-active esters of alkyl carboxylic acid with high product yields and broad functional group tolerance. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 68716-49-4Safety of 2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane).

2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 68716-49-4) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Safety of 2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Immunoprotective potential of Ayurvedic herb Kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata) against respiratory viral infections – LC-MS/MS and network pharmacology analysis was written by Banerjee, Subhadip;Kar, Amit;Mukherjee, Pulok K.;Haldar, Pallab K.;Sharma, Nanaocha;Katiyar, Chandra Kant. And the article was included in Phytochemical Analysis in 2021.Application In Synthesis of (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol This article mentions the following:

Immunity boosting has emerged as a global strategy to fight the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic situation. In India, AYUSH systems of medicine have been promoted as an immune-protection strategy. Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F) Nees (AP) mentioned in Ayurveda has been widely used for treating sore throat, flu, and upper respiratory tract infections which may provide possible novel therapeutic approaches, exclusively targeting SARS-CoV-2 and its pathways. The present work uses liquid chromatog.-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) metabolomics and combination synergy anal. based on network pharmacol. to mine multimode evidence to understand the possible mechanism of action, diseases association, protein-protein interaction and major pathways involved therein. Metabolite profiling was performed by Agilent QTOF LC-MS/MS system. Network pharmacol. anal. was performed by using functional annotation anal. based on databases like Binding DB, STRING, DAVID and KEGG for further data mining. Further combination synergy was evaluated using “neighborhood approach” and networks were constructed through Cytoscape 3.2.1. The mols. from kalmegh provides immune-protection and anti-viral response via involving different pathways, like toll-like receptor pathway, PI3/AKT pathway and MAP kinase pathways against COVID-19 infection. The KEGG anal. showed that in a vast majority of the most enriched pathways, AP were associated with viral infections and upper respiratory tract infections. The results suggest a synergy between andrographolide and other mols. identified as safe and efficacious anti-inflammatory agent having effects on upper respiratory tract infections and can significantly decrease the production of cytokines and pro-inflammatory factors in viral infections. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6Application In Synthesis of (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol).

(E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Application In Synthesis of (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Ultrasound-assisted nanoemulsion of Trachyspermum ammi essential oil and its constituent thymol on toxicity and biochemical aspect of Aedes aegypti was written by Subaharan, Kesavan;Senthamarai Selvan, Periyasamy;Subramanya, Thagare Manjunatha;Senthoorraja, Rajendran;Manjunath, Sowmya;Das, Tania;Pragadheesh, Vppalayam Shanmugam;Bakthavatsalam, Nandagopal;Mohan, Muthu Gounder;Senthil-Nathan, Sengottayan;Uragayala, Sreehari;Samuel, Paulraj Philip;Govindarajan, Renu;Eswaramoorthy, Muthuswamy. And the article was included in Environmental Science and Pollution Research in 2022.HPLC of Formula: 499-75-2 This article mentions the following:

Aedes aegypti is the main vector of yellow fever, chikungunya, Zika, and dengue worldwide and is managed by using chem. insecticides. Though effective, their indiscriminate use brings in associated problems on safety to non-target and the environment. This supports the use of plant-based essential oil (EO) formulations as they are safe to use with limited effect on non-target organisms. Quick volatility and degradation of EO are a hurdle in its use; the present study attempts to develop nanoemulsions (NE) of Trachyspermum ammi EO and its constituent thymol using Tween 80 as surfactant by ultrasonication method. The NE of EO had droplet size ranging from 65 ± 0.7 to 83 ± 0.09 nm and a poly dispersity index (PDI) value of 0.18 ± 0.003 to 0.20 ± 0.07 from 1 to 60 days of storage. The NE of thymol showed a droplet size ranging from 167 ± 1 to 230 ± 1 nm and PDI value of 0.30 ± 0.03 to 0.40 ± 0.008 from 1 to 60 days of storage. The droplet shape of both NEs appeared spherical under a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The larvicidal effect of NEs of EO and thymol was better than BEs (Bulk emulsion) of EO and thymol against Ae. aegypti. Among the NEs, thymol (LC50 34.89 ppm) had better larvicidal action than EO (LC50 46.73 ppm). Exposure to NEs of EO and thymol causes the shrinkage of the larval cuticle and inhibited the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in Ae. aegypti. Our findings show the enhanced effect of NEs over BEs which facilitate its use as an alternative control measure for Ae. aegypti. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2HPLC of Formula: 499-75-2).

5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.HPLC of Formula: 499-75-2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts