Month: January 2023

The roles of different photoselective nets in the targeted regulation of metabolite accumulation, wine aroma and sensory profiles in warm viticulture regions was written by Li, Wanping;Liu, Min;Chen, Keqin;Zhang, Jinsheng;Xue, Tingting;Cheng, Zhenglong;Zhang, Bo;Zhang, Kekun;Fang, Yulin. And the article was included in Food Chemistry in 2022.HPLC of Formula: 3391-86-4 This article mentions the following:

To improve the quality of grapes and wine in warm viticulture regions, the effects of pearl, red and black photoselective nets on the quality of grapes and wine were systematically investigated. Compared with the CK (open field), three nets improved the microclimate conditions and reduced grape sugar and wine alc. levels. However, the nets differentially affected other quality profiles of the grapes and wine. The pearl net reduced the total flavanol contents in grapes and total aromatic volatiles in wine. The red net increased the total flavanol, tannin and total aromatic volatile contents in wine by approx. 40%, 95% and 10%, resp., and the percentages for the black net were 30%, 45% and 3%, resp. The red and pearl nets were more inclined to improve the taste and aroma sensory qualities of wine than the black net did. The red net had the highest comprehensive scores via principal component anal. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4HPLC of Formula: 3391-86-4).

Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.HPLC of Formula: 3391-86-4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Screening and Reverse-Engineering of Estrogen Receptor Ligands as Potent Pan-Filovirus Inhibitors was written by Cooper, Laura;Schafer, Adam;Li, Yangfeng;Cheng, Han;Medegan Fagla, Bani;Shen, Zhengnan;Nowar, Raghad;Dye, Katherine;Anantpadma, Manu;Davey, Robert A.;Thatcher, Gregory R. J.;Rong, Lijun;Xiong, Rui. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2020.Safety of (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol This article mentions the following:

Filoviridae, including Ebola (EBOV) and Marburg (MARV) viruses, are emerging pathogens that pose a serious threat to public health. No agents have been approved to treat filovirus infections, representing a major unmet medical need. The selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) toremifene was previously identified from a screen of FDA-approved drugs as a potent EBOV viral entry inhibitor, via binding to EBOV glycoprotein (GP). A focused screen of ER ligands identified ridaifen-B as a potent dual inhibitor of EBOV and MARV. Optimization and reverse-engineering to remove ER activity led to a novel compound 30 (XL-147)(I) showing potent inhibition against infectious EBOV Zaire (0.09μM) and MARV (0.64μM). Mutagenesis studies confirmed that inhibition of EBOV viral entry is mediated by the direct interaction with GP. Importantly, compound 30 displayed a broad-spectrum antifilovirus activity against Bundibugyo, Tai Forest, Reston, and Menglá viruses and is the first submicromolar antiviral agent reported for some of these strains, therefore warranting further development as a pan-filovirus inhibitor. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7Safety of (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol).

(Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Safety of (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Synthesis, Structural Characterization and Stereochemical Investigation of Chiral Sulfur-Functionalised N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes of Palladium and Platinum was written by Krishnan, Deepa;Pullarkat, Sumod A.;Wu, Meiyi;Li, Yongxin;Leung, Pak-Hing. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2013.Quality Control of Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate This article mentions the following:

Pd and Pt complexes containing a S-functionalized N-heterocyclic carbene (S-NHC) chelate ligand were synthesized. The absolute conformations of these novel organometallic S-NHC chelates were determined by x-ray structural analyses and solution-phase 2-dimensional ¹H-¹H ROESY NMR spectroscopy. The structural studies revealed that the Ph substituents on the stereogenic C atoms invariably take up the axial positions on the Pd-C-S coordination plane to afford a skewed five-membered ring structure. All of the chiral complexes are structurally rigid and stereochem. locked in a chiral ring conformation that is either (R_s,S,R)-λ or (S_s,R,R)-δ in both the solid state and solution In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate (cas: 29364-29-2Quality Control of Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate).

Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate (cas: 29364-29-2) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Quality Control of Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Nonenzymatic Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of in situ Generated Hemithioacetals: Access to 1,3-Disubstituted Phthalans was written by Nath, Utpal;Chowdhury, Deepan;Pan, Subhas Chandra. And the article was included in Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis in 2018.HPLC of Formula: 1777-82-8 This article mentions the following:

The first nonenzymic DKR reaction of hemithioacetals was developed. Hemithioacetals were formed in-situ via thiol addition and subsequently underwent an intramol. oxa-Michael reaction. The scope of the reaction was quite broad ranging from aliphatic to aromatic substituents and 1,3-disubstituted-1,3-dihyroisobenzofuran products were obtained in good yields with moderate diastereoselectivities and high enantioselectivities. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8HPLC of Formula: 1777-82-8).

(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.HPLC of Formula: 1777-82-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

High-level expression and optimization of pantoate-β-alanine ligase in Bacillus megaterium for the enhanced biocatalytic production of D-pantothenic acid was written by Tadi, Subbi Rami Reddy;Nehru, Ganesh;Limaye, Anil Mukund;Sivaprakasam, Senthilkumar. And the article was included in Journal of Food Science and Technology (New Delhi, India) in 2022.Name: Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate This article mentions the following:

D-Pantothenic acid (DPA), also known as vitamin B₅ is associated with several biol. functions and its deficiency causes metabolic and energetic disorders in humans. Fortification of foods with DPA is the viable option to address this risk. DPA biol. production route employs pantoate-β-alanine ligase (PBL) as the key enzyme, which avoids the tedious and time-consuming optical resolution process. The selection of an efficient PBL enzyme is vital for the biol. production of DPA. In this study, the panC gene encoding PBL from Escherichia coli, Bacillus megaterium, Corynebacterium glutamicum and Bacillus subtilis was expressed in B. megaterium. B. subtilis derived panC exhibited high PBL activity 61.62 ± 2.15 U/mL. Co-expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (pckA) did not improve the DPA production in B. megaterium. Biocatalytic fed-batch fermentation with externally supplemented precursor substrates (D-pantoic acid and β-alanine) improved DPA titer to 45.56 ± 0.53 g/L. Daily dietary requirements of DPA for different age groups (including babies, small children, athletes and elderly people) is steadily increasing and the improved DPA production addressed in this study offers advantage for its application in fortification of food products meeting the emerging nutritional demand. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6Name: Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Name: Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Enantio sensing property of helicin, the derivative of a natural product: Discrimination of amines and amino alcohols was written by Kumari, Divya;Sachin, S. L.;Suryaprakash, N.. And the article was included in Chemical Physics Letters in 2015.Name: (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol This article mentions the following:

The chiral sensing property of helicin (the derivative of natural product obtained by partial oxidation of salicin, extracted from willow tree (Salix helix)) is reported. The use of helicin as a chiral derivatizing agent for the discrimination of amines and amino alcs. is convincingly established using ¹H NMR spectroscopy. The large chem. shift separation achieved between the discriminated peaks facilitated the accurate quantification of enantiomeric composition The consistent trend observed in the shifting of imine proton peak (Δδ) of helicin in all the derivatized mols. might aid the determination of spatial configuration. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3Name: (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol).

(R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Name: (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Solubilization of iodine by a nonionic surfactant was written by Henderson, G.;Newton, J. M.. And the article was included in Pharmaceutica Acta Helvetiae in 1966.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Aqueous and nonaqueous solutions containing iodine and a nonionic surfactant [Cetomacrogol 1000 (I)] were studied. There was evidence that 1:1 charge transfer complex formation occurred in both types of solution, although an accurate determination of the stability constant of the complex by spectrophotometric means was prevented by the occurrence of chem. reactions within the system. Calculated from solubility data, the stability constant of the complex and the distribution coefficient between water and a micellar pseudo phase varied with the concentration of I. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, rel-(1s,4s)-4-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methylcyclohexanol hydrate (cas: 2451-01-6Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks).

rel-(1s,4s)-4-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-methylcyclohexanol hydrate (cas: 2451-01-6) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Chemicals of concern in building materials: A high-throughput screening was written by Huang, Lei;Fantke, Peter;Ritscher, Amelie;Jolliet, Olivier. And the article was included in Journal of Hazardous Materials in 2022.Application In Synthesis of 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) This article mentions the following:

Chems. used in building materials can be a major passive emission source indoors, associated with the deterioration of indoor environmental quality. This study aims to screen the various chems. used in building materials for potential near-field human exposures and related health risks, identifying chems. and products of concern to inform risk reduction efforts. We propose a mass balance-based and high-throughput suited model for predicting chem. emissions from building materials considering indoor sorption. Using this model, we performed a screening-level human exposure assessment for chems. in building materials, starting from product chem. composition data reported in the Pharos Building Products Database for the USA. Health risks and MAximum chem. Contents from High-Throughput Screening (MACHTS) were determined, combining exposure estimates with toxicity information. Exposures were estimated for > 300 unique chem.-product combinations from the Pharos databases, of which 73% (25%) had non-cancer (cancer) toxicity data available. We identified 55 substances as chems. of high concern, with actual chem. contents exceeding MACHTS by up to a factor 105, in particular diisocyanates and formaldehyde. This stresses the need for more refined investigations to select safer alternatives. This study serves as a suitable starting point for prioritizing chems./products and thus developing safer and more sustainable building materials. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6Application In Synthesis of 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol)).

2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Application In Synthesis of 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol)

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Female sexual function improved with ospemifene in postmenopausal women with vulvar and vaginal atrophy: results of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial was written by Constantine, G.;Graham, S.;Portman, D. J.;Rosen, R. C.;Kingsberg, S. A.. And the article was included in Climacteric in 2015.Recommanded Product: 128607-22-7 This article mentions the following:

Background Ospemifene is a non-estrogen, tissue selective estrogen receptor agonist/antagonist, or selective estrogen receptor modulator, recently approved for the treatment of dyspareunia, a symptom of vulvar and vaginal atrophy (VVA), due to menopause. Postmenopausal dyspareunia is often associated with female sexual dysfunction (FSD). In this report, we present data that demonstrate the effect of ospemifene 60 mg/day on FSD assessed by the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), a widely used tool with six domains (Arousal, Desire, Orgasm, Lubrication, Satisfaction, and Pain). Methods A phase-3, randomized, double-blind, 12-wk trial (n = 919) compared the efficacy and safety of oral ospemifene 60 mg/day vs. placebo in postmenopausal women with VVA in two strata based on self-reported, most bothersome symptom of either dyspareunia or dryness. Primary data were published previously. We report herein pre-specified secondary efficacy endpoints analyses, including changes from baseline to Weeks 4 and 12 for FSFI total and domain scores as well as serum hormone levels. Results Ospemifene 60 mg/day demonstrated a significantly greater FSFI total score improvement vs. placebo at Week 4 (p < 0.001). Improvement in FSFI scores continued to Week 12 (p < 0.001). At Week 4, the FSFI domains of Sexual Pain, Arousal, and Desire were significantly improved with ospemifene vs. placebo; at Week 12, improvements in all domains were significant (p < 0.05). Changes in serum hormones were minor and uncorrelated with changes in sexual functioning. Conclusion In a large, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, ospemifene 60 mg/day significantly improved FSD in women with VVA. Consistent effects across FSFI domains were observed In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7Recommanded Product: 128607-22-7).

(Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Recommanded Product: 128607-22-7

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Synthesis, characterisation and crystal structure of a co-crystal of two components. 1,2-Bis(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)ethane-1,2-dione and 1-(pyridin-2-yl)-2-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)ethane-1,2-dione was written by Percino, M. Judith;Chapela, Victor M.;Urzua, Omar;Toribio, Hector;Rodriguez-Barbarin, Cecilia. And the article was included in Journal of Chemical Research in 2007.Synthetic Route of C7H9NO This article mentions the following:

A condensation reaction of an equimolar ratio of 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde and (6-methylpyridin-2-yl)methanol without a catalyst in a solvent-free reaction at 140°C was expected to yield 2-hydroxy-[1,2-bis(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)]ethan-1-one. FT-IR spectroscopy of the yellow-brown solid reaction product indicated the presence of a -CO-COH- group. The solid compound was treated with cyclohexane and green crystals were produced. The crystals were characterized by FT-IR, ¹H NMR, El mass spectrometry and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The mol. and crystal structure determined by single-crystal x-ray diffraction resolved one crystal showing two mol. components [C₁₃H₁₀N₂O₂ and C₁₄H₁₂N₂O₂] at a ratio of 60.4:39.6 [C_13.40H_10.79N₂O₂]. Both compounds co-crystallize in the triclinic space group P-1, with a = 7.859(5), b = 8.021(14), c = 9.060(5) A, α = 101.36(2)°, β = 90.06(3)°, γ = 90.92(3)°, V = 559.8(5) ų, Z = 2. The compounds were 1,2-bis(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)ethane-1,2-dione and 1-(pyridin-2-yl)-2-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)ethane-1,2-dione. These results are important because they confirm that condensation in a solvent- and catalyst-free reaction yielded precursors that were converted into α-diketone compounds by the action of solvent and oxygen. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol (cas: 1122-71-0Synthetic Route of C7H9NO).

6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol (cas: 1122-71-0) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Synthetic Route of C7H9NO

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts