Month: January 2023

Novel substrates for efficient enzymatic transglycosylation by Bacillus circulans was written by Komba, Shiro;Ito, Yukishige. And the article was included in Canadian Journal of Chemistry in 2002.SDS of cas: 60463-12-9 This article mentions the following:

To develop transglycosylation for efficient preparation of N-acetyllactosamine (Galβ(1→4)GlcNAc, LacNAc), β-galactosidase mediated transglycosylation using novel substrates Bacillus Circulans was explored. To make transglycosylation entropically favorable over hydrolysis, donor (lactose or galactose) and acceptor (N-acetylglucosamine, GlcNAc) components were connected to a single mol. For that purpose, 1,2- and 1,3-benzenedimethanol and 2-hydroxy-5-nitro- and 5-hydroxy-2-nitro-benzyl alc. were screened as linkers and enzymic transglycosylation was examined under several conditions. In the case of 2-hydroxy-5-nitro-benzyl connected substrate 40, an indication of the occurrence of intramol. transglycosylation was observed, and the desired product (58) was obtained in 26% isolated yield. The same reaction in the presence of CMP sialic acid and α-(2→6)-sialyltransferase gave sialyl LacNAc 87 in one pot in 39% isolated yield. Addnl., the effect of the C-2 substituent of the acceptor component was briefly examined using substrates containing NHAlloc (72), NHTroc (73), and N₃ (74) groups. Although the occurrence of intramol. transglycosylation was not clear in these cases, disaccharides 81-83 were obtained in reasonable yields. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9SDS of cas: 60463-12-9).

3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.SDS of cas: 60463-12-9

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Transition Metal-Free Synthesis of meta-Bromo- and meta-Trifluoromethylanilines from Cyclopentanones by a Cascade Reaction was written by Staudt, Markus;Cetin, Adnan;Bunch, Lennart. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2022.COA of Formula: C4H11NO This article mentions the following:

A transition metal-free method for the synthesis of meta-bromo- and meta-trifluoromethylanilines starting from 3-tribromomethylcyclopentanone or 3-(2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethyl)cyclopentanone, resp. was reported. The scope of the transformation was shown by application of primary, secondary and aromatic amines. The reaction proceeded in acceptable to high yields (20-81%), and allows for the synthesis of anilines with substitution patterns otherwise difficult to access. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3COA of Formula: C4H11NO).

(R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.COA of Formula: C4H11NO

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Interplay Between Steric and Electronic Effects: A Joint Spectroscopy and Computational Study of Nonheme Iron(IV)-Oxo Complexes was written by Mukherjee, Gourab;Alili, Aligulu;Barman, Prasenjit;Kumar, Devesh;Sastri, Chivukula V.;de Visser, Sam P.. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2019.Application of 1122-71-0 This article mentions the following:

Iron is an essential element in nonheme enzymes that plays a crucial role in many vital oxidative transformations and metabolic reactions in the human body. Many of those reactions are regio- and stereospecific and it is believed that the selectivity is guided by second-coordination sphere effects in the protein. Here, results are shown of a few engineered biomimetic ligand frameworks based on the N4Py (N,N-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)-N-bis(2-pyridyl)methylamine) scaffold and the second-coordination sphere effects are studied. For the first time, selective substitutions in the ligand framework have been shown to tune the catalytic properties of the iron(IV)-oxo complexes by regulating the steric and electronic factors. In particular, a better positioning of the oxidant and substrate in the rate-determining transition state lowers the reaction barriers. Therefore, an optimum balance between steric and electronic factors mediates the ideal positioning of oxidant and substrate in the rate-determining transition state that affects the reactivity of high-valent reaction intermediates. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol (cas: 1122-71-0Application of 1122-71-0).

6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol (cas: 1122-71-0) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Application of 1122-71-0

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Hydrogel of poly (SSNa-cross-TeEGDMA): preparation, characterization, and swelling behavior was written by Masika, Bradai;Houari, Sebti;Seghier, Ould Kada;Zohra, Sebba Fatima. And the article was included in Pharma Chemica in 2016.SDS of cas: 109-17-1 This article mentions the following:

Series of novel hydrogels based on sodium styrene sulfonate(SSNa) and tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TeEGDMA) copolymers, were prepared by free radical crosslinking copolymerization and were characterized using Spectra of Fourier transform IR spectroscopy (FTIR), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).The swelling properties of these hydrogels were achieved in distilled water at different pH at 25°C, the results showed that the swelling ratio are proportional to the sodium styrene sulfonate(SSNa) percent molar composition of 40, 50 and 80 incorporated in each hydrogel, The values swelling ratio of the basic medium are higher than those observed in acidic and neutral medium. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1SDS of cas: 109-17-1).

((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.SDS of cas: 109-17-1

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Fermentation mechanism of ginkgo rice wine using an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry based metabolomics method was written by Chen, Lihua;Li, Dongna;Rong, Yuzhi. And the article was included in Journal of Food Composition and Analysis in 2022.Safety of (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol This article mentions the following:

Ginkgo biloba is traditionally used as food and medicine. The quality of ginkgo rice wine (GRW) is closely related to its fermentation metabolites. However, there is no research in this area and the mechanism has not yet been explored. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatog.-quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry-based metabolomics was used to screen the metabolites and predict the major possible metabolic pathways during ginkgo rice wine (GRW) fermentation in this study. Histidine and cysteine in GRW for 60 h have changed significantly, which directly affects the flavor of GRW. The bitter substances such as xanthines, umami substances such as IMP and L-glutamate, and sour substances such as malic acid and citric acid in GRW have evident changes. Fermentation may be a promising method to synthesize ginkgolide C and degrade ginkgolic acid biol. To understand the transformation and accumulation of metabolites, the potential metabolic pathways in GRW fermentation were explored. The study might provide a theor. basis to improve the quality of GRW through metabolic regulation. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6Safety of (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol).

(2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Safety of (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Discovery of N-(4-Fluoro-3-methoxybenzyl)-6-(2-(((2S,5R)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1,4-dioxan-2-yl)methyl)-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-2-methylpyrimidine-4-carboxamide. A Highly Selective and Orally Bioavailable Matrix Metalloproteinase-13 Inhibitor for the Potential Treatment of Osteoarthritis was written by Ruminski, Peter G.;Massa, Mark;Strohbach, Joseph;Hanau, Cathleen E.;Schmidt, Michelle;Scholten, Jeffrey A.;Fletcher, Theresa R.;Hamper, Bruce C.;Carroll, Jeffery N.;Shieh, Huey S.;Caspers, Nicole;Collins, Brandon;Grapperhaus, Margaret;Palmquist, Katherine E.;Collins, Joe;Baldus, John E.;Hitchcock, Jeffrey;Kleine, H. Peter;Rogers, Michael D.;McDonald, Joseph;Munie, Grace E.;Messing, Dean M.;Portolan, Silvia;Whiteley, Laurence O.;Sunyer, Teresa;Schnute, Mark E.. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2016.Recommanded Product: 223131-01-9 This article mentions the following:

Matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) is a zinc-dependent protease responsible for the cleavage of type II collagen, the major structural protein of articular cartilage. Degradation of this cartilage matrix leads to the development of osteoarthritis. We previously have described highly potent and selective carboxylic acid containing MMP-13 inhibitors; however, nephrotoxicity in preclin. toxicol. species precluded development. The accumulation of compound in the kidneys mediated by human organic anion transporter 3 (hOAT3) was hypothesized as a contributing factor for the finding. Herein we report our efforts to optimize the MMP-13 potency and pharmacokinetic properties of non-carboxylic acid leads resulting in the identification of compound 43a lacking the previously observed preclin. toxicol. at comparable exposures. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, tert-Butyl (cis-4-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexyl)carbamate (cas: 223131-01-9Recommanded Product: 223131-01-9).

tert-Butyl (cis-4-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexyl)carbamate (cas: 223131-01-9) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Recommanded Product: 223131-01-9

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Evaluation of the slow-release polylactic acid/polyhydroxyalkanoates active film containing oregano essential oil on the quality and flavor of chilled pufferfish (Takifugu obscurus) fillets was written by Zheng, Hui;Tang, Haibing;Yang, Chunxiang;Chen, Jingwen;Wang, Li;Dong, Qingfeng;Shi, Wenzheng;Li, Li;Liu, Yuan. And the article was included in Food Chemistry in 2022.Application of 499-75-2 This article mentions the following:

Active packaging is an innovative and effective way to extend the shelf life of food, but few studies have focused on the effect of its active ingredients on food flavor. This study aimed to develop slow-release polylactic acid/polyhydroxyalkanoates (PLA/PHA) active packaging containing oregano essential oil (OEO) and investigate the effect of active composite packaging on the flavor and quality of pufferfish fillets. The plasticizing effect of OEO increased the elongation at break (EAB) of the films from 23.36% to 65.80%. The adsorption of montmorillonite (MMT) reduces the loss of OEO during processing. The amount of active substance (carvacrol) released from PLA/PHA/OEO/MMT film to pufferfish was 9.70 mg/kg. The pufferfish fillets packed in PLA/PHA/OEO/MMT film showed the slightest difference on the 8th day from the beginning of storage. The slow-release composite films could extend the shelf life of pufferfish fillets by 2-3 days at 4°C ± 1°C. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2Application of 499-75-2).

5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Application of 499-75-2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Small charged rings. X. Expansion of the aziridinium ring by reaction with nitrones was written by Leonard, Nelson J.;Durand, David A.;Uchimaru, Fumihiko. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 1967.Computed Properties of C6H15NO This article mentions the following:

1,1,2,2-Tetramethylaziridinium perchlorate treated with substituted 1-pyrroline 1-oxides gave 1:1 adducts (I) containing the 2-oxa-1-aza-5-azoniabicyclo[4.3.0]nonane ring system. The ring expansion thus effected is representative of a new type, in which a 3-membered charged ring combines with a 1,3-dipolar moiety to form a 6-membered charged ring. The structures of the adducts were established by catalytic hydrogenolytic cleavage of the 5,6 bond, followed by reductive cleavage of the 1,2 bond with Zn and HOAc, with attendant spectroscopic and chem. identification of the sequential degradation products. Similar adducts (II) were obtained from 1-benzyl-1-ethyl-1-azoniaspiro[2.5]octane perchlorate (III) and substituted 1-pyrroline 1-oxides. In this case, cleavage of the 5,6 bond in the adduct was effected with LiAlH4 and cleavage of the 1,2 bond, with Zn and HOAc to complete the establishment of structure. 27 references. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(Dimethylamino)-2-methylpropan-2-ol (cas: 14123-48-9Computed Properties of C6H15NO).

1-(Dimethylamino)-2-methylpropan-2-ol (cas: 14123-48-9) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Computed Properties of C6H15NO

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Synthesis of new perhydroindole derivatives and their evaluation in ruthenium-catalyzed hydrogen transfer reduction was written by Liegault, Benoit;Tang, Xiaoping;Bruneau, Christian;Renaud, Jean-Luc. And the article was included in European Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2008.Product Details of 171032-87-4 This article mentions the following:

A series of perhydroindole derivatives were synthesized with good yields starting from (S,S,S)-perhydroindolic acid. They were evaluated as chiral ligands in the Ru^II-catalyzed hydride transfer reduction of acetophenone. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 171032-87-4Product Details of 171032-87-4).

(S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 171032-87-4) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Product Details of 171032-87-4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

The selective estrogen receptor modulator raloxifene mitigates the effect of all-trans-retinal toxicity in photoreceptor degeneration was written by Getter, Tamar;Suh, Susie;Hoang, Thanh;Handa, James T.;Dong, Zhiqian;Ma, Xiuli;Chen, Yuanyuan;Blackshaw, Seth;Palczewski, Krzysztof. And the article was included in Journal of Biological Chemistry in 2019.SDS of cas: 128607-22-7 This article mentions the following:

The retinoid cycle is a metabolic process in the vertebrate retina that continuously regenerates 11-cis-retinal (11-cisRAL) from the all-trans-retinal (atRAL) isomer. AtRAL accumulation can cause photoreceptor degeneration and irreversible visual dysfunction associated with incurable blinding retinal diseases such as stargardt disease, retinitis pigmentosa (RP), and atrophic age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The underlying cellular mechanisms leading to retinal degeneration remain uncertain, although previous studies have shown that atRAL promotes calcium influx associated with cell apoptosis. To identify compounds that mitigate the effects of atRAL toxicity, here we developed an unbiased and robust image-based assay that can detect changes in intracellular calcium levels in U2OS cells. Using our assay in a high-throughput screen of 2400 compounds, we noted that selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) potentpotently stabilize intracellular calcium and thereby counteract atRAL-induced toxicity. In a light-induced retinal degeneration mouse model (Abca4^–/^–Rdh8^–/^–), raloxifene (a benzothiophene-type scaffold SERM) prevented the onset of photoreceptor apoptosis and thus protected the retina from degeneration. The minor structural differences between raloxifene and one of its derivatives (Y 134) had a major impact on calcium homeostasis after atRAL exposure in vitro, and we verified this differential impact in vivo. In summary, the SERM raloxifene has structural and functional neuroprotective effects in the retina. We propose that the highly sensitive image-based assay developed here could be applied for the discovery of addnl. drug candidates preventing photoreceptor degeneration. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7SDS of cas: 128607-22-7).

(Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.SDS of cas: 128607-22-7

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts