Month: January 2023

Effects of eri silkworm (Samia ricini) pupae inclusion in broiler diets on growth performances, health, carcass characteristics and meat quality was written by Kongsup, Penpicha;Lertjirakul, Somporn;Chotimanothum, Banthari;Chundang, Pipatpong;Kovitvadhi, Attawit. And the article was included in Animal Bioscience in 2022.Synthetic Route of C18H32CaN2O10 This article mentions the following:

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the appropriate amount of eri silkworm pupae meal (Samia ricini) to add to the broiler diet. Two hundred 1-day-old male chicks with initial weight at 50.03 ± 0.56 g/chick were divided into four groups (five replicates per group and ten chicks per replicate): a control group fed a corn-soybean diet and exptl. groups supplemented with 5%, 10%, or 15% eri silkworm pupae meal. All exptl. diets were isocaloric and isonitrogenous and formulated respecting nutrient requirements. Growth performances were collected during the exptl. period and other parameters were collected at the end of experiment when broilers reached thirty-eight days old. A higher cold carcass weight and skin yellowness in the broilers fed 10% eri silk-worm pupae meal compared with the other groups (p<0.05). Therefore, supplementation with 10% eri silkworm pupae meal is suggested for the broiler diet formulation because it did not cause any serious neg. consequences on growth performance, health status, carcass characteristics and meat quality. However, the usage of eri silkworm pupae meal at 15% is not recommend because it led to neg. outcomes Conclusion: The addition of eri silkworm pupae at 10% can be used as an alternative protein sources for broiler chickens which provided benefits on cold carcass weight and skin yellowness without adverse effects. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6Synthetic Route of C18H32CaN2O10).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Synthetic Route of C18H32CaN2O10

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Naked micelles: well-defined polymer nanoparticles from photo-cleavable block copolymer micelles was written by Quintieri, Giada;Groeschel, Andre H.. And the article was included in Polymer Chemistry in 2021.Reference of 60463-12-9 This article mentions the following:

Ultra-small nanoparticles (NPs) with accessible surface functionalities in the range of 3-50 nm are of great interest due to their defined size and surface properties, which could bridge the gap between natural and synthetic materials. Although NPs available in nature present more sophisticated functions as compared to synthetic materials, the physicochem. and colloidal behavior is primarily dominated by geometry and surface charge; synthetic counterparts could mimic aggregation and interaction behavior based on similar size, shape and surface structure. Inorganic ultra-small NPs exist in a large variety; however polymeric counterparts present major problems when trying to produce them in a controlled manner in the sub-50 nm range. Here, we present the synthesis and self-assembly of a photolabile diblock copolymers into spheres, worms and vesicles followed by photocleaving of the corona leaving the core unaltered, which is then surrounded by neg. charge. The polymer features a water-soluble polyethylene oxide (PEO) corona block and a hydrophobic polystyrene (PS) core block. The two blocks are covalently linked by an o-nitrobenzyl moiety (ONB), which upon exposure to UV light (λ = 365 nm) opens up, leaving a carboxylic acid functionality on the PS core for electrostatic stabilization. The neg. charged core then interacts with cationic species, e.g., cationic gold NPs (AuNPs), which will decorate the PS surface. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9Reference of 60463-12-9).

3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Reference of 60463-12-9

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

The effect of the high-fat diet supplemented with various forms of chromium on rats body composition, liver metabolism and organ histology Cr in liver metabolism and histology of selected organs was written by Ognik, Katarzyna;Dworzanski, Wojciech;Sembratowicz, Iwona;Fotschki, Bartosz;Cholewinska, Ewelina;Listos, Piotr;Juskiewicz, Jerzy. And the article was included in Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology in 2021.SDS of cas: 137-08-6 This article mentions the following:

In the present study, we hypothesized that feeding rats a high-fat diet neg. affects liver metabolism and function and disturbs the histol. of some internal organs. We also postulated that there is a form of chromium whose administration alleviates the neg. effects of a high-fat diet in rats. To verify the hypotheses, we tested the effect of various forms of chrome (picolinate – Cr-Pic, Chromium(III)-methionine complex – Cr-Met, and chrome nanoparticles – Cr-NPs) applied in the recommended amount of 0.3 mg/kg of BW on growth parameters, body fat, liver metabolism and functional disorders, and histol. parameters of selected internal organs in rats fed a standard (S) or high-fat diet (F). The experiment was conducted on 56 male outbred Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus. Cmdb:WI) randomly divided into eight exptl. groups. For eight weeks the rats received a standard or high-fat diet, without Cr or with Cr at 0.3 mg/kg diet in the form of Cr-Pic, Cr-Met or Cr-NPs. The use of a F diet disrupted the lipid-carbohydrate profile, worsened liver metabolism and function, reduced the expression of hepatic PPAR-α and leaded to neg. changes in the histol. image of internal organs – liver, kidneys and pancreas. The 8-wk use of an chromium supplement in a F diet, regardless of the form used, did not improve the ratio of fat tissue to lean tissue, worsened liver function and neg. affected on the histol. image of the liver, kidneys and pancreas. However, the most neg. changes in lipid-carbohydrate metabolism and liver functioning were observed with CrNPs supplementation. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6SDS of cas: 137-08-6).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.SDS of cas: 137-08-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Design and Synthesis of Fluorophore-Tagged Disparlure Enantiomers to Study Pheromone Enantiomer Discrimination in the Pheromone-Binding Proteins from the Gypsy Moth, Lymantria dispar was written by Pinnelli, Govardhana R.;Plettner, Erika. And the article was included in Journal of Chemical Ecology in 2022.Related Products of 111-46-6 This article mentions the following:

Fluorescent analogs of the gypsy moth sex pheromone (+)-disparlure and its enantiomer (-)-disparlure were designed, synthesized, and characterized. The fluorescently labeled analogs 6-FAM (+)-disparlure I and 6-FAM (-)-disparlure II were prepared by copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition of disparlure alkyne and 6-FAM azide. These fluorescent disparlure analogs I and II were used to measure disparlure binding to two pheromone-binding proteins from the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar Pheromone-Binding Protein 1 (LdisPBP1) and LdisPBP2. The fluorescence binding assay showed that LdisPBP1 has a stronger affinity for 6-FAM (-)-disparlure II, whereas LdisPBP2 has a stronger affinity for 6-FAM (+)-disparlure I, consistent with findings from previous studies with disparlure enantiomers. The 6-FAM disparlure enantiomers appeared to be much stronger ligands for LdisPBPs, with binding constants (K_d) in the nanomolar range, compared to the fluorescent reporter 1-NPN (which had K_d values in the micromolar range). Fluorescence competitive binding assays were used to determine the displacement constant (K_i) for the disparlure enantiomers in competition with fluorescent disparlure analogs binding to LdisPBP1 and LdisPBP2. The K_i data show that disparlure enantiomers can effectively displace the fluorescent disparlure from the binding pocket of LdisPBPs and, therefore, occupy the same binding site. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6Related Products of 111-46-6).

2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Related Products of 111-46-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Comprehensive Chirality Sensing: Development of Stereodynamic Probes with a Dual (Chir)optical Response was written by Bentley, Keith W.;Wolf, Christian. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2014.Quality Control of (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol This article mentions the following:

The attachment of a salicylaldehyde ring and a cofacial aryl or heteroaryl N-oxide chromophore onto a naphthalene scaffold affords stereodynamic probes designed to rapidly bind amines, amino alcs., or amino acids and to translate this binding event via substrate-to-receptor chirality amplification into a dual (chir)optical response. 1-(3′-Formyl-4′-hydroxyphenyl)-8-(9′-anthryl)naphthalene (1) was prepared via two consecutive Suzuki cross-coupling reactions, and the three-dimensional structure and racemization kinetics were studied by crystallog. and dynamic HPLC. This probe proved successful for chirality sensing of several compounds, but in situ IR monitoring of the condensation reaction between the salicylaldehyde moiety in 1 and phenylglycinol showed that the imine formation takes 2 h. Optimization of the substrate binding rate and the CD and fluorescence readouts led to the replacement of anthracene with smaller fluorophores capable of intramol. hydrogen bonding. 1-(3′-Formyl-4′-methoxyphenyl)-8-(4′-isoquinolyl)naphthalene N-oxide (2) and its pyridyl analog 3 combine fast substrate binding with distinctive chiral amplification. This asym. transformation of the 1st kind prompts CD and fluorescence responses that can be used for in situ determination of the absolute configuration, ee, and total concentration of many compounds The general utility of the three chemosensors was successfully tested on 18 substrates. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3Quality Control of (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol).

(R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Quality Control of (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Hydrogenation and Reductive Amination of Aldehydes using Triphos Ruthenium Catalysts was written by Christie, Francesca;Zanotti-Gerosa, Antonio;Grainger, Damian. And the article was included in ChemCatChem in 2018.HPLC of Formula: 1777-82-8 This article mentions the following:

An air-stable and readily accessible ruthenium dihydride complex catalyzes aldehyde hydrogenation under neutral conditions. A high activity has been shown in a number of examples, and solvent-free conditions are also applicable, which favors industrial-scale applications. The catalyst has also been demonstrated to be active at low catalyst loadings for the reductive amination of aldehydes under mildly acidic conditions. A number of examples of chemoselectivity challenges are also presented in which the catalyst does not reduce carbon-halogen groups, alkene or ketone functionality. The advantage of using the pre-formed complex, Triphos-Ru(CO)H₂ (1), over in situ formed catalysts from Triphos and Ru(acac)₃ (acac=acetylacetonate) is also shown in terms of both chemoselectivity and activity, in particular this can be seen if low reaction temperatures are used. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8HPLC of Formula: 1777-82-8).

(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.HPLC of Formula: 1777-82-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Automated solid sample dissolution coupled with sugaring-out homogenous liquid-liquid extraction. Application for the analysis of throat lozenge samples was written by Shishov, Andrey;Nechaeva, Daria;Moskvin, Leonid;Andruch, Vasil;Bulatov, Andrey. And the article was included in Journal of Molecular Liquids in 2017.Product Details of 1777-82-8 This article mentions the following:

A novel automated procedure for anal. of solid samples based on the online dissolution of solid sample and sugaring-out reagent in water-acetonitrile mixture coupled with sugaring-out homogenous liquid-liquid extraction was developed. The procedure was performed in a mixing chamber of a stepwise injection anal. manifold. The performance of the suggested approach was demonstrated by the determination of 2,4-dichlorobenzyl alc., amylmetacresol, Yellow Orange S, Azo Rubine and Ponceau 4R in pharmaceutical samples. After phase separation, the upper acetonitrile phase containing 2,4-dichlorobenzyl alc., amylmetacresol and lower aqueous phase containing artificial dyes were sequentially analyzed. Under optimal exptl. conditions the linear ranges were found to be 0.1-10 mg L^– 1 for 2,4 dichlorobenzyl alc., 0.5-50 mg L^– 1 for amylmetacresol, and 1-100 mg L^– 1 for artificial dyes. The sample throughput was 10 h^– 1. The proposed method was successfully applied for the automated anal. of com. throat lozenges and the anal. results agreed fairly well with the results obtained by reference HPLC-UV method. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8Product Details of 1777-82-8).

(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Product Details of 1777-82-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Chromatography of pyridine derivatives on a thin unfixed layer of aluminum oxide was written by Grandberg, I. I.;Faizova, G. K.;Kost, A. N.. And the article was included in Zhurnal Analiticheskoi Khimii in 1965.Name: 6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol This article mentions the following:

Thin-layer chromatog. in Al₂O₃ (CA 59, 1616d) is used for the identification and separation of a number of pyridine bases. The relation between the R_f values and the place and the nature of the derivative gives an indication of its identity. The disubstituted pyridines with a high R_f value are the most chromatog. active; tri- or tetrasubstitutes are less active and have a low R_f value. In 25:1 C₆H₆MeOH, the following mixtures can be separated: pyridine-pyridine N-oxide (R_f 0.64 and 0.14, resp.), 3-bromopyridine and 3-hydroxypyridine (0.76, 0.09) 2-chloropyridine and 2-aminopyridine (0.33, 0.38), α,α’-bipyridyl and γ,γ’-bipyridyl (0.72, 0.30). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol (cas: 1122-71-0Name: 6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol).

6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol (cas: 1122-71-0) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Name: 6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Facile Synthesis of Thienoacenes via Transition-Metal-Free Ladderization was written by Feofanov, Mikhail;Akhmetov, Vladimir;Takayama, Ryo;Amsharov, Konstantin Yu. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2021.Quality Control of Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate This article mentions the following:

Herein, a facile transition-metal-free approach to sulfur-containing heteroacenes e.g., dibenzo[b,d]thiophene from fluorinated oligophenylenes e.g., 2,2′-difluoro-1,1′-biphenyl was reported. Unlike most existing methods, the presented approach is not restricted to simple dibenzothiophene derivatives and thus appears to be a useful tool for the synthesis of extended sulfur-containing heteroacenes. The incorporation of sulfur is unambiguously preprogrammed via the positions of fluorines in the precursors, allowing the selective synthesis of extended thienoacenes with up to 96% yield. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate (cas: 29364-29-2Quality Control of Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate).

Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate (cas: 29364-29-2) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Quality Control of Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Synthesis of enantioenriched 2,2-disubstituted pyrrolidines via sequential asymmetric allylic alkylation and ring contraction was written by Goldstein, Elizabeth L.;Takada, Hirokazu;Sumii, Yuji;Baba, Katsuaki;Stoltz, Brian M.. And the article was included in Tetrahedron in 2022.Computed Properties of C3H8O2 This article mentions the following:

The synthesis of a variety of enantioenriched 2,2-disubstituted pyrrolidines I (R = Bn, t-Bu; R¹ = CH₃, CH₂CH₃, CH₂C₆H₅, (CH₂)₂CF₃) is described. A stereogenic quaternary center is first formed utilizing an asym. allylic alkylation reaction of benzyloxy imides II, which can then be reduced to chiral hydroxamic acids III. This compound can then undergo a thermal ‘Spino’ ring contraction to afford carbamate protected 2,2-disubstituted pyrrolidines I stereospecifically. These pyrrolidines I can be further advanced to enantioenriched indolizidine compds like (8aS)-6-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-8a-methyl-1,2,3,5,8,8a-hexahydroindolizine. This reaction sequence allows access to new mols. that could be useful in the development of pharmaceutical agents. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6Computed Properties of C3H8O2).

1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Computed Properties of C3H8O2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts