Month: January 2023

Functional improvement of (-)-epicatechin gallate and piceatannol through combined binding to β-lactoglobulin: Enhanced effect of heat treatment and nanoencapsulation was written by Ren, Yongfang;Liu, Tingting;Liu, He;Zhu, Yihao;Qi, Xin;Liu, Xiaofan;Zhao, Yanna;Wu, Yushu;Zhang, Ning;Liu, Min. And the article was included in Journal of Functional Foods in 2022.Electric Literature of C14H12O4 This article mentions the following:

Several polyphenol compounds commonly found in plant foods provide health benefits that promote their applications in food and pharmaceutical fields. The co-loading of proteins can improve the biol. activity and synergy of combined polyphenols. Herein, multi-spectroscopic techniques and mol. docking were employed to investigate the interactions of native/heat treated β-lactoglobulin (β-LG/H-β-LG) with (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECG) and/or piceatannol (PIC). Furthermore, the synergistic antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of ECG and PIC were demonstrated. The loading of β-LG/H-β-LG protected the antioxidant activity of ECG and PIC in the delivery systems and enhanced their cytotoxicity, stability, and bioaccessibility. Compared to the corresponding complexes, the nanoparticles of β-LG/H-β-LG had a greater impact on the functional properties and synergistic effects of ECG and PIC. The exptl. results may provide a theor. basis for the practical application of ECG and PIC co-loaded by H-β-LG, particularly H-β-LG nanoparticles in the food and pharmaceutical industries. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6Electric Literature of C14H12O4).

(E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Electric Literature of C14H12O4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Pt(II) Metal Complexes Tailored with a Newly Designed Spiro-Arranged Tetradentate Ligand; Harnessing of Charge-Transfer Phosphorescence and Fabrication of Sky Blue and White OLEDs was written by Liao, Kuan-Yu;Hsu, Che-Wei;Chi, Yun;Hsu, Ming-Kuan;Wu, Szu-Wei;Chang, Chih-Hao;Liu, Shih-Hung;Lee, Gene-Hsiang;Chou, Pi-Tai;Hu, Yue;Robertson, Neil. And the article was included in Inorganic Chemistry in 2015.Recommanded Product: 2-Bromo-6-(2-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)pyridine This article mentions the following:

Tetradentate bis(pyridyl azolate) chelates are assembled by connecting two bidentate 3-trifluoromethyl-5-(2-pyridyl)azoles at the six position of pyridyl fragment with the tailored spiro-arranged fluorene and/or acridine functionalities. These new chelates were then utilized in synthesizing a series of Pt(II) metal complexes [Pt(Ln)], n = 1-5, from resp. chelates L1-L5 and [PtCl₂(DMSO)₂] in 1,2-dimethoxyethane. The single-crystal X-ray structural analyses were executed on 1, 3, and 5 to reveal the generalized structures and packing arrangement in crystal lattices. Their photophys. properties were measured in both solution and solid state and are discussed in the context of computational anal. These L1-L5 coordinated Pt(II) species exhibit intense emission, among which complex 5 shows remarkable solvatochromic phosphorescence due to the dominant intraligand charge transfer transition induced by the new bis(pyridyl azolate) chelates. Moreover, because of the higher-lying HOMO of acridine, complex 5 can be considered as a novel bipolar phosphor. Successful fabrication of blue and white organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) using Pt(II) complexes 3 and 5 as the phosphorescent dopants are reported. In particular, blue OLEDs with 5 demonstrated peak efficiencies of 15.3% (36.3 cd/A, 38.0 lm/W), and CIE values of (0.190, 0.342) in a double-emitting layer structure. Furthermore, a red-emitting Os(II) complex and 5 were used to fabricate warm-white OLEDs to achieve peak external quantum efficiency, luminance efficiency, and power efficiency values as high as 12.7%, 22.5 cd/A, and 22.1 lm/W, resp. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Bromo-6-(2-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)pyridine (cas: 49669-14-9Recommanded Product: 2-Bromo-6-(2-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)pyridine).

2-Bromo-6-(2-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)pyridine (cas: 49669-14-9) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Recommanded Product: 2-Bromo-6-(2-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)pyridine

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Light-Triggered Release of Biomolecules from Diamond Nanowire Electrodes was written by Wang, Qian;Coffinier, Yannick;Li, Musen;Boukherroub, Rabah;Szunerits, Sabine. And the article was included in Langmuir in 2016.Application In Synthesis of 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol This article mentions the following:

The controlled release of biomols. from a substrate surface is a challenging task. Photocleavable linkers appear as attractive candidates for light-triggered delivery. We show here the possibility of creating photoactivable diamond nanowire interfaces, from which mols. can be photochem. released upon irradiation at 365 nm for several minutes. The approach is based on the covalent modification of boron-doped diamond nanowires (BDD NWs) with o-nitrobenzyl containing ligands, to which different biomols. can be attached via amide bond formation. The photodecomposition reaction and the subsequent release of small proteins such as lysozyme or enzymes such as horseradish peroxidase (HRP) are investigated using electrochem. impedance spectroscopy. Using a colorimetric assay, we demonstrate that, while complete cleavage of HRP was achieved upon irradiation for 10 min at 1 W cm^-2, this exposure time resulted in a partial loss of enzymic activity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9Application In Synthesis of 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol).

3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Application In Synthesis of 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Synthesis and biological studies of novel 2-aminoalkyl ethers as potential antiarrhythmic agents for the conversion of atrial fibrillation was written by Plouvier, Bertrand;Beatch, Gregory N.;Jung, Grace L.;Zolotoy, Alexander;Sheng, Tao;Clohs, Lilian;Barrett, Terrance D.;Fedida, David;Wang, Wei Q.;Zhu, Jeff J.;Liu, Yuzhong;Abraham, Shlomo;Lynn, Leah;Dong, Ying;Wall, Richard A.;Walker, Michael J. A.. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2007.Recommanded Product: 2-(Trifluoromethyl)phenethyl alcohol This article mentions the following:

A series of 2-aminoalkyl ethers R¹R²NCHR³CHR⁴O(CH₂)_nCHR⁵R⁶ (I) [n = 1 – 3; R¹ = R² = MeOCH₂CH₂; R¹R²N = 4-morpholinyl, 1-piperazinyl, 3-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl, etc.; R³ = H, R⁴ = n-Bu; R³R⁴ = (CH₂)₃, (CH₂)₄; R⁵ = H, Ph; R⁶ = 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyloxy, 4-BrC₆H₄, 3-benzothienyl, etc.] was prepared as potential antiarrhythmic agents. These compounds are mixed sodium and potassium ion channel blockers and exhibit antiarrhythmic activity in a rat model of ischemia-induced arrhythmias. Structure-activity studies led to the identification of three compounds I [n = 1; R¹R²N = 4-morpholinyl; R³R⁴ = (CH₂)₄; R⁵ = H; R⁶ = 1-naphthyl, 3,4-Cl₂C₆H₃] and I [n = 1; R¹R² = 3-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl; R³R⁴ = (CH₂)₄; R⁵ = H; R⁶ = 1-naphthyl; (II)], which were selected based on their particular in vivo electrophysiol. properties, for studies in two canine atrial fibrillation (AF) models. These three compounds converted AF in both models, but only compound II was shown to be orally bioavailable. Resolution of the racemate II into its corresponding enantiomers and subsequent biol. testing of these enantiomers led to the selection of (1S,2S)-II as a potential atrial selective antiarrhythmic candidate for further development. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(Trifluoromethyl)phenethyl alcohol (cas: 94022-96-5Recommanded Product: 2-(Trifluoromethyl)phenethyl alcohol).

2-(Trifluoromethyl)phenethyl alcohol (cas: 94022-96-5) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Recommanded Product: 2-(Trifluoromethyl)phenethyl alcohol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Update on management of genitourinary syndrome of menopause: A practical guide. was written by Palacios, Santiago;Castelo-Branco, Camil;Currie, Heather;Mijatovic, Velja;Nappi, Rossella E;Simon, James;Rees, Margaret. And the article was included in Maturitas in 2015.Quality Control of (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol This article mentions the following:

The term genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) emerged following a consensus conference held in May 2013. GSM is a more descriptive term than vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) and does not imply pathology. However there are concerns that GSM is all encompassing and includes not only symptoms resulting from estrogen deficiency, but also those arising from the effects of ageing and other processes on the bladder and pelvic floor. Focusing on symptoms related to estrogen deficiency, the update provides a practical guide for health and allied health professionals on the impact of GSM on women and their partners, assessment, management and areas for future research. As GSM is a chronic condition, long term therapy is required. Hormonal, nonhormonal, laser and alternative and complementary therapies are described. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7Quality Control of (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol).

(Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Quality Control of (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Copper-catalyzed/mediated borylation reactions of epoxides with diboron reagents: access to β-hydroxyl boronic esters was written by Ahmed, Ebrahim-Alkhalil M. A.;Lu, Xi;Gong, Tian-Jun;Zhang, Zhen-Qi;Xiao, Bin;Fu, Yao. And the article was included in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) in 2017.Application of 1214264-88-6 This article mentions the following:

The authors report the 1st Cu-catalyzed/mediated borylative ring opening reaction of epoxides. This process represents a direct borylative C(sp³)-O bond cleavage of terminal epoxide substrates with com. available diboron reagents. A wide range of epoxides with different functional groups are involved, and were subsequently converted to the corresponding β-hydroxyl boronic esters smoothly. Also, the ring opening product β-pinacol boronate alc. provided a more beneficial approach for the formation of C-C and C-N bonds. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,8-de][1,3,2]diazaborinine (cas: 1214264-88-6Application of 1214264-88-6).

2-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,8-de][1,3,2]diazaborinine (cas: 1214264-88-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Application of 1214264-88-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Prediction of drugs having opposite effects on disease genes in a directed network was written by Yu, Hasun;Choo, Sungji;Park, Junseok;Jung, Jinmyung;Kang, Yeeok;Lee, Doheon. And the article was included in BMC Systems Biology in 2016.Quality Control of (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol This article mentions the following:

Background: Developing novel uses of approved drugs, called drug repositioning, can reduce costs and times in traditional drug development. Network-based approaches have presented promising results in this field. However, even though various types of interactions such as activation or inhibition exist in drug-target interactions and mol. pathways, most of previous network-based studies disregarded this information. Methods: We developed a novel computational method, Prediction of Drugs having Opposite effects on Disease genes (PDOD), for identifying drugs having opposite effects on altered states of disease genes. PDOD utilized drug-drug target interactions with ‘effect type’, an integrated directed mol. network with ‘effect type’ and ‘effect direction’, and disease genes with regulated states in disease patients. With this information, we proposed a scoring function to discover drugs likely to restore altered states of disease genes using the path from a drug to a disease through the drug-drug target interactions, shortest paths from drug targets to disease genes in mol. pathways, and disease gene-disease associations Results: We collected drug-drug target interactions, mol. pathways, and disease genes with their regulated states in the diseases. PDOD is applied to 898 drugs with known drug-drug target interactions and nine diseases. We compared performance of PDOD for predicting known therapeutic drug-disease associations with the previous methods. PDOD outperformed other previous approaches which do not exploit directional information in mol. network. In addition, we provide a simple web service that researchers can submit genes of interest with their altered states and will obtain drugs seeming to have opposite effects on altered states of input genes. Conclusions: Our results showed that ‘effect type’ and ‘effect direction’ information in the network based approaches can be utilized to identify drugs having opposite effects on diseases. Our study can offer a novel insight into the field of network-based drug repositioning. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7Quality Control of (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol).

(Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Quality Control of (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Multifunctional isoquinoline-oxazoline ligands of chemical and biological importance was written by Li, Wei;Wang, Guotong;Lai, Jixing;Li, Shengkun. And the article was included in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) in 2019.Application In Synthesis of (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol This article mentions the following:

Multifunctional isoquinoline-oxazolines (MIQOXs) were conceived and synthesized from com. available chiral amino acids. The multifunctional role of MIQOXs was demonstrated by Pd-catalyzed highly enantioselective addition of arylboronic acids to nitrostyrenes, and by the discovery of novel antifungal candidates. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3Application In Synthesis of (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol).

(R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Application In Synthesis of (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Thermal storage performance of eutectic sugar alcohols applied to buildings and enhancement of crystallization was written by Fan, Chenguang;Yuan, Guofeng;Wang, Yan;Zhang, Yu;Wang, Zhifeng. And the article was included in Solar Energy in 2022.Recommanded Product: 149-32-6 This article mentions the following:

Sugar alcs. are suitable for compact and high-d. building thermal energy storage systems because of the high enthalpy, low price, and non-toxicity. But most sugar alc. materials have severe supercooling characteristic, which limits their application as phase change materials (PCMs) in thermal energy storage systems. In this study, xylitol, sorbitol, erythritol, mannitol and dulcitol were selected as PCMs. Based on the five single sugar alcs., ten multicomponent eutectic sugar alcs. were obtained which melting temperatures is between 60°C and 90°C applied to buildings. The thermal parameters of sugar alcs. were tested by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), the supercooled eutectic sugar alcs. were stimulated by means of mech. agitation to accelerate crystallization The crystallization after excitation was monitored by microscope, and the supercooled crystallization phenomenon of eutectic sugar alcs. was investigated by isothermal phase change tests. The results showed that only three eutectic sugar alcs. could crystallize by stirring, and the melting temperatures of three eutectic sugar alcs. are about 80°C. After multiple repetitive experiments, three eutectic sugar alcs. still have good crystallization characteristics. The results of the research provide a reference value in practical aspects for the design and selection of phase change materials in buildings. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6Recommanded Product: 149-32-6).

(2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Recommanded Product: 149-32-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

An improved synthesis of the saponin, polyphyllin D was written by Li, B.;Yu, B.;Hui, Y.;Li, M.;Han, X.;Fung, K.-P.. And the article was included in Carbohydrate Research in 2001.HPLC of Formula: 10030-85-0 This article mentions the following:

Polyphyllin D, namely diosgenyl α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1,2)-[(α-L-arabinofuranosyl)-(1,4)]-β-D-glucopyranoside, was synthesized from diosgenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside in four steps and in 30% overall yield, taking advantage of regioselective pivaloylation and α-L-rhamnopyranosylation reactions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2R,3R,4S,5S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal hydrate (cas: 10030-85-0HPLC of Formula: 10030-85-0).

(2R,3R,4S,5S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal hydrate (cas: 10030-85-0) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.HPLC of Formula: 10030-85-0

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts