Month: January 2023

Anti-oil-fouling Au/BiOCl coating for visible light-driven photocatalytic inactivation of bacteria was written by Su, Chunping;Cheng, Mengxi;Tian, Fan;Chen, Fengxi;Chen, Rong. And the article was included in Journal of Colloid and Interface Science in 2022.Synthetic Route of C4H10O3 This article mentions the following:

In this work, gold/bismuth oxychloride (Au/BiOCl) nanocomposites with different morphologies were successfully prepared by simple solvothermal method and sodium borohydride reduction method, which exhibited significantly efficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic disinfection for Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus). Particularly, the flower-like Au/BiOCl nanocomposite showed the highest photocatalytic bactericidal performance among the prepared Au/BiOCl samples. The radical trapping experiments revealed that the hole was the main reactive species responsible for the inactivation of S.aureus over Au/BiOCl composite. The enhanced photocatalytic bactericidal effect could be attributed to the enhanced adsorption intensity of visible light that originated from the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect of Au, rapid transfer and space transport of hot electrons caused by the hierarchical structure of BiOCl layered compound Furthermore, the Au/BiOCl coating prepared on stainless steel wire mesh via in-situ synthesis method exhibited excellent superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic performance, which endowed the coating with anti-oil-fouling in water. More importantly, compared with Au/BiOCl powder catalyst, the prepared Au/BiOCl coating with anti-oil-fouling also possessed high photocatalytic bactericidal activity and stable recycling performance. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6Synthetic Route of C4H10O3).

2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Synthetic Route of C4H10O3

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

A One-Pot/Single-Analysis Approach to Substrate Scope Investigations Using Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography (GC×GC) was written by O’Neil, Gregory W.;Nelson, Robert K.;Wright, Alicia M.;Reddy, Christopher M.. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2016.Formula: C8H9ClO This article mentions the following:

A representative substrate scope study for an enantioselective catalytic ketone-reduction was performed as a single reaction on a mixture containing equimolar amounts of nine (9) prototypical compounds The resulting analyte pool containing 18 potential products from nine different reactions could all be completely resolved in a single chromatog. injection using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatog. (GC×GC) with time-of-flight mass spectrometry, allowing for simultaneous determination of percent conversion and enantiomeric excess for each substrate. The results obtained for an enantioselective iron-catalyzed asym. transfer hydrogenation using this 1-pot/single-anal. approach were similar to those reported for the individualized reactions, demonstrating the utility of this strategy for streamlining substrate scope studies. Also, for this particular catalyst, activity and selectivity were not greatly affected by the presence of other ketones or enantioenriched reduced products. This approach allows for faster and greener analyses that are central to new reaction development, as well as an opportunity to gain further insights into other established transformations. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9Formula: C8H9ClO).

(R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Formula: C8H9ClO

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Total synthesis and study of biologically active lignans. 6. Total synthesis of (±)-iso-β-peltatin and its analogs was written by Loriot, Michel;Robin, Jean Pierre;Brown, Eric. And the article was included in Tetrahedron in 1984.Name: Benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-4-ol This article mentions the following:

2-Benzyloxypiperonal (I, R = CH₂Ph), a key intermediate in the synthesis of (±)-iso-β-peltatin (II), was obtained by bromination of 4-hydroxy-1,3-benzodioxole, followed by treatment with excess BuLi, HCONMePh, aq HCl, PhCH₂Cl-K₂CO₃. I (R = Me, CH₂Ph) were transformed into the corresponding β-(2-alkoxy 3,4-methylenedioxybenzyl)-γ-butyrolactones III. α-Hydroxyalkylation of III (R = CH₂Ph) with 3,4,5-(MeO)₃C₆H₂CHO, followed by cyclization and hydrogenolysis afforded II in good yield. Similarly, α-hydroxyalkylation of III (R = Me) with 4,3,5-R¹O(MeO)₂C₆H₂CHO(R¹ = Me, H), followed by cyclization, afforded good yields of (±)-iso-β-peltatin O-Me ether and (±)-iso-α-peltatin O-Me ether, resp. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-4-ol (cas: 69393-72-2Name: Benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-4-ol).

Benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-4-ol (cas: 69393-72-2) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Name: Benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-4-ol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of a Novel Class of γ-Secretase Modulators with PPARγ Activity was written by Hieke, Martina;Ness, Julia;Steri, Ramona;Dittrich, Michaela;Greiner, Christine;Werz, Oliver;Baumann, Karlheinz;Schubert-Zsilavecz, Manfred;Weggen, Sascha;Zettl, Heiko. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2010.Reference of 2968-93-6 This article mentions the following:

We present a novel class of dual modulators of γ-secretase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) based on the structure of 2-(bis(phenethoxy)pyrimidin-2-ylthio)hexanoic acid (I, IC₅₀(Aβ42) = 22.8 μM, EC₅₀(PPARγ) = 8.3 μM). The modulation of both targets with approved drugs (i.e., amyloid-β 42 (Aβ42)-lowering NSAIDs for γ-secretase and glitazones for PPARγ) has demonstrated beneficial effects in in vitro and in vivo models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, although NSAIDs and PPARγ agonists share similar structural features, no druglike compounds with dual activities as γ-secretase modulators (GSMs) and PPARγ agonists have been designed so far. On the basis of our initial lead structure I, we present the structure-activity relationships (SARs) of broad structural variations. A significant improvement was reached by the introduction of p-trifluoromethyl substituents at the Ph residues yielding compound 2-(4,6-bis(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenethoxy)pyrimidin-2-ylthio)hexanoic acid (II, IC₅₀(Aβ42) = 6.0 μM, EC₅₀(PPARγ) = 11.0 μM) and the replacement of the two Ph residues of I by cyclohexyl yielding a compound with IC₅₀(Aβ42) = 5.1 μM and EC₅₀(PPARγ) = 6.6 μM. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethanol (cas: 2968-93-6Reference of 2968-93-6).

2-(4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethanol (cas: 2968-93-6) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Reference of 2968-93-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Morin attenuates dexamethasone-mediated oxidative stress and atrophy in mouse C2C12 skeletal myotubes was written by Ulla, Anayt;Uchida, Takayuki;Miki, Yukari;Sugiura, Kosuke;Higashitani, Atsushi;Kobayashi, Takeshi;Ohno, Ayako;Nakao, Reiko;Hirasaka, Katsuya;Sakakibara, Iori;Nikawa, Takeshi. And the article was included in Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics in 2021.Application In Synthesis of (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol This article mentions the following:

Glucocorticoids are the drugs most commonly used to manage inflammatory diseases. However, they are prone to inducing muscle atrophy by increasing muscle proteolysis and decreasing protein synthesis. Various studies have demonstrated that antioxidants can mitigate glucocorticoid-induced skeletal muscle atrophy. Here, we investigated the effect of a potent antioxidative natural flavonoid, morin, on the muscle atrophy and oxidative stress induced by dexamethasone (Dex) using mouse C2C12 skeletal myotubes. Dex (10μM) enhanced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in C2C12 myotubes via glucocorticoid receptor. Moreover, Dex administration reduced the diameter and expression levels of the myosin heavy chain protein in C2C12 myotubes, together with the upregulation of muscle atrophy-associated ubiquitin ligases, such as muscle atrophy Fbox protein 1/atrogin-1, muscle ring finger protein-1, and casitas B-lineage lymphoma proto-oncogene-b. Dex also significantly decreased phosphorylated Foxo3a and increased total Foxo3a expression. Interestingly, Dexinduced ROS accumulation and Foxo3a expression were inhibited by morin (10μM) pretreatment. Morin also prevented the Dex-induced reduction of myotube thickness, together with muscle protein degradation and suppression of the upregulation of atrophy-associated ubiquitin ligases. In conclusion, our results suggest that morin effectively prevents glucocorticoid-induced muscle atrophy by reducing oxidative stress. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6Application In Synthesis of (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol).

(E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Application In Synthesis of (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Intradermal vaccination via electroosmotic injection from a porous microneedle patch was written by Terui, Hitoshi;Kimura, Natsumi;Segawa, Reiji;Kusama, Shinya;Abe, Hiroya;Terutsuki, Daigo;Yamasaki, Kenshi;Nishizawa, Matsuhiko. And the article was included in Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology in 2022.Name: 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) This article mentions the following:

The feasibility of the electroosmotic flow (EOF)-promoted intradermal vaccination via a porous microneedle (PMN) has been demonstrated by in-vitro and in-vivo experiments with mice. The EOF-promoted directional transport of ovalbumin (OVA) through a neg. charged PMN was quant. evaluated by experiments using a side-by-side Franz cell. The preloading of the OVA solution into a PMN chip and its effective injection into mouse skin pieces were examined by microscope observations. By using mice, the immunol. effect of the PMN-based intradermal vaccination has been proved by ELISA anal. of serum OVA-specific Igs (IgG₁ and IgE). Although the passive diffusion-based release of OVA from PMN was too slow for effective vaccination, the EOF-assisted injection was found to be fast enough to effectively induce production of Igs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6Name: 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol)).

2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Name: 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol)

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Highly efficient and recyclable heterogeneous asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of ketones in water was written by Liu, Pei Nian;Deng, Jin Gen;Tu, Yong Qiang;Wang, Shao Hua. And the article was included in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) in 2004.Related Products of 120121-01-9 This article mentions the following:

A highly efficient heterogeneous asym. transfer hydrogenation of ketones in water, was developed, which exhibited excellent enantioselectivities, distinct acceleration effect, and remarkably high recyclabilities. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9Related Products of 120121-01-9).

(R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Related Products of 120121-01-9

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Anionic Roussin’s Red Esters (RREs) syn-/anti-[Fe(μ-SEt)(NO)₂]₂^–: the Critical Role of Thiolate Ligands in Regulating the Transformation of RREs into Dinitrosyl Iron Complexes and the Anionic RREs was written by Lu, Tsai-Te;Tsou, Chih-Chin;Huang, Hsiao-Wen;Hsu, I.-Jui;Chen, Jin-Ming;Kuo, Ting-Shen;Wang, Yu;Liaw, Wen-Feng. And the article was included in Inorganic Chemistry in 2008.SDS of cas: 29364-29-2 This article mentions the following:

The anionic syn-/anti-[Fe(μ-SEt)(NO)₂]₂^– (2a) were synthesized and characterized by IR, UV-vis, EPR, and X-ray diffraction. The geometry of the [Fe(μ-S)₂Fe] core is rearranged in going from [{Fe(NO)₂}⁹-{Fe(NO)₂}⁹] Roussin’s red ester [Fe(μ-SEt)(NO)₂]₂ (1a) (Fe···Fe distance of 2.7080(5) Å) to the [{Fe(NO)₂}⁹-{Fe(NO)₂}¹⁰] complex 2a (Fe···Fe distance of 2.8413(6) Å) to minimize the degree of Fe···Fe interaction to stabilize complex 2a. On the basis of X-ray absorption (Fe K- and L-edge), EPR and SQUID, complex 2a is best described as the anionic [{Fe(NO)₂}⁹-{Fe(NO)₂}¹⁰] Roussin’s red ester with the fully delocalized mixed-valence core. The complete bridged-thiolate cleavage yielded DNIC [(EtS)₂Fe(NO)₂]^– (3a) in the reaction of 2 equiv of [EtS]^– and complex 1a, whereas reaction of 2 equiv of [^tBuS]^– with [Fe(μ-S^tBu)(NO)₂]₂ (1b) gave DNIC [(^tBuS)₂Fe(NO)₂]^– (3b) and the anionic Roussin’s red ester [Fe(μ-S^tBu)(NO)₂]₂^– (2b) through bridged-thiolate cleavage in combination with reduction In contrast to the inertness of DNIC 3b toward complex 1b, nucleophile DNIC 3a induces the reduction of complex 1a to produce the anionic Roussin’s red ester 2a. Interestingly, dissolution of complex 3a in MeOH at 298 K finally led to the formation of a mixture of complexes 2a and 3a, in contrast to the dynamic equilibrium of complexes 3b and 1b observed in dissolution of complex 3b in MeOH. These results illustrate the aspect of how the steric structures of nucleophiles ([EtS]^– vs. [^tBuS]^– and [(EtS)₂Fe(NO)₂]^– vs. [(^tBuS)₂Fe(NO)₂]^–) function to determine the reaction products. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate (cas: 29364-29-2SDS of cas: 29364-29-2).

Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate (cas: 29364-29-2) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.SDS of cas: 29364-29-2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Inversion of stereochemistry in the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of ketones performed in tap water and in open-vessel was written by Xu, Zhou;Mao, Jincheng;Zhang, Yawen;Guo, Jun;Zhu, Jinlong. And the article was included in Catalysis Communications in 2008.HPLC of Formula: 120121-01-9 This article mentions the following:

The readily available (1R,2S)-1-amino-2-indanol (I) was employed into the [RuCl₂(p-cymene)]₂-catalyzed asym. transfer hydrogenation of prochiral ketones performed in tap water. The reaction was conducted in open vessel at room temperature, providing moderate to good conversions and enantioselectivities. In addition, the relationship between the structure of the chiral ligand and the catalytic efficiency was studied. Surprisingly, N-substitution of I led to the inversion of the configuration of the product under the same conditions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9HPLC of Formula: 120121-01-9).

(R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.HPLC of Formula: 120121-01-9

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

L-menthol and thymol eutectic mixture as a bio-based solvent for the “one-pot” synthesis of well-defined amphiphilic block copolymers by ATRP was written by Pereira, Vanessa A.;Mendonca, Patricia V.;Coelho, Jorge F. J.;Serra, Armenio C.. And the article was included in Polymer in 2022.COA of Formula: C10H20O This article mentions the following:

A bio-based eutectic mixture (EM), composed of L-menthol and thymol was used, for the first time, as solvent for the atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of hydrophobic monomers (Me acrylate (MA), Me methacrylate (MMA), 2-(dimethylamino) Et methacrylate (DMAEMA), glycidyl methacrylate (GMA)) and hydrophilic monomers (2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA), hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and poly(ethylene glycol) Me ether acrylate (OEOA)). Well-defined homopolymers (1.02 < ETH < 1.47) were obtained using only 225 ppm of copper catalyst and a monomer/EM ratio (volume/volume) of 0.75. As a proof-of-concept, this new polymerization system allowed the preparation of well-defined amphiphilic block copolymers (ABs) of PMA-b-PHEA-Br, PMA-b-POEOA-Br and PDAMEMA-b-PHEA-Br by “one-pot” supplemental activator and reducing agent (SARA) ATRP, as well as a PMA-b-PHEA-b-PBA-Br triblock copolymer, after chain extension of a PMA-b-PHEA-Br diblock copolymer. The use of a unique solvent system opens a new route for the easy synthesis of ABs, with conditions that can be applied in large scale production In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5COA of Formula: C10H20O).

(1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.COA of Formula: C10H20O

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts