Month: January 2023

Modulating the Asymmetry of the Active Layer in Pursuit of Nanofiltration Selectivity via Differentiating Interfacial Reactions of Piperazine was written by Gao, Yawei;Zhao, Yangying;Wang, Xiao-mao;Tang, Chuyang;Huang, Xia. And the article was included in Environmental Science & Technology in 2022.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Nanofiltration (NF), highly prospective for drinking water treatment, faces a challenge in simultaneously removing emerging contaminants while maintaining mineral salts, particularly divalent cations. To overcome this challenge, NF membranes possessing small pores concomitant with highly neg. charged surfaces were synthesized via a two-step fabrication strategy. The key is to generate a polyamide active layer having a loose and carboxyl group-abundant segment on top and a dense barrier segment underneath. This was achieved by restrained interfacial polymerization between trimesoyl chloride and partly protonated piperazine to form a highly depth-heterogeneous polyamide network, followed by second amidation in an organic environment to remove untethered polyamide fragments and associate malonyl chlorides with reserved amine groups to introduce more neg. charges. Most importantly, on first-principle engineering the spatial architecture of the polyamide layer, amplifying asym. charge distribution was paired with the thinning of the vertical structure. The optimized membrane exhibits high salt/organic rejection selectivity and water permeance superior to most NF membranes reported previously. The rejections of eight emerging contaminants were in the range of 66.0-94.4%, much higher than the MgCl₂ rejection of 41.1%. This new fabrication strategy, suitable for various diacyl chlorides, along with the new membranes so produced, offers a novel option for NF in potable water systems. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks).

(2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Transition-metal-catalyst-free synthesis of anthranilic acid derivatives by transfer hydrogenative coupling of 2-nitroaryl methanols with alcohols/amines was written by Zhang, Shudi;Tan, Zhenda;Xiong, Biao;Jiang, Huan Feng;Zhang, Min. And the article was included in Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry in 2018.Formula: C8H9NO3 This article mentions the following:

A series of anthranilic acid derivatives I [R¹ = H, 6-Me, 4,5-(OMe)₂, etc.; R² = NH₂, i-OPr, NH(CH₂)₂Ph, etc.] was synthesized by transfer hydrogenative coupling of 2-nitroaryl methanols with alcs./amines. The synthesis proceeded with the merits of no need for a transition metal catalyst, operational simplicity, broad substrate scope, good functional tolerance and high step efficiency, which offers a useful alternative to access anthranilic acid derivatives I and II. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (3-Methyl-2-nitrophenyl)methanol (cas: 80866-76-8Formula: C8H9NO3).

(3-Methyl-2-nitrophenyl)methanol (cas: 80866-76-8) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Formula: C8H9NO3

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Direct Synthesis of Boron-Protected Alkenyl- and Alkylborons via Copper-Catalyzed Formal Hydroboration of Alkynes and Alkenes was written by Yoshida, Hiroto;Takemoto, Yuki;Takaki, Ken. And the article was included in Asian Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2014.Application of 1214264-88-6 This article mentions the following:

Formal hydroboration of internal alkynes proceeds regio- and stereoselectively by the use of a diboron reagent masked with 1,8-diaminonaphthalene (dan) in the presence of readily available [(Ph₃P)₃CuCl], leading to direct formation of diverse B-protected alkenylborons in high yield. The B(dan) moiety can also be efficiently installed into the C-C double bond of alkenes to afford the resp. alkylborons. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,8-de][1,3,2]diazaborinine (cas: 1214264-88-6Application of 1214264-88-6).

2-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,8-de][1,3,2]diazaborinine (cas: 1214264-88-6) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Application of 1214264-88-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Anti-Stokes Stress Sensing: Mechanochemical Activation of Triplet-Triplet Annihilation Photon Upconversion was written by Yildiz, Deniz;Baumann, Christoph;Mikosch, Annabel;Kuehne, Alexander J. C.;Herrmann, Andreas;Goestl, Robert. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2019.Name: ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) This article mentions the following:

The development of methods to detect damage in macromol. materials is of paramount importance to understand their mech. failure and the structure-property relationships of polymers. Mechanofluorophores are useful and sensitive mol. motifs for this purpose. However, to date, tailoring of their optical properties remains challenging and correlating emission intensity to force induced material damage and the resp. events on the mol. level is complicated by intrinsic limitations of fluorescence and its detection techniques. Now, this is tackled by developing the first stress-sensing motif that relies on photon upconversion. By combining the Diels-Alder adduct of a π-extended anthracene with the porphyrin-based triplet sensitizer PtOEP in polymers, triplet-triplet annihilation photon upconversion of green to blue light is mechanochem. activated in solution as well as in the solid state. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1Name: ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate)).

((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Name: ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate)

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Highly regioselective ring-opening of epoxides with amines: a metal- and solvent-free protocol for the synthesis of β-amino alcohols was written by Li, Dong;Wang, Jing;Yu, Shibo;Ye, Silei;Zou, Wenjie;Zhang, Hongbin;Chen, Jingbo. And the article was included in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) in 2020.Application In Synthesis of Trans-2-(benzylamino)cyclohexanol This article mentions the following:

Herein, a metal- and solvent-free acetic acid-mediated ring-opening reaction of epoxides with amines was reported. This process provided β-amino alcs. R¹CH(OH)CH(R²)N(R³R⁴) [R¹ = H, CH₂OH, Ph; R² = H, Ph; R¹R² = (CH₂)₃, (CH₂)₄; R³ = H; R⁴ = Ph, Bn, 4-MeOC₆H₄, etc.; R³R⁴ = (CH₂)₄, (CH₂)₅, (CH₂)₂O(CH₂)₂] in high yields with excellent regioselectivity. Importantly, this epoxide ring-opening protocol was used for the introduction of amines in natural products during late-stage transformations. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Trans-2-(benzylamino)cyclohexanol (cas: 40571-86-6Application In Synthesis of Trans-2-(benzylamino)cyclohexanol).

Trans-2-(benzylamino)cyclohexanol (cas: 40571-86-6) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Application In Synthesis of Trans-2-(benzylamino)cyclohexanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Assessment of Ospemifene or Lubricants on Clinical Signs of VVA was written by Constantine, Ginger;Graham, Shelli;Koltun, William D.;Kingsberg, Sheryl A.. And the article was included in Journal of Sexual Medicine in 2014.Safety of (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol This article mentions the following:

Introduction : Ospemifene is a new oral estrogen receptor agonist/antagonist with tissue-selective effects approved for the treatment of moderate to severe dyspareunia, a symptom of postmenopausal vulvar and vaginal atrophy (VVA). Aim : The aim of the study is to assess ospemifene or lubricant use on the clin. signs of VVA. Methods : Subjects in three double-blind, placebo-controlled clin. trials were randomized to ospemifene or placebo. In two of the trials, women were provided nonhormonal lubricants for use as needed, and a preplanned evaluation of the frequency of lubricant use was performed. Addnl., a post hoc placebo group anal. for impact of lubricant use or nonuse on physiol. effects of the percentage of superficial and parabasal cells (maturation index) and vaginal pH was conducted. A secondary preplanned end point included visual examination of the vagina (clin. signs of vaginal dryness, petechiae, pallor, friability, and redness of the mucosa) comparing change from baseline to end of treatment for the ospemifene 60-mg/day group and vs. placebo. Main Outcome Measures : The primary end points in the phase 3 clin. trials included the percentage of superficial cells, parabasal cells, vaginal pH, and most bothersome symptoms compared with placebo. Results : There was no significant difference in physiol. effects between placebo lubricant users vs. nonusers in either 12-wk study. Compared with baseline, substantially more subjects receiving ospemifene 60 mg/day than placebo showed complete resolution of clin. signs of VVA after 12 and 52 wk of treatment. Conclusions : Ospemifene substantially improved clin. signs of VVA. Within the placebo group, there was no difference in physiol. effects in lubricant users vs. nonusers. Based on gynecol. evaluation of the vagina, benefits were apparent at 12 wk and sustained for 52 wk in the ospemifene-treated subjects with significant improvement over placebo. In these three clin. trials, in contrast to ospemifene-treated women, placebo subjects who utilized lubricants had no improvement in their underlying vaginal physiol. Constantine G, Graham S, Koltun WD, and Kingsberg SA. Assessment of ospemifene or lubricants on clin. signs of VVA. J Sex Med 2014;11:1033-1041. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7Safety of (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol).

(Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Safety of (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Impact of ospemifene on quality of life and sexual function in young survivors of cervical cancer: a prospective study was written by De Rosa, Nicoletta;Lavitola, Giada;Giampaolino, Pierluigi;Morra, Ilaria;Nappi, Carmine;Bifulco, Giuseppe. And the article was included in BioMed Research International in 2017.COA of Formula: C24H23ClO2 This article mentions the following:

Cervical cancer (CC) treatments impact quality of life (QoL) and sexual function (SF) of survivors. Treatment options to reduce sexual dysfunction are limited. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of ospemifene in CC survivors with clin. signs and symptoms of vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) focusing on their QoL and SF. Fifty-two patients with previous diagnosis of stage I-IIa CC suffering from VVA and treated with ospemifene were enrolled into a single arm prospective study. Patient underwent 6 mo of therapy. At baseline and after 6 mo all subjects performed Vaginal Health Index (VHI). The SF and QoL were measured by The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ) and the Cervical Cancer Module (CXC-24). After treatment a significant improvement of each parameter of VHI has been demonstrated. Global health status and emotional and social functioning scores improved significantly. On the contrary, general symptoms scales did not show significant difference from baseline data. Sexual activity, sexual vaginal functioning, body image, and sexual enjoyment scores increased significantly. Ospemifene seems to be effective in decreasing the VVA symptoms in CC survivors. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7COA of Formula: C24H23ClO2).

(Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.COA of Formula: C24H23ClO2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

One-pot synthesis of chiral alcohols from alkynes by CF₃SO₃H/ruthenium tandem catalysis was written by Liu, Huan;Liu, Sensheng;Zhou, Haifeng;Liu, Qixing;Wang, Chunqin. And the article was included in RSC Advances in 2018.Computed Properties of C8H9FO This article mentions the following:

A practical one-pot synthesis of chiral alcs. from readily available alkynes via tandem catalysis by the combination of CF₃SO₃H and a fluorinated chiral diamine Ru(II) complex in aqueous CF₃CH₂OH was described. Very interestingly, the combination of fluorinated catalysts and solvent exhibited a pos. fluorine effect on the reactivity and enantioselectivity. A range of chiral alcs. with wide functional group tolerance was obtained in high yield and excellent stereoselectivity under simple and mild conditions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 171032-87-4Computed Properties of C8H9FO).

(S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 171032-87-4) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Computed Properties of C8H9FO

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Polymethacrylate monolithic columns for hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography prepared using a secondary surface polymerization was written by Currivan, Sinead;Macak, Jan M.;Jandera, Pavel. And the article was included in Journal of Chromatography A in 2015.Electric Literature of C16H26O7 This article mentions the following:

Zwitterionic methacrylate based polymeric monolithic columns were prepared in two-step polymerizations, with reduced polymerization times. Characteristic properties such as hydrodynamic permeability, porosity, retention factors, and pore size distribution charts were used for column evaluation. A scaffold column was fabricated by polymerization of poly(lauryl methacrylate-co-tetraethyleneglycol dimethacrylate) and was used without further modification as a support for a poly(N,N-dimethyl-N-methacryloxyethyl-N-(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium betaine-co-bisphenol A glycerolate dimethacrylate) 2nd monolith layer with zwitterionic functionality, for HILIC separations An addnl. internal structure was formed by the 2nd monolithic layer. The fabrication procedure was reproducible with relative standard deviation < 5%. Field emission SEM also was used to study column pore morphol., using a novel technique where the polymeric material is imaged directly, without coverage with a conducting film or particles. The polar monolithic columns were used for HILIC separations of phenolic acids, flavones, nucleosides, and bases of nucleic acids, with similar efficiencies but different selectivities for zwitterionic methacrylate monolithic columns recently prepared by single step polymerization In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1Electric Literature of C16H26O7).

((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Electric Literature of C16H26O7

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Chemical composition and protective effect of guava (Psidium guajava L.) leaf extract on piglet intestines was written by Wang, Dingfa;Zhou, Luli;Zhou, Hanlin;Hu, Haichao;Hou, Guanyu. And the article was included in Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture in 2021.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Dietary intervention is an important approach to improve intestinal function of weaned piglets. Phytogenic and herbal products have received increasing attention as in-feed antibiotic alternatives. This study investigated the chem. composition of guava leaf extract (GE) by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatog.-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Meanwhile, we investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with GE on diarrhea in relation to immune responses and intestinal health in weaned piglets challenged by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). In total, 323 characterized compounds, which including 91 phenolic compounds and 232 other compounds were identified. Animal experiment results showed that the supplementation of 50-200 mg kg^-1 of GE in the diet could reduce diarrhea incidence, increase activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and total anti-oxidant capacity in the serum (P < 0.05), decrease the levels of interleukin 1β, interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor α in the serum or jejunum mucosa (P < 0.05), and increase villus height and villus height to crypt depth ratio (P < 0.05) in the jejuna of piglets challenged by oral ETEC compared with neg. control group (NC). Meanwhile, diet supplementation with 50-200 mg kg-1 GE reduced the levels of D-lactate, endothelin-1 and diamine oxidase in the serum, and increased the expression of zonula occludens-1, Claudin-1, Occludin and Na+/H+ exchanger 3 (P < 0.05) in the jejuna mucosa of piglets challenged by ETEC compared with the NC. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks).

(E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts