Month: December 2022

Watts, Norman R. M. published the artcileAnalysis of near-neighbor contacts in bacteriophage T4 wedges and hubless baseplates by using a cleavable chemical cross-linker, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks, the publication is Journal of Virology (1989), 63(6), 2427-36, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Although bacteriophage T4 baseplate morphogenesis has been analyzed in some detail, there is little information available on the spatial arrangement and associations of its 150 subunits. Therefore, anal. of its near-neighbor interactions by using the cleavable chem. cross-linker ethylene glycobis(succinimidylsuccinate) was carried out. The cross-linked complexes that have been identified in the one-sixth arms or wedges and also in baseplatelike structures called rings are described which consist of 6 wedges but lack the central hub, both of which are purified from T4 gene 5^–-infected cells. Thirty different complexes were identified, of which about half contain multimers of a single species and half contain 2 different species. In general, the complexes reflect and support the assembly pathway derived by Y. Kikuchi and J. King (1975 ), but broaden its scope to include such complexes as gp25-gp53, gp25-gp48, and gp48-gp53, which locate the gp48 binding site over the inner edge of the ring but outside the central hub. The data also supports the view that wedges are assembled from the outer edge inward toward the central hub. Wedge-wedge contact in rings was mediated primarily by gp12 and gp9, the absence of which dramatically destabilized the ring ↔ wedge equilibrium in favor of wedges. Although no heterologous complexes containing gp9 were identified, gp12 contacts unique to rings were observed with both gp10 and gp11.

Journal of Virology published new progress about 70539-42-3. 70539-42-3 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class pyrrolidine,Ester,Amide,Inhibitor,Inhibitor, name is Bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) O,O’-ethane-1,2-diyl disuccinate, and the molecular formula is C18H19ClN4, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Badinga, Lokenga published the artcileCovalent coupling of bovine growth hormone to its receptor in bovine liver membranes, Safety of Bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) O,O’-ethane-1,2-diyl disuccinate, the publication is Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology (1987), 52(1-2), 85-9, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The structure of bovine somatotropin receptor was examined following covalent coupling of iodinated recombinant bovine growth hormone ([¹²⁵I]rbGH) to bovine liver membrane receptors using ethylene glycol bis(succinimidyl succinate). Iodinated rbGH was incorporated into a complex of estimated mol. weight (M_r) of 140,000 under reducing conditions. Excess unlabeled rbGH, but not bovine prolactin (bPRL), inhibited completely the incorporation of [¹²⁵I]rbGH into the M_r = 140,000 species. In dairy bulls, the M_r = 140,000 complex was undetectable soon after birth but became predominant at 6 mo of age. No evidence was found to support presence of bPRL receptors in steer liver membranes. Assuming a 1:1 stoichiometry of hormone binding to receptor, it appears that bGH binds to a major receptor subunit of M_r = 119,000 which does not recognize bPRL.

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology published new progress about 70539-42-3. 70539-42-3 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class pyrrolidine,Ester,Amide,Inhibitor,Inhibitor, name is Bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) O,O’-ethane-1,2-diyl disuccinate, and the molecular formula is C18H20N2O12, Safety of Bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) O,O’-ethane-1,2-diyl disuccinate.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Viger, Mathieu L. published the artcileDistinct ON/OFF fluorescence signals from dual-responsive activatable nanoprobes allows detection of inflammation with improved contrast, Safety of 4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-ol, the publication is Biomaterials (2017), 119-131, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Visualization of biochem. changes associated with disease is of great clin. significance, as it should allow earlier, more accurate diagnosis than structural imaging, facilitating timely clin. intervention. Herein, we report combining stimuli-responsive polymers and near-IR fluorescent dyes (emission max: 790 nm) to create robust activatable fluorescent nanoprobes capable of simultaneously detecting acidosis and oxidative stress associated with inflammatory microenvironments. The spectrally-resolved mechanism of fluorescence activation allows removal of unwanted background signal (up to 20-fold reduction) and isolation of a pure activated signal, which enables sensitive and unambiguous localization of inflamed areas; target-to-background ratios reach 22 as early as 3 h post-injection. This new detection platform could have significant clin. impact in early detection of pathologies, individual tailoring of drug therapy, and image-guided tumor resection.

Biomaterials published new progress about 25240-59-9. 25240-59-9 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Boronic acid and ester,Boronic Acids,Boronate Esters, name is 4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-ol, and the molecular formula is C17H14N2O2, Safety of 4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-ol.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Zhou, Fuli published the artcileL-Proline, a resolution agent able to target both enantiomers of mandelic acid: an exciting case of stoichiometry controlled chiral resolution, Synthetic Route of 90-64-2, the publication is Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) (2022), 58(61), 8560-8563, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

We present a thought-provoking development in chiral resolution Using a resolving agent of a given handedness, L-proline, we show that both R- and S-enantiomers of mandelic acid can be resolved from a racemic mixture simply by varying the stoichiometry. We are the first to report this specific feature, achieved by the existence of stoichiometrically diverse cocrystal systems between R- and S-mandelic acid and L-proline.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) published new progress about 90-64-2. 90-64-2 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Carboxylic acid,Benzene,Alcohol,Natural product, name is 2-Hydroxy-2-phenylacetic acid, and the molecular formula is C9H12O, Synthetic Route of 90-64-2.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Tota, Arianna published the artcileN-N Bond Formation Using an Iodonitrene as an Umpolung of Ammonia: Straightforward and Chemoselective Synthesis of Hydrazinium Salts, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks, the publication is Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis (2021), 363(1), 194-199, database is CAplus.

The formation of hydrazinium salts by N-N bond formation has typically involved the use of hazardous and difficult to handle reagents. Here, mild and operationally simple conditions for the synthesis of hydrazinium salts are reported. Electrophilic nitrogen transfer to the nitrogen atom of tertiary amines is achieved using iodosylbenzene as oxidant and ammonium carbamate as the N-source. The resulting process is highly chemoselective and tolerant to other functional groups. A wide scope is reported, including examples with bioactive mols. Insights on the structure of hydrazinium salts were provided by X-ray anal.

Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis published new progress about 622-40-2. 622-40-2 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Morpholine,Alcohol, name is 2-Morpholinoethanol, and the molecular formula is C5H6BNO2, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Harris, Sean M. published the artcileA Data Mining Approach Reveals Chemicals Detected at Higher Levels in Non-Hispanic Black Women Target Preterm Birth Genes and Pathways, HPLC of Formula: 80-09-1, the publication is Reproductive Sciences (2022), 29(7), 2001-2012, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Preterm birth occurs disproportionately in the USA non-Hispanic Black population. Black women also face disproportionate exposure to certain environmental chems. The goal of this study was to use publicly available toxicogenomic data to identify chem. exposures that may contribute to preterm birth disparities. We tested 19 chems. observed at higher levels in the blood or urine of non-Hispanic Black women compared to non-Hispanic White women. We obtained chem.-gene interactions from the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database and a list of genes involved in preterm birth from the Preterm Birth Database. We tested chems. for enrichment with preterm birth genes using chi-squared tests. We then conducted pathway enrichment anal. for the preterm birth genes using DAVID software and identified chem. impacts on genes involved in these pathways. Genes annotated to all 19 chems. were enriched with preterm birth genes (FDR-adjusted p value < 0.05). Preterm birth enriched chems. that were detected at the highest levels in non-Hispanic Black women included Me mercury, methylparaben, propylparaben, di-Et phthalate, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, and bisphenol S. The preterm birth genes were enriched for pathways including “inflammatory response” (FDR-adjusted p value = 3 x 10-19), “aging” (FDR-adjusted p value = 4 x 10-8) and “response to estradiol” (FDR-adjusted p value = 2 x 10-4). Chems. enriched with preterm birth genes impacted genes in all three pathways. This study adds to the body of knowledge suggesting that exposures to environmental chems. contribute to racial disparities in preterm birth and that multiple chems. drive these effects. These chems. affect genes involved in biol. processes relevant to preterm birth such as inflammation, aging, and estradiol pathways.

Reproductive Sciences published new progress about 80-09-1. 80-09-1 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Ploymers, name is 4,4′-Sulfonyldiphenol, and the molecular formula is C12H10O4S, HPLC of Formula: 80-09-1.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

de Sa Mendes, Nathania published the artcileCapsicum pubescens as a functional ingredient: Microencapsulation and phenolic profilling by UPLC-MS^E, Recommanded Product: 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid, the publication is Food Research International (2020), 109292, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The aim of the present investigation is to study the effect of inlet temperatures on the physicochem. properties of spray-dried jamun juice powder. The inlet temperatures varied from 140 to 160°C, whereas other parameters like outlet temperature (80°C), maltodextrin concentration (25%) and feed flow rate (10 mL/min) were kept constant Moisture content, water activity, bulk d., solubility, hygroscopicity, color, powder morphol., particle size and glass transition temperatures were analyzed for the powder samples. Higher inlet temperature increased the moisture content of the powder, and led to the formation of larger particles. Powder samples showed water activity values below 0.3, which is good for powder stability. The color of the jamun juice powder was mainly affected by inlet temperature, leading to the formation of powders that were significantly brighter and less purple as the inlet temperature increased. Glass transition temperature ranged from 55.85 to 71.78°C. Powders produced at lower inlet temperatures showed smoother particle surfaces, whereas higher inlet temperature showed spherical particles with some shrinkage as analyzed by scanning electron microscope.

Food Research International published new progress about 621-37-4. 621-37-4 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Carboxylic acid,Benzene,Phenol,Natural product, name is 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid, and the molecular formula is C8H8O3, Recommanded Product: 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Tkalec, Ziga published the artcileLC-HRMS based method for suspect/non-targeted screening for biomarkers of chemical exposure in human urine, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks, the publication is Chemosphere (2022), 134550, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Every day we are exposed to a cocktail of anthropogenic compounds many of which are biol. active and capable of inducing neg. effects. The simplest way to monitor contaminants in a population is via human biomonitoring (HBM), however conventional targeted approaches require foreknowledge of chems. of concern, often have compound specific extractions and provide information only for those compounds This study developed an extraction process for human biomarkers of interest (BoE) in urine that is less compound specific. Combining this with an ultra-high resolution mass spectrometer capable of operating in full scan, and a suspect and non-targeted anal. (SS/NTA) approach, this method provides a more holistic characterization of human exposure. Sample preparation development was based on enzymically hydrolyzed urine spiked with 34 native standards and extracted by solid-phase extraction (SPE). HRMS data was processed by MzMine2 and 80% of standards were identified in the final data matrix using typical NTA data processing procedures.

Chemosphere published new progress about 80-09-1. 80-09-1 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Ploymers, name is 4,4′-Sulfonyldiphenol, and the molecular formula is C11H10N4, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Pozo, Iago published the artcileToward 2-Thiophyne: Ketocarbene versus Hetaryne Intermediates from 2-(Trimethylsilyl)thiophen-3-yl Triflate, Synthetic Route of 17236-59-8, the publication is Organic Letters (2021), 23(19), 7376-7380, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The reaction of 2-(trimethylsilyl)thiophen-3-yl triflate with CsF in the presence of 2,3,4,5-tetraphenylcyclopentadienone affords 4,5,6,7-tetraphenylbenzo[b]thiophene, as it would be expected from the hypothesized generation and trapping of 2-thiophyne. However, a detailed exptl. and computational study discards the intermediacy of this elusive 5-membered hetaryne. Instead, a complex mechanism involving the generation of an intermediate ketocarbene, which adds to the cyclopentadienone to give an isolable tricyclic intermediate, followed by thermal rearrangements, is proposed.

Organic Letters published new progress about 17236-59-8. 17236-59-8 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Thiophene,Alcohol, name is Thiophen-3-ol, and the molecular formula is C4H4OS, Synthetic Route of 17236-59-8.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Rietjens, Ivonne M. C. M. published the artcileDifferent metabolic pathways of 2,5-difluoronitrobenzene and 2,5-difluoroaminobenzene compared to molecular orbital substrate characteristics, SDS of cas: 120103-18-6, the publication is Chemico-Biological Interactions (1995), 94(1), 49-72, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The in vivo metabolite patterns of 2,5-difluoroaminobenzene and of its nitrobenzene analog, 2,5-difluoronitrobenzene, were determined using ¹⁹F NMR anal. of urine samples. Results obtained demonstrate significant differences between the biotransformation patterns of these two analogs. For the aminobenzene, cytochrome P 450 catalyzed aromatic hydroxylation presents the main metabolic pathway. 2,5-Difluoronitrobenzene was predominantly metabolized through glutathione conjugation leading to excretion of 5-fluoro-2-(N-acetylcysteinyl)-nitrobenzene and fluoride anions, and, to a minor extent, through cytochrome P 450 catalyzed hydroxylation and nitro reduction Pretreatment of the rats with various inducers of cytochrome P 450 enzymes, known also to influence glutathione S-transferase enzyme patterns, followed by exposure to the 2,5-difluoroamino- or 2,5-difluoronitrobenzene, generally resulted in metabolite patterns that varied only to a small (≤12%) extent. Based on these results it was concluded that the biotransformation enzyme pattern is not the predominant factor in determining the metabolic route of these two model compounds Addnl. in vitro microsomal and cytosolic incubations with 2,5-difluoroaminobenzene and 2,5-difluoronitrobenzene qual. confirmed the in vivo results. NADPH/oxygen supported microsomal cytochrome P 450 catalyzed hydroxylation was observed only for 2,5-difluoroaminobenzene whereas cytosolic GSH conjugation occurred only in incubations with 2,5-difluoronitrobenzene as the substrate. Outcomes from MO calculations provided a working hypothesis that can explain the difference in metabolic pathways of the nitro- and aminobenzene derivative on the basis of their chem. characteristics. This hypothesis states that the chances for a nitro- or aminobenzene derivative to enter either a cytochrome P 450 or a glutathione conjugation pathway are determined by the relative energy levels of the frontier orbitals of the compounds The aminobenzene derivative has relatively high energy MOs leading to an efficient reaction of its HOMO (HOMO) with the singly occupied MO of the cytochrome P 450 (FeO)³⁺ intermediate, but a low reactivity of its LUMO with the HOMO of glutathione. The nitrobenzene, on the other hand, has MOs of relatively low energy, explaining the efficient interaction, and, thus, reaction between its LUMO and the HOMO electrons of glutathione, but resulting in low reactivity with the SOMO electron of the cytochrome P 450 (FeO)³⁺ reaction intermediate.

Chemico-Biological Interactions published new progress about 120103-18-6. 120103-18-6 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Fluoride,Nitro Compound,Benzene,Phenol, name is 2,5-Difluoro-4-nitrophenol, and the molecular formula is C6H3F2NO3, SDS of cas: 120103-18-6.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts