Month: December 2022

Bardestani, Raoof published the artcileThe investigation of stoichiometry and kinetics of cerium (IV) solvent extraction from sulfate medium by Cyanex 272 and 301 using single drop column, Recommanded Product: n-Octanol, the main research area is cerium solvent extraction sulfate medium stoichiometry kinetics Cyanex.

In the present study, the solvent extraction of cerium (IV) from sulfate medium was investigated by Cyanex 272 and 301. The main objective was to increase our understanding of the behavior of analogous extractants, but different in donor atom, which were achieved by batch and kinetics investigations. This allows better selection of extractants for similar approaches in future works. The investigation of extraction kinetics using single drop columns provides this work with a simpler approach in term of overall procedure for the separation of cerium ions from aqueous solutions, which allows finding how exptl. conditions control the rate of reaction. The effects of parameters such as pH, extractant concentration, organic to aqueous volume, and temperature were studied under batch conditions. The complete extraction of 200 mg L-1 Ce (IV) at pH of 4 was obtained either by Cyanex 272 or 301 diluted in kerosene. Results shows that regarding the structural substitution of oxygen with sulfur, Cyanex 272 has a better performance in a lower concentration, while Cyanex 301 shows higher extraction percentage at lower pH. The extraction by Cyanex 272 and 301 was exothermic and endothermic, resp. Results of reaction kinetics revealed that by considering the correction of droplets residence time, the rate of extraction either by Cyanex 272 or 301 is independent of the height of the column. Thus, the effects of extractants and cerium concentrations along with the pH of aqueous solution allowed finding the rate of extraction The cerium mass flux increased by droplet diameter, indicating the contribution of mass diffusion in the extraction

Chemical Engineering Research and Design published new progress about Kerosene Role: NUU (Other Use, Unclassified), USES (Uses). 111-87-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is n-Octanol, and the molecular formula is C8H18O, Recommanded Product: n-Octanol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Feliciano, Patricia R. published the artcileStructural and Biochemical Investigations of the [4Fe-4S] Cluster-Containing Fumarate Hydratase from Leishmania major, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is cluster 4Fe4S containing fumarate hydratase Leishmania crystal structure.

Class I fumarate hydratases (FHs) are central metabolic enzymes that use a [4Fe-4S] cluster to catalyze the reversible conversion of fumarate to S-malate. The parasite Leishmania major, which is responsible for leishmaniasis, expresses two class I FH isoforms: mitochondrial LmFH-1 and cytosolic LmFH-2. In this study, we present kinetic characterizations of both LmFH isoforms, present thirteen crystal structures of LmFH-2 variants, and employ site-directed mutagenesis to investigate the enzyme’s mechanism. Our kinetic data confirm that both LmFH-1 and LmFH-2 are susceptible to oxygen-dependent inhibition, with data from crystallog. and ESR spectroscopy showing that oxygen exposure converts an active [4Fe-4S] cluster to an inactive [3Fe-4S] cluster. Our anaerobically-conducted kinetic studies reveal a preference for fumarate over S-malate. Our data further reveal that single alanine substitutions of T467, R421, R471, D135, and H334 decrease kcat 9-fold to 16,000-fold without substantially affecting Km, suggesting that these residues function in catalytic roles. Crystal structures of LmFH-2 variants are consistent with this idea, showing similar bidentate binding to the unique iron of the [4Fe-4S] cluster for substrate S-malate as observed in wild type FH. We further present LmFH-2 structures with substrate fumarate and weak inhibitors succinate and malonate bound in the active site, and the first structure of an LmFH that is substrate-free and inhibitor-free, the latter showing increased mobility of the C-terminal domain. Collectively, these data provide insight into the mol. basis for the reaction catalyzed by LmFHs, enzymes that are potential drug targets against leishmaniasis.

Biochemistry published new progress about Crystal structure. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Mazur, Marcelina published the artcile4′-Methoxyphenacyl-Assisted Synthesis of β-Kdo Glycosides, COA of Formula: C13H19NO3, the main research area is Kdo glycoside stereoselective synthesis anomeric methoxyphenacyl auxiliary group thioglycoside.

3-Deoxy-β-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (β-Kdo) glycosides are mainly found in capsular polysaccharides and extracellular exopolysaccharides from Gram-neg. bacteria. These compounds have profound biol. implications in immune response and act as virulence factors. We have developed a novel methodol. for the stereoselective synthesis of β-Kdo glycosides via the use of a 4′-methoxyphenacyl (Phen) auxiliary group at the C1 position of a peracetylated β-Kdo thioglycoside. Under the promotion of NIS/AgOTf in acetonitrile, a series of Kdo glycosides was synthesized in good yield and β-selectivity while minimizing the formation of undesirable glycals. Stereoselectivity of the glycosylation was shown to be modulated by various factors such as promotor, solvent, anomeric ratio of donor, nature of acceptor, and Phen substitution. Chemoselective cleavage of the Phen group was performed under the action of Zn/HOAc. DFT calculations together with exptl. results suggested that α-triflate and a six-membered α-spiroPhen are plausible intermediates of the reaction, accounting for the enhanced formation of β-Kdo glycosides. The developed methodol. could be applied to the synthesis of β-Kdo-containing glycans from pathogenic bacteria.

Journal of Organic Chemistry published new progress about Exopolysaccharides Role: NPO (Natural Product Occurrence), BIOL (Biological Study), OCCU (Occurrence) (extracellular). 87905-98-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is Benzyl (5-hydroxypentyl)carbamate, and the molecular formula is C13H19NO3, COA of Formula: C13H19NO3.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Miyamoto, Sachiko published the artcileCase of de novo splice site variant in SLC35A2 showing developmental delays, spastic paraplegia, and delayed myelination, Synthetic Route of 59-23-4, the main research area is SLC35A2 spastic paraplegia delayed myelination congenital disorder glycosylation; SLC35A2 ; congenital disorders of glycosylation; delayed myelination; spastic paraplegia; splice site variant.

Background : Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDGs) are genetic diseases caused by pathogenic variants of genes involved in protein or lipid glycosylation. De novo variants in the SLC35A2 gene, which encodes a UDP-galactose transporter, are responsible for CDGs with an X-linked dominant manner. Common symptoms related to SLC35A2 variants include epilepsy, psychomotor developmental delay, hypotonia, abnormal facial and skeletal features, and various magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. Methods : Whole-exome sequencing was performed on the patient′s DNA, and candidate variants were confirmed by Sanger sequencing cDNA anal. was performed to assess the effect of the splice site variant using peripheral leukocytes. The X-chromosome inactivation pattern was studied using the human androgen receptor assay. Results : We identified a de novo splice site variant in SLC35A2 (NM_005660.2: c.274+1G>A) in a female patient who showed severe developmental delay, spastic paraplegia, mild cerebral atrophy, and delayed myelination on MRI, but no seizures. The variant led to an aberrant splicing resulting in an in-frame 33-bp insertion, which caused an 11-amino acid insertion in the presumptive cytoplasmic loop. X-inactivation pattern was random. Partial loss of galactose and sialic acid of the N-linked glycans of serum transferrin was observed Conclusion : This case would expand the phenotypic spectrum of SLC35A2-related disorders to delayed myelination with spasticity and no seizures.

Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine published new progress about Brain atrophy. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Synthetic Route of 59-23-4.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Malathi, R. published the artcileStudy on preliminary phytochemicals and GC-MS analysis of Justicia adhatoda leaves extract, Name: 3-Pentanol, the main research area is Justicia leaf root bark alkaloid flavonoid glycoside coumarin tannin.

Several natural products have been implemented as an alternative health care treatment and in discovery of effective modern drugs. A major focus of natural product chem. has been toward drug design and discovery. Justicia adhatoda is a well-known Indian medicinal plant valued for its pharmacopeia. This plant root, bark, leaf and flower are used to heal several diseases and poisonous bites. The present work was to evaluate the phytochems. and GC-MS anal. of J. adhatoda leaves extracts The extracts were subjected to qual. phytochem. screening using standard procedures. The result showed that the phytochems. present in the extract of J.adhatoda are alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, cardiac glycosides, coumarins, hydroxy anthraquinones, tannins, phlobatannins, proteins, xantho protein, steroids and phenols. The GC-MS anal. of acetone extract showed the presence of many secondary metabolites like phytol (0.8%), 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, (Z,Z,Z) (1.6%), butane, 2,2-di-Me (0.21%), pentane, 2,3,3-tri-Me (0.22%), hexathiane (0.08%), and benzenesulfonic acid (0.22%). The diversity of phytochem. present in the plant suggests that J. adhatoda could serve as a source of useful drugs

Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics published new progress about Amino acids Role: PAC (Pharmacological Activity), THU (Therapeutic Use), BIOL (Biological Study), USES (Uses). 584-02-1 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 3-Pentanol, and the molecular formula is C5H12O, Name: 3-Pentanol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Allegrezza, Michael L. published the artcileEfficient coupling by oxygen accelerated photocatalyzed thiol-alkyne chemistry, HPLC of Formula: 7575-23-7, the main research area is coupling oxygen accelerated photocatalyzed thiol alkyne chem.

Thiol reactions have gained attention in many areas of chem. research, such as organic small mol. synthesis, polymer synthesis, and bimol. coupling due to the “”click”” chem. characteristics of this process. This work is a study of a novel method of photochem. thiol-alkyne reactions using alkyl halides and an Ir(ppy)3 photocatalyst. This process is shown to lead to rapid reactions and has the benefit of low catalyst and initiator concentrations relative to reagents. Remarkably, this reaction also has an unusual feature of an increased rate in the presence of oxygen, in contrast to many other types of radical processes. Catalyst and initiator concentrations and reaction conditions are varied in order to gain an understanding of the mechanism of this process. This chem. is then applied to the synthesis of hyperbranched polymers and polymer networks to demonstrate potential applications.

Polymer published new progress about Fluorescence. 7575-23-7 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is Pentaerythritol tetra(3-mercaptopropionate), and the molecular formula is C17H28O8S4, HPLC of Formula: 7575-23-7.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Wagner, Karl G. published the artcileFrom hot stage microscopy to hot melt extrusion – approaches to predict product performance, stability and processability, Formula: C12H24O11, the main research area is drug formulation hot melt extrusion stage microscopy computational model.

There are many drug delivery technologies that may enhance the bioavailability of a poorly water soluble drug. The ranking of the solubilization technologies is a balance between performance (both in vitro and in vivo) and efforts/costs necessary to implement the technol. In order to minimize front loading, i.e. resources expenditure prior to the selection of a front runner technol., an effective and predictive selection process needs to be in place. For hot melt extrusion (HME) this selection process can start with a micro scale performance evaluation on a hot stage microscope (HSM). A batch size of 400 mg can provide sufficient materials to assess drug product attributes like solid state properties, solubility enhancement and phys. stability as well as process related attributes such as processing temperature in a twin screw extruder (TSE). Prototype formulations will then be fed into a 5 mm TSE (apparatus 1-2 g) to confirm performance from the h SM under addnl. shear stress. Small stress stability testing might be performed with these samples or a larger batch (20-40 g) made by the 9 or 12 mm TSE. Simultaneously, numeric process simulations are performed using process data and rheol. and thermal properties of the formulations. Further scale up work to 16 mm and 18 mm TSE confirmed and refined the simulation model. Thus at the end of lab scale development, not only the clin. trial supply is manufactured but also one can form a sound risk assessment to support further scale up even without decades of process experience.

Bulletin Technique Gattefosse published new progress about Dissolution. 64519-82-0 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (3R,4R,5R)-6-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)hexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentaol, and the molecular formula is C12H24O11, Formula: C12H24O11.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Wang, Ye published the artcileEnantioselective Desymmetrization of Bisphenol Derivatives via Ir-Catalyzed Allylic Dearomatization, Recommanded Product: 2,2-Dimethoxyethanamine, the main research area is bisphenol iridium allylic dearomatization catalyst; spirocyclic hexadienone stereoselective preparation.

Spirocyclic hexadienones with multiple stereogenic centers are frequently found in natural products but remain challenging targets to synthesize. Herein, we report the enantioselective desymmetrization of bisphenol derivatives via Ir-catalyzed allylic dearomatization reactions, affording spirocyclic hexadienone derivatives with up to three contiguous stereogenic centers in good yields (up to 90%) and excellent enantioselectivity (up to 99% ee). The high efficiency of this reaction is exemplified by the short reaction time (30 min), low catalyst loading (down to 0.2 mol %), and ability to perform the reaction on a gram-scale. The total syntheses of (+)-tatanan B and (+)-tatanan C were also realized using this Ir-catalyzed allylic dearomatization reaction as a key step.

Journal of the American Chemical Society published new progress about Dearomatization (Allylic). 22483-09-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 2,2-Dimethoxyethanamine, and the molecular formula is C4H11NO2, Recommanded Product: 2,2-Dimethoxyethanamine.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Pan, Mingzhang published the artcileImpact of carbon chain length of alcohols on the physicochemical properties and reactivity of exhaust soot, Synthetic Route of 111-87-5, the main research area is impact carbon chain alc physicochem property reactivity exhaust soot; Different alcohols-diesel fuels; Morphology; Nanostructure; Oxygenated functional groups.

Particle is the main pollutant in diesel engine exhaust, which seriously endangers human health and the atm. environment. The use of alc. fuels in diesel engines can effectively reduce particle emissions, but alc. fuels with different carbon chain lengths will affect the generation process of particles, which in turn changes the physicochem. properties and oxidation characteristics of the particles. Therefore, it is particularly important to study the properties of particle emitted by diesel engines fueling alc. fuels with different carbon chain lengths. The physicochem. properties of soot emitted from com. diesel engines were studied by thermogravimetric analyzer, HRTEM (high-resolution TEM), and XPS (XPS) in this paper, resp. The diesel engine used alc.-diesel blends of different carbon chain lengths with the same oxygen content as fuels, such as methanol/diesel blend (M10), n-butanol/diesel blend (NB25), and n-octanol/diesel blend (NO45), and pure diesel fuel was used as a reference The use of alcs. reduced the fractal dimension (Df) of particles, and the NB25 particles had the smallest Df. Moreover, the particles of blended fuels had smaller primary particle diameter (dp) compared to pure diesel. However, with the use of short-chain to long-chain alcs., an increasing tendency of dp was observed In terms of the nanostructure, as the use of short-chain to long-chain alcs., the La (fringe length) increased, both the d (fringe separation distance) and Tf (fringe tortuosity) reduced, which was not favorable for the oxidation of the particles. In addition, in terms of oxygenated surface functional groups (SFGs), the C=O group occupied a higher proportion in most working conditions relative to the groups of C-O and COO. Further anal. showed that the dp and nanostructure had more influence on the oxidation behavior of soot than Df and oxygenated SFGs.

Science of the Total Environment published new progress about Diesel exhaust gases. 111-87-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is n-Octanol, and the molecular formula is C8H18O, Synthetic Route of 111-87-5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Zhou, Yulu published the artcilePhotocatalytic Sulfonylcarbocyclization of Alkynes Using SEt as a Traceless Directing Group: Access to Cyclopentenes and Indenes, HPLC of Formula: 107-54-0, the main research area is cyclopentene indene preparation regioselective; alkyne sodium sulfinate photocatalytic Sulfonylcarbocyclization; 5-endo-trig cyclization; C−H functionalization; alkyne; photocatalysis; radical.

Herein, a traceless directing group strategy was designed to reverse the regioselectivity of radical addition which enabled an unprecedented photocatalytic sulfonylcarbocyclization of terminal alkynes by forming C-C bond on inert C(sp3)-H bond. It offered a facile access to decorated cyclopentenes and indenes under mild conditions. The resultant products could be converted into a set of valuable mol. scaffolds, including a key intermediate of AM-6226. Mechanistic experiments suggested a radical cascade pathway comprising a Markovnikov-type sulfonylation, 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer, 5-endo-trig cyclization, and β-elimination. This study lays further groundwork for the use of anti-Baldwin 5-endo-trig radical cyclization in rapidly assembling five-membered carbocycles.

Angewandte Chemie, International Edition published new progress about Cyclization (sulfonylcarbocyclization). 107-54-0 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 3,5-Dimethylhex-1-yn-3-ol, and the molecular formula is C8H14O, HPLC of Formula: 107-54-0.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts