Month: December 2022

Huang, Chao published the artcileA pectic polysaccharide from water decoction of Xinjiang Lycium barbarum fruit protects against intestinal endoplasmic reticulum stress, Computed Properties of 59-23-4, the main research area is Lycium fruit pectic polysaccharide intestine endoplasmic reticulum stress China; ER stress; Lycium barbarum; Pectic polysaccharide.

Neutral polysaccharides from Ningxia L. barbarum fruit have been reported with immunomodulatory and antioxidative biol. activities. Few studies on pectic polysaccharides have been reported, especially not from the Xinjiang L. barbarum. In the present study, a pectic polysaccharide, XLBP-I-I, was obtained from water decoction of Xinjiang L. barbarum using anion exchange chromatog. and gel filtration. The results from methanolysis, methylation, FT-IR and NMR experiments indicated that XLBP-I-I was a typical pectic polysaccharide. In vitro assay showed that XLBP-I-I could reduce the ER stress and UPR in tunicamycin insult IPEC-J2 cells, and further protect IPEC-J2 cells against apoptosis induced by ER stress. These results reveal a new perspective for pectic L. barbarum polysaccharides on intestine ER stress, and this elicited interests for its further applications.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules published new progress about Apoptosis. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Computed Properties of 59-23-4.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Boothby, Jennifer M. published the artcileEffects of network structure on the mechanical and thermal responses of liquid crystal elastomers, Synthetic Route of 7575-23-7, the main research area is liquid crystal elastomer mech thermal property mol dynamics simulation.

Thermoresponsive liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) have a high potential to be used for actuation applications. There has been a substantial amount of literature on synthesis of different LCE networks and their corresponding performance. However, much of the prior work focuses on the exptl. aspect of the effects of mesogenic species, crosslinkers, and spacers on the thermal and mech. response of LCE. Here we have built on these prior studies, and expanded understanding of LCE work capacity and thermal properties to the mol. and network structures by comparing the exptl. results to the theor. predicted values based on a random walk model derived from classical rubber elasticity. A previously developed two stage thiol-acrylate LCE chem. was used as the model system. On the basis of increasing the chain entropy, we varied crosslinker concentration, crosslinker functionality, and liquid crystal mesogen length and showed that average mol. weight between crosslinks and mol. weight of the Kuhn segment play important roles in controlling the work capacity. The rubber elastic model predicted network performance agreed reasonably well with the exptl. results.

Multifunctional Materials published new progress about Crosslink density. 7575-23-7 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is Pentaerythritol tetra(3-mercaptopropionate), and the molecular formula is C17H28O8S4, Synthetic Route of 7575-23-7.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Martin Linares, Cristina P. published the artcileThe effect of alignment on the rate-dependent behavior of a main-chain liquid crystal elastomer, Formula: C17H28O8S4, the main research area is thiol acrylate liquid crystal elastomer mech property.

This study investigated the effect of alignment on the rate-dependent behavior of a main-chain liquid crystal elastomer (LCE). Polydomain nematic LCE networks were synthesized from a thiol-acrylate Michael addition reaction in the isotropic state. The polydomain networks were stretched to different strain levels to induce alignment then crosslinked in a second stage photopolymerization process. The LCE networks were subjected to dynamic mech. tests to measure the temperature-dependent storage modulus and uniaxial tension load-unload tests to measure the rate-dependence of the Young’s modulus, mech. dissipation, and characteristics of the soft stress response. Three-dimensional (3D) digital image correlation (DIC) was used to characterize the effect of domain/mesogen relaxation on the strain fields. All LCE networks exhibited a highly rate-dependent stress response with significant inelastic strains after unloading. The Young’s modulus of the loading curve and hysteresis of the load-unload curves showed a power-law dependence on the strain rate. The Young’s modulus increased with alignment and larger anisotropy and a smaller power-law exponent was measured for the Young’s modulus and hysteresis for the highly aligned monodomains. The polydomain and pre-stretched networks loaded perpendicular to the alignment direction exhibited a soft stress response that featured a rate-dependent peak stress, strain-softening, and strain-stiffening. The 3D-DIC strain fields for the polydomain network and programmed networks stretched in the perpendicular direction were highly heterogeneous, showing regions of alternating higher and lower strains. The strain variations increased initially with loading, peaked during the strain softening part of the stress response, then decreased during the strain stiffening part of the stress response. Greater variability was measured for lower strain rates. These observations suggest that local domain/mesogen relaxation led to the development of the heterogeneous strain patterns and strain softening in stress response. These findings improved understanding of the kinetics of mesogen relaxation and its contributions to the rate-dependent stress response and mech. dissipation.

Soft Matter published new progress about Complex modulus, tan δ. 7575-23-7 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is Pentaerythritol tetra(3-mercaptopropionate), and the molecular formula is C17H28O8S4, Formula: C17H28O8S4.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Mistry, D. published the artcileSoft elasticity optimizes dissipation in 3D-printed liquid crystal elastomers, Recommanded Product: Pentaerythritol tetra(3-mercaptopropionate), the main research area is liquid crystal elastomer 3D printing soft elasticity.

Soft-elasticity in monodomain liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) is promising for impact-absorbing applications where strain energy is ideally absorbed at constant stress. Conventionally, compressive and impact studies on LCEs have not been performed given the notorious difficulty synthesizing sufficiently large monodomain devices. Here, we use direct-ink writing 3D printing to fabricate bulk (>cm3) monodomain LCE devices and study their compressive soft-elasticity over 8 decades of strain rate. At quasi-static rates, the monodomain soft-elastic LCE dissipated 45% of strain energy while comparator materials dissipated less than 20%. At strain rates up to 3000 s-1, our soft-elastic monodomain LCE consistently performed closest to an ideal-impact absorber. Drop testing reveals soft-elasticity as a likely mechanism for effectively reducing the severity of impacts – with soft elastic LCEs offering a Gadd Severity Index 40% lower than a comparable isotropic elastomer. Lastly, we demonstrate tailoring deformation and buckling behavior in monodomain LCEs via the printed director orientation.

Nature Communications published new progress about Anisotropic materials. 7575-23-7 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is Pentaerythritol tetra(3-mercaptopropionate), and the molecular formula is C17H28O8S4, Recommanded Product: Pentaerythritol tetra(3-mercaptopropionate).

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Choudhury, Sadananda published the artcileComposition of the stem, flower and fruit oils of Litsea cubeba Pers. from two locations of Assam, India, Application of 2-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-5-methylcyclohexanol, the main research area is essential oil composition Litsea.

The essential oils from the stems, flowers and fruits of two populations of Litsea cubeba Pers., growing spontaneously in Assam, India, were examined by a combination of high resolution GC and GC/MS. Between 19 and 44 compounds have been identified, accounting for 82-99% of the oils. The major constituents of the stem oils appeared to be citronellol (11.9-20.4%) and citronellal (7.7-10.0%). The fruit oils were also characterized by high concentrations of these compounds, but in reversed order: citronellal (44.8-77.2%) and citronellol (10.9-14.0%). The flower oils were rich in sabinene (41.8-42.3%), citronellal (14.3-17.3%), β-phellandrene (7.7-9.0%), α-pinene (6.6-7.6%) and β-pinene (5.8-6.1%).

Journal of Essential Oil Research published new progress about. 42822-86-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 2-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-5-methylcyclohexanol, and the molecular formula is C10H20O2, Application of 2-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-5-methylcyclohexanol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Wakasugi, Takayuki published the artcileRole of smooth muscle cell p53 in pulmonary arterial hypertension, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is smooth muscle cell pulmonary arterial hypertension p53.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by remodeling and narrowing of the pulmonary arteries, which lead to elevation of right ventricular pressure, heart failure, and death. Proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) is thought to be central to the pathogenesis of PAH, although the underlying mechanisms are still being explored. The protein p53 is involved in cell cycle coordination, DNA repair, apoptosis, and cellular senescence, but its role in pulmonary hypertension (PH) is not fully known. We developed a mouse model of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH) and found significant reduction of p53 expression in the lungs. Our in vitro experiments with metabolomic analyses and the Seahorse XF extracellular flux analyzer indicated that suppression of p53 expression in PASMCs led to upregulation of glycolysis and downregulation of mitochondrial respiration, suggesting a proliferative phenotype resembling that of cancer cells. It was previously shown that systemic genetic depletion of p53 in a murine PH model led to more severe lung manifestations. Lack of information about the role of cell-specific p53 signaling promoted us to investigate it in our mouse PH model with the inducible Cre-loxP system. We generated a mouse model with SMC-specific gain or loss of p53 function by crossing Myh11-Cre/ERT2 mice with floxed Mdm4 mice or floxed Trp53 mice. After these animals were exposed to hypoxia for 4 wk, we conducted hemodynamic and echocardiog. studies. Surprisingly, the severity of PH was similar in both groups of mice and there were no differences between the genotypes. Our findings in these mice indicate that activation or suppression of p53 signaling in SMCs has a minor role in the pathogenesis of PH and suggest that p53 signaling in other cells (endothelial cells, immune cells, or fibroblasts) may be involved in the progression of this condition.

PLoS One published new progress about Cardiovascular system. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Neinast, Michael D. published the artcileQuantitative Analysis of the Whole-Body Metabolic Fate of Branched-Chain Amino Acids, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is cardiac skeletal muscle branched chain amino acid oxidation insulin; branched chain amino acids; insulin resistance; obesity; stable isotope tracing.

Elevations in branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) associate with numerous systemic diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and heart failure. However, an integrated understanding of whole-body BCAA metabolism remains lacking. Here, we employ in vivo isotopic tracing to systemically quantify BCAA oxidation in healthy and insulin-resistant mice. We find that most tissues rapidly oxidize BCAAs into the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, with the greatest quantity occurring in muscle, brown fat, liver, kidneys, and heart. Notably, pancreas supplies 20% of its TCA carbons from BCAAs. Genetic and pharmacol. suppression of branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase, a clin. targeted regulatory kinase, induces BCAA oxidation primarily in skeletal muscle of healthy mice. While insulin acutely increases BCAA oxidation in cardiac and skeletal muscle, chronically insulin-resistant mice show blunted BCAA oxidation in adipose tissues and liver, shifting BCAA oxidation toward muscle. Together, this work provides a quant. framework for understanding systemic BCAA oxidation in health and insulin resistance.

Cell Metabolism published new progress about Blood plasma. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Puzakova, L. V. published the artcileTissue Specificity of the AqE Gene Activity in the Yellow Croaker Larimichthys crocea, HPLC of Formula: 97-67-6, the main research area is sulfolactate dehydrogenase AqE Larimichthys transcriptional activity.

Abstract: The study of the diversity of metabolic pathways is an important aspect for understanding the evolutionary relationships between metabolic pathways and their biochem. precursors. Recently, researchers described a sulfolactate dehydrogenase-like protein encoded in eukaryotes by the AqE gene, which remains highly conserved in teleosts. However, the metabolic role of this enzyme is still unknown. In the present work, we studied the transcriptional activity of the AqE gene, as well as other genes associated with energy exchange in the large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea. The quant. anal. of expression showed the tissue specificity of the AqE gene activity in the yellow croaker. The gene is active in the liver, skin, and gills. The anal. of gene expression in various organs and under the influence of stressful conditions suggests that the enzyme encoded by the AqE gene is involved in the malate-aspartate shuttle or in the excretion of the final metabolites (sulfolactate) from the organism.

Russian Journal of Genetics published new progress about Gill. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, HPLC of Formula: 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Zeng, Li published the artcileL-Theanine attenuates liver aging by inhibiting advanced glycation end products in D-galactose-induced rats and reversing an imbalance of oxidative stress and inflammation, Safety of (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, the main research area is liver aging inflammation oxidative stress levo theanine dextro galactose; AGEs; Inflammatory response; Liver aging; Oxidative stress; l-Theanine.

Redox and inflammation imbalances are associated with increased levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), leading to the degeneration of body function. L-Theanine, derived from tea, reportedly inhibits AGE formation in vitro. We investigated the effects on AGE content, oxidative stress, and inflammatory factors in D-galactose-induced aging rats for prevention and treatment of age-related liver dysfunction. L-Theanine increased activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, thus enhancing total antioxidant capacity, and decreasing malondialdehyde and nitric oxide synthase levels in serum and liver. Levels of the pro-inflammatory factors, interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and IL-6 were decreased in serum and liver, whereas those of anti-inflammatory factors, IL-4 and IL-10, were increased in the serum. Further, L-theanine inhibited AGE production and decreased the levels of the liver function markers, alanine aminotransaminase and aspartate aminotransferase. It also significantly increased the mRNA expression levels of FoxO1 and downregulated NF-κB(p65) but suppressed the phosphorylation of both FOXO1 and NF-κB (p65). Moreover, L-theanine effectively attenuated D-galactose-induced edema and vacuole formation, thus protecting the liver. Overall, L-theanine reversed the D-galactose-induced imbalance in oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, reduced AGEs content in aging rats, maintained homeostasis in the body, and ameliorated liver aging.

Experimental Gerontology published new progress about Aging, animal. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Safety of (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Kikuchi-Taura, Akie published the artcileGap junction-mediated cell-cell interaction between transplanted mesenchymal stem cells and vascular endothelium in stroke, HPLC of Formula: 111-87-5, the main research area is cell gap junction communication stemcell transplantation vascular endothelium stroke; COVID-19; cell therapy; gap junction; immunosuppression; mesenchymal stem cell.

We have shown previously that transplanted bone marrow mononuclear cells (BM-MNC), which are a cell fraction rich in hematopoietic stem cells, can activate cerebral endothelial cells via gap junction-mediated cell-cell interaction. In the present study, we investigated such cell-cell interaction between mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and cerebral endothelial cells. In contrast to BM-MNC, for MSC we observed suppression of vascular endothelial growth factor uptake into endothelial cells and transfer of glucose from endothelial cells to MSC in vitro. The transfer of such a small mol. from MSC to vascular endothelium was subsequently confirmed in vivo and was followed by suppressed activation of macrophage/microglia in stroke mice. The suppressive effect was absent by blockade of gap junction at MSC. Furthermore, gap junction-mediated cell-cell interaction was observed between circulating white blood cells and MSC. Our findings indicate that gap junction-mediated cell-cell interaction is one of the major pathways for MSC-mediated suppression of inflammation in the brain following stroke and provides a novel strategy to maintain the blood-brain barrier in injured brain. Furthermore, our current results have the potential to provide a novel insight for other ongoing clin. trials that make use of MSC transplantation aiming to suppress excess inflammation, as well as other diseases such as COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019).

Stem Cells (Durham, NC, United States) published new progress about Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor E1 Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 111-87-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is n-Octanol, and the molecular formula is C8H18O, HPLC of Formula: 111-87-5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts