Month: December 2022

Pereira, Goncalo C. published the artcileHexokinase II dissociation alone cannot account for changes in heart mitochondrial function, morphology and sensitivity to permeability transition pore opening following ischemia, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is ischemia hexokinase II heart mitochondria morphol permeability transition pore.

We previously demonstrated that hexokinase II (HK2) dissociation from mitochondria during cardiac ischemia correlates with cytochrome c (cyt-c) loss, oxidative stress and subsequent reperfusion injury. However, whether HK2 release is the primary signal mediating this ischemia-induced mitochondrial dysfunction was not established. To investigate this, we studied the effects of dissociating HK2 from isolated heart mitochondria. Mitochondria isolated from Langendorff-perfused rat hearts before and after 30 min global ischemia ± ischemic preconditioning (IPC) were subject to in vitro dissociation of HK2 by incubation with glucose-6-phosphate at pH 6.3. Prior HK2 dissociation from pre- or end-ischemic heart mitochondria had no effect on their cyt-c release, respiration (± ADP) or mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening. Inner mitochondrial membrane morphol. was assessed indirectly by monitoring changes in light scattering (LS) and confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. Although no major ultrastructure differences were detected between pre- and end-ischemia mitochondria, the amplitude of changes in LS was reduced in the latter. This was prevented by IPC but not mimicked in vitro by HK2 dissociation We also observed more Drp1, a mitochondrial fission protein, in end-ischemia mitochondria. IPC failed to prevent this increase but did decrease mitochondrial-associated dynamin 2. In vitro HK2 dissociation alone cannot replicate ischemia-induced effects on mitochondrial function implying that in vivo dissociation of HK2 modulates end-ischemia mitochondrial function indirectly perhaps involving interaction with mitochondrial fission proteins. The resulting changes in mitochondrial morphol. and cristae structure would destabilize outer / inner membrane interactions, increase cyt-c release and enhance mPTP sensitivity to [Ca2+].

PLoS One published new progress about Breathing (animal). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Shameer, Sanu published the artcileLeaf energy balance requires mitochondrial respiration and export of chloroplast NADPH in the light, Application of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is Arabidopsis chloroplast malate mitochondrial respiration photooxidative stress light.

Key aspects of leaf mitochondrial metabolism in the light remain unresolved. For example, there is debate about the relative importance of exporting reducing equivalent from mitochondria for the peroxisomal steps of photorespiration vs. oxidation of NADH to generate ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. Here, we address this and explore energetic coupling between organelles in the light using a diel flux balance anal. model. The model included more than 600 reactions of central metabolism with full stoichiometric accounting of energy production and consumption. Different scenarios of energy availability (light intensity) and demand (source leaf vs. a growing leaf) were considered, and the model was constrained by the nonlinear relationship between light and CO2 assimilation rate. The anal. demonstrated that the chloroplast can theor. generate sufficient ATP to satisfy the energy requirements of the rest of the cell in addition to its own. However, this requires unrealistic high light use efficiency and, in practice, the availability of chloroplast-derived ATP is limited by chloroplast energy dissipation systems, such as nonphotochem. quenching, and the capacity of the chloroplast ATP export shuttles. Given these limitations, substantial mitochondrial ATP synthesis is required to fulfill cytosolic ATP requirements, with only minimal, or zero, export of mitochondrial reducing equivalent The anal. also revealed the importance of exporting reducing equivalent from chloroplasts to sustain photorespiration. Hence, the chloroplast malate valve and triose phosphate-3-phosphoglycerate shuttle are predicted to have important metabolic roles, in addition to their more commonly discussed contribution to the avoidance of photooxidative stress.

Plant Physiology published new progress about Amino acids Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Application of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Qin, Jing published the artcileStructural characterization and immunoregulatory activity of two polysaccharides from the rhizomes of Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC, Safety of (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, the main research area is Atractylodes rhizome acidic neutral polysaccharide immunomodulator activity; Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC; Immunoregulatory activity; Structure characterization.

A neutral polysaccharide (ALP-1) and an acidic polysaccharide (ALP-3) were purified from Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. ALP-1 exhibited a linear backbone composed of (2 → 1)-linked β-D-fructofuranose. The backbone of ALP-3 was elucidated as (→4)-GalAp-(1 → 3,4)-Rhap-(1→, and with branch chain substituted at O-3 position of →3,4)-Rhap-(1 →). The branch chain consists of (→3,5)-Araf-(1→, →5)-Araf-(1→), and Araf-(1→). Particularly, ALP-3 could significantly stimulate macrophage proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, and stimulate phagocytic, NO and cytokines production than ALP-1 on RAW264.7 cells. Besides, both ALP-1 and ALP-3 could activate T-cells in Peyer’s patch cells and enhance the production of colony stimulation factors. While the ALP-3 also showed better intestinal immune system modulating activity than ALP-1. The result of this study indicated that the structure diversity of polysaccharide is crucial for its bioactivity. And also provided evidence for that carbohydrate polymers in A. lancea definitely contributed to its pharmaceutical effects.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules published new progress about Aggregated lymphoid nodule. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Safety of (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Ubeda, Cristina published the artcileCombined effects of the vessel type and bottle closure during Chilean Sauvignon Blanc wine storage over its volatile profile, Name: 3-(Methylthio)propan-1-ol, the main research area is chilean sauvignon blanc wine storage vessel bottle volatile profile; Clay; Natural cork; Polyethylene; Sauvignon Blanc; Screwcap; Stainless steel; Synthetic cork; Volatile compounds; Wine maturation.

A Sauvignon Blanc wine was subjected to a maturation period of six months by using four different types of vessels in triplicate: cylindrical stainless steel tanks, oval-shaped polyethylene tanks, cubic-shaped polyethylene tanks, and clay jars. After maturation in the different vessels, wines were bottled using three different closures (natural cork, synthetic cork, and screwcaps). The volatile compound profiles of the wine samples were recorded by SPME-GC-MS throughout vessel maturation as well as after the bottle storage period. In general terms, wines stored in stainless steel tanks showed the highest contents of volatile compounds when compared with the other tested vessels. Moreover, wines from bottles capped with screwcaps showed the highest contents of most of the volatile compounds when compared with the other closures. Moreover, an interaction between the vessel and the closure was observed: when screwcaps were used during bottle aging, the resulting wines were very similar to those matured in stainless steel vessels. These results suggest that the use of screwcaps hides the differences originating from wine composition during maturation in vessels other than stainless steel.

Food Research International published new progress about Acids Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 505-10-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 3-(Methylthio)propan-1-ol, and the molecular formula is C4H10OS, Name: 3-(Methylthio)propan-1-ol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Lee, Bongyong published the artcileMedulloblastoma cerebrospinal fluid reveals metabolites and lipids indicative of hypoxia and cancer-specific RNAs, HPLC of Formula: 97-67-6, the main research area is RNA lipid cerebrospinal fluid hypoxia medulloblastoma; Circular RNA; Lipidomics; Medulloblastoma; Metabolomics; TCA; Transcriptomics.

Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant brain tumor in children. There remains an unmet need for diagnostics to sensitively detect the disease, particularly recurrences. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) provides a window into the central nervous system, and liquid biopsy of CSF could provide a relatively non-invasive means for disease diagnosis. There has yet to be an integrated anal. of the transcriptomic, metabolomic, and lipidomic changes occurring in the CSF of children with MB. CSF samples from patients with (n = 40) or without (n = 11; no cancer) MB were subjected to RNA-sequencing and high-resolution mass spectrometry to identify RNA, metabolite, and lipid profiles. Differentially expressed transcripts, metabolites, and lipids were identified and their biol. significance assessed by pathway anal. The DIABLO multivariate anal. package (R package mixOmics) was used to integrate the mol. changes characterizing the CSF of MB patients. Differentially expressed transcripts, metabolites, and lipids in CSF were discriminatory for the presence of MB but not the exact mol. subtype. One hundred and ten genes and ten circular RNAs were differentially expressed in MB CSF compared with normal, representing TGF-β signaling, TNF-α signaling via NF-kB, and adipogenesis pathways. Tricarboxylic acid cycle and other metabolites (malate, fumarate, succinate, α-ketoglutarate, hydroxypyruvate, N-acetyl-aspartate) and total triacylglycerols were significantly upregulated in MB CSF compared with normal CSF. Although separating MBs into subgroups using transcriptomic, metabolomic, and lipid signatures in CSF was challenging, we were able to identify a group of omics signatures that could sep. cancer from normal CSF. Metabolic and lipidomic profiles both contained indicators of tumor hypoxia. Our approach provides several candidate signatures that deserve further validation, including the novel circular RNA circ_463, and insights into the impact of MB on the CSF microenvironment.

Acta Neuropathologica Communications published new progress about Adipogenesis. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, HPLC of Formula: 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Witters, Peter published the artcileClinical and biochemical improvement with galactose supplementation in SLC35A2-CDG, Recommanded Product: (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, the main research area is galactose SLCA glycosylation congenital disorder; Nijmegen Pediatric CDG Rating Scale (NPCRS); SLC35A2-CDG; galactose; glycan; glycosylation.

Abstract: Purpose: We studied galactose supplementation in SLC35A2-congenital disorder of glycosylation (SLC35A2-CDG), caused by monoallelic pathogenic variants in SLC35A2 (Xp11.23), encoding the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi UDP-galactose transporter. Patients present with epileptic encephalopathy, developmental disability, growth deficiency, and dysmorphism. Methods: Ten patients with SLC35A2-CDG were supplemented with oral D-galactose for 18 wk in escalating doses up to 1.5 g/kg/day. Outcome was assessed using the Nijmegen Pediatric CDG Rating Scale (NPCRS, ten patients) and by glycomics (eight patients). Results: SLC35A2-CDG patients demonstrated improvements in overall Nijmegen Pediatric CDG Rating Scale (NPCRS) score (P = 0.008), the current clin. assessment (P = 0.007), and the system specific involvement (P = 0.042) domains. Improvements were primarily in growth and development with five patients resuming developmental progress, which included postural control, response to stimuli, and chewing and swallowing amelioration. Addnl., there were improvements in gastrointestinal symptoms and epilepsy. One patient in our study did not show any clin. improvement. Galactose supplementation improved patients′ glycosylation with decreased ratios of incompletely formed to fully formed glycans (M-gal/disialo, P = 0.012 and monosialo/disialo, P = 0.017) and increased levels of a fully galactosylated N-glycan (P = 0.05). Conclusions: Oral D-galactose supplementation results in clin. and biochem. improvement in SLC35A2-CDG. Galactose supplementation may partially overcome the Golgi UDP-galactose deficiency and improves galactosylation. Oral galactose is well tolerated and shows promise as dietary therapy.

Genetics in Medicine published new progress about Glycosylation Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Recommanded Product: (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Mukherjee, Shreya published the artcileA variety of new tri- and tetranuclear Mn-Ln and Fe-Ln (Ln = lanthanide) complexes, Application In Synthesis of 2212-32-0, the main research area is manganese gadolinium carboxylate heterometallic cluster preparation crystal structure; iron gadolinium carboxylate heterometallic cluster preparation crystal structure; magnetic property iron manganese gadolinium heterobimetallic cluster; transition metal lanthanide carboxylate heterometallic cluster preparation crystal structure.

The use of carboxylates in the synthesis of 3d/4f clusters, with or without a second organic ligand, has afforded tetranuclear M2Gd2 complexes (M = Fe or Mn), and two new trinuclear M2Gd (M = Fe or Mn) mol. compounds Only one of these, [Mn2Gd2O2(O2CBut)8(HO2CBut)4] (1), does not contain a multidentate chelate ligand. Two other similar tetranuclear clusters were synthesized from the use of triethanolamine (teaH3) and 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)ethane (thmeH3). [Mn2Gd2(OH)2(O2CPh)4(NO3)2(teaH)2] (2) has very similar structure with 1, bearing a defective incomplete double-cubane core bridged by μ3-O atoms, whereas in the core of [NHEt3]2[Fe2Gd2(O2CPh)4(thme)2(NO3)4] (3) the thme3- ligand caps the two incomplete cubane units, providing the triply-bridging alkoxides needed for bridging. Two new oxide-centered triangular clusters were synthesized bearing the Schiff-based chelate 2-{[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]methylamino}ethanol (dmemH), [Fe2GdO(O2CBut)2(dmem)2(NO3)3] (4), and [Mn2GdO(O2CBut)2(dmem)2(NO3)3] (5). Magnetic susceptibility measurements and/or reduced magnetization studies established that complexes 1 and 3 have an S = 5 ground state, complex 2 has S = 4, and complexes 4 and 5 are S = 7/2 in their ground states. These complexes portray the feasibility of obtaining products bearing metal cores commonly found in homometallic clusters, even when these include metals with completely different coordination chem. and electronic structure, such as lanthanides.

Polyhedron published new progress about Crystal structure. 2212-32-0 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is N2-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-N1,N1,N2-trimethyl-1,2-ethylenediamine, and the molecular formula is C7H18N2O, Application In Synthesis of 2212-32-0.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Mateus, Andre published the artcileThe functional proteome landscape of Escherichia coli, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is Escherichia thermal proteome profiling reverse genetics.

Recent developments in high-throughput reverse genetics1,2 have revolutionized our ability to map gene function and interactions3-6. The power of these approaches depends on their ability to identify functionally associated genes, which elicit similar phenotypic changes across several perturbations (chem., environmental or genetic) when knocked out7-9. However, owing to the large number of perturbations, these approaches have been limited to growth or morphol. readouts10. Here we use a high-content biochem. readout, thermal proteome profiling11, to measure the proteome-wide protein abundance and thermal stability in response to 121 genetic perturbations in Escherichia coli. We show that thermal stability, and therefore the state and interactions of essential proteins, is commonly modulated, raising the possibility of studying a protein group that is particularly inaccessible to genetics. We find that functionally associated proteins have coordinated changes in abundance and thermal stability across perturbations, owing to their co-regulation and phys. interactions (with proteins, metabolites or cofactors). Finally, we provide mechanistic insights into previously determined growth phenotypes12 that go beyond the deleted gene. These data represent a rich resource for inferring protein functions and interactions.

Nature (London, United Kingdom) published new progress about Cytolysis. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Wang, Yan-Bing published the artcileNaOH-Mediated Direct Synthesis of Quinoxalines from o-Nitroanilines and Alcohols via a Hydrogen-Transfer Strategy, Recommanded Product: 1-(4-Bromophenyl)ethane-1,2-diol, the main research area is sodium hydroxide quinoxaline synthesis nitroaniline alc hydrogen transfer.

A NaOH-mediated sustainable synthesis of functionalized quinoxalines is disclosed via redox condensation of o-nitroamines with diols and α-hydroxy ketones. Under optimized conditions, various o-nitroamines and alcs. are well tolerated to generate the desired products in 44-99% yields without transition metals and external redox additives.

Journal of Organic Chemistry published new progress about Cyclocondensation reaction (redox cyclocondensation). 92093-23-7 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 1-(4-Bromophenyl)ethane-1,2-diol, and the molecular formula is C8H9BrO2, Recommanded Product: 1-(4-Bromophenyl)ethane-1,2-diol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Slavokhotova, Anna published the artcileTranscriptomic Analysis of Genes Involved in Plant Defense Response to the Cucumber Green Mottle Mosaic Virus Infection, COA of Formula: C4H6O5, the main research area is transcriptome cucumber green mottle mosaic virus infection; CGMMV; RNA-seq; cucumber; disease resistance; plant bioinformatics; plant-virus interaction; stress tolerance.

Plants have evolved a complex multilayered defense system to counteract various invading pathogens during their life cycle. In addition to silencing, considered to be a major mol. defense response against viruses, different signaling pathways activated by phytohormones trigger the expression of secondary metabolites and proteins preventing virus entry and propagation. In this study, we explored the response of cucumber plants to one of the global pathogens, cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV), which causes severe symptoms on leaves and fruits. The inbred line of Cucumis sativus L., which is highly susceptible to CGMMV, was chosen for inoculation. Transcriptomes of infected plants at the early and late stages of infection were analyzed in comparison with the corresponding transcriptomes of healthy plants using RNA-seq. The changes in the signaling pathways of ethylene and salicylic and jasmonic acids, as well as the differences in silencing response and expression of pathogenesis-related proteins and transcription factors, were revealed. The results show that silencing was strongly suppressed in infected plants, while the salicylic acid and ethylene signaling pathways were induced. The genes encoding pathogenesis-related proteins and the genes involved in the jasmonic acid pathway changed their expression insignificantly. It was also found that WRKY and NAC were the most sensitive to CGMMV infection among the transcription factors detected.

Life (Basel, Switzerland) published new progress about Copper transporter CTR1 Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, COA of Formula: C4H6O5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts