Month: December 2022

Aggarwal, Ritesh K. published the artcileFunctional succinate dehydrogenase deficiency is a common adverse feature of clear cell renal cancer, Formula: C4H6O5, the main research area is clear cell renal cancer succinate dehydrogenase CDH1 prognosis; TET-2; kidney cancer; succinate; succinate dehydrogenase.

Reduced succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity resulting in adverse succinate accumulation was previously considered relevant only in 0.05 to 0.5% of kidney cancers associated with germline SDH mutations. Here, we sought to examine a broader role for SDH loss in kidney cancer pathogenesis/progression. We report that underexpression of SDH subunits resulting in accumulation of oncogenic succinate is a common feature in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) (∼80% of all kidney cancers), with a marked adverse impact on survival in ccRCC patients (n = 516). We show that SDH down-regulation is a critical brake in the TCA cycle during ccRCC pathogenesis and progression. In exploring mechanisms of SDH down-regulation in ccRCC, we report that Von Hippel-Lindau loss-induced hypoxia-inducible factor-dependent up-regulation of miR-210 causes direct inhibition of the SDHD transcript. Moreover, shallow deletion of SDHB occurs in ∼20% of ccRCC. We then demonstrate that SDH loss-induced succinate accumulation contributes to adverse loss of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, gain of 5-methylcytosine, and enhanced invasiveness in ccRCC via inhibition of ten-eleven translocation (TET)-2 activity. Intriguingly, binding affinity between the catalytic domain of recombinant TET-2 and succinate was found to be very low, suggesting that the mechanism of succinate-induced attenuation of TET-2 activity is likely via product inhibition rather than competitive inhibition. Finally, exogenous ascorbic acid, a TET-activating demethylating agent, led to reversal of the above oncogenic effects of succinate in ccRCC cells. Collectively, our study demonstrates that functional SDH deficiency is a common adverse feature of ccRCC and not just limited to the kidney cancers associated with germline SDH mutations.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America published new progress about Animal gene Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study) (TET2). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Formula: C4H6O5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Ogneva, Irina V. published the artcileDrosophila melanogaster sperm under simulated microgravity and a hypomagnetic field: motility and cell respiration, Formula: C4H6O5, the main research area is Drosophila melanogaster sperm motility respiration microgravity hypomagnetic field; cell respiration; hypomagnetic field; motility; simulated microgravity; sperm.

The role of the Earth’s gravitational and magnetic fields in the evolution and maintenance of normal processes of various animal species remains unclear. The aim of this work was to determine the effect of simulated microgravity and hypomagnetic conditions for 1, 3, and 6 h on the sperm motility of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. In addition to the usual diet, the groups were administered oral essential phospholipids at a dosage of 500 mg/kg in medium. The speed of the sperm tails was determined by video recording and anal. of the obtained video files, protein content by western blotting, and cell respiration by polarog. The results indicated an increase in the speed of movement of the sperm tails after 6 h in simulated microgravity. The levels of proteins that form the axoneme of the sperm tail did not change, but cellular respiration was altered. A similar effect occurred with the administration of essential phospholipids. These results may be due to a change in the level of phosphorylation of motor proteins. Exposure to hypomagnetic conditions led to a decrease in motility after 6 h against a background of a decrease in the rate of cellular respiration due to complex I of the respiratory chain. This effect was not observed in the flies that received essential phospholipids. However, after 1 h under hypomagnetic conditions, the rate of cellular respiration also increased due to complex I, including that in the sperm of flies receiving essential phospholipids.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences published new progress about Animal gene Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study) (Cct4). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Formula: C4H6O5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Freire, C. S. R. published the artcileLipophilic extractives of the inner and outer barks of Eucalyptus globulus, Safety of 17-Hydroxyheptadecanoic acid, the main research area is Eucalyptus bark extract triterpenoid fatty acid ferulic acid ester.

The chem. compositions of the dichloromethane extracts of inner and outer barks of E. globulus were studied by gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry. The two fractions show very different chem. compositions: triterpenic acids, such as betulinic, ursolic and oleanolic acids, were the major components of the outer bark extract, whereas β-sitosterol and β-amirin along with palmitic, linoleic and oleic acids predominate in the inner bark extract Several α- and β-hydroxy fatty acids, recently reported for the first time as E. globulus wood components, were also identified in the outer and inner barks. In the outer bark extract, minor amounts of ferulic acid esters, also previously reported to occur in E. globulus wood were identified. In general, the inner bark lipophilic extractives resemble more closely that of E. globulus wood.

Holzforschung published new progress about Aliphatic alcohols Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 13099-34-8 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 17-Hydroxyheptadecanoic acid, and the molecular formula is C17H34O3, Safety of 17-Hydroxyheptadecanoic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Ohzono, Takuya published the artcileEnhanced Dynamic Adhesion in Nematic Liquid Crystal Elastomers, Safety of Pentaerythritol tetra(3-mercaptopropionate), the main research area is dynamic adhesion nematic liquid crystal elastomer polyacrylic acrylic adhesive; adhesion; dynamic soft elasticity; liquid crystal elastomer; viscous dissipation.

Smart adhesives that undergo reversible detachment in response to external stimuli enable a wide range of applications in household products, medical devices, or manufacturing Here, a new model system for the design of smart soft adhesives that dynamically respond to their environment is presented. By exploiting the effect of dynamic soft elasticity in nematic liquid crystal elastomers (LCE), the temperature-dependent control of adhesion to a solid glass surface is demonstrated. The adhesion strength of LCE is more than double in the nematic phase, in comparison to the isotropic phase, further increasing at higher detachment rates. The static work of adhesion, related to the interfacial energy of adhesive contact, is shown to change very little within the explored temperature range. Accordingly, the observed enhanced adhesion in the nematic phase is primarily attributable to the increased internal energy dissipation during the detachment process. This adhesion effect is correlated with the inherent bulk dynamic-mech. response in the nematic LCE. The reported enhanced dynamic adhesion can lead to the development of a new class of stimuli-responsive adhesives.

Advanced Materials (Weinheim, Germany) published new progress about Acrylic rubber Role: PRP (Properties), SPN (Synthetic Preparation), PREP (Preparation). 7575-23-7 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is Pentaerythritol tetra(3-mercaptopropionate), and the molecular formula is C17H28O8S4, Safety of Pentaerythritol tetra(3-mercaptopropionate).

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Lin, Meei-Hua published the artcileComprehensive Mouse Skin Ceramide Analysis on a Solid-Phase and TLC Separation with High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Platform, Formula: C17H34O3, the main research area is skin ceramide solid phase TLC mass spectrometry; Epidermal lipids; Mass spectrometry; Protein-bound lipids; Solid-phase extraction; Thin layer chromatography.

Lipidomic analyses by mass spectrometry (MS) of epidermal ceramides, a large family of lipids crucial to the permeability barrier of the skin, have been reported previously. To ensure the accuracy of lipid identification, we describe here the isolation of mouse newborn epidermal lipids followed by fractionation with solid-phase extraction columns, and lipidomic analyses by high-resolution MS for structural identification. We also describe here the employment of thin layer chromatog., an old but useful tool, in facilitating the structural characterization of the epidermal lipid species by MS.

Methods in Molecular Biology (New York, NY, United States) published new progress about High-resolution mass spectrometry. 13099-34-8 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 17-Hydroxyheptadecanoic acid, and the molecular formula is C17H34O3, Formula: C17H34O3.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Connell, Niels J. published the artcileNo evidence for brown adipose tissue activation after creatine supplementation in adult vegetarians, Synthetic Route of 97-67-6, the main research area is creatine supplementation brown adipose tissue vegetarian.

Abstract: Creatine availability in adipose tissue has been shown to have profound effects on thermogenesis and energy balance in mice. However, whether dietary creatine supplementation affects brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation in humans is unclear. In the present study, we report the results of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial (NCT04086381) in which 14 young, healthy, vegetarian adults, who are characterized by low creatine levels, received 20 g of creatine monohydrate per day or placebo. Participants were eligible if they met the following criteria: male or female, white, aged 18-30 years, consuming a vegetarian diet (≥6 mo) and body mass index 20-25 kg m-2. BAT activation after acute cold exposure was determined by calculating standard uptake values (SUVs) acquired by [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomog.-magnetic resonance imaging. BAT volume (-31.32 (19.32) SUV (95% confidence interval (CI) -73.06, 10.42; P = 0.129)), SUVmean (-0.34 (0.29) SUV (95% CI -0.97, 0.28; P = 0.254)) and SUVmax (-2.49 (2.64) SUV (95% CI -8.20, 3.21; P = 0.362)) following acute cold exposure were similar between placebo and creatine supplementation. No side effects of creatine supplementation were reported; one participant experienced bowel complaints during placebo, which resolved without intervention. Our data show that creatine monohydrate supplementation in young, healthy, lean, vegetarian adults does not enhance BAT activation after acute cold exposure.

Nature Metabolism published new progress about Body mass index. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Synthetic Route of 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Rizk, Dana V. published the artcileGlomerular immunodeposits of patients with IgA nephropathy are enriched for IgG autoantibodies specific for galactose-deficient IgA1, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is IgG IgA1 PLA2R autoantibody galactose IgA nephropathy; IgA nephropathy; autoantibody; biomarker; immunodeposits.

Background: IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the leading primary GN worldwide. The disease is thought to result from glomerular deposition of circulating immune complexes of IgG bound to galactose-deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1). However, routine immunofluorescence microscopy fails to detect IgG in many kidney biopsies from patients with IgAN and the specificity of IgG in immunodeposits has not been tested. Methods: We used remnant frozen kidney-biopsy specimens from 34 patients with IgAN; 14 were IgG-pos. and 20 were IgG-neg. by routine immunofluorescence microscopy. Six patients with primary membranous nephropathy (MN) and eight with lupus nephritis (LN) served as controls. IgG in the kidney tissue was extracted and its amount determined by ELISA. IgG mol. integrity was assessed by SDS-PAGE immunoblotting. Antigenic specificity of extracted IgG was determined by ELISA using phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) or Gd-IgA1 as antigen. In addition, ten other IgAN cases, six IgG-pos. and four IgG-neg. by routine immunofluorescence, were used for colocalization studies by confocal microscopy. Results: IgG extracted from MN but not IgAN immunodeposits reacted with PLA2R. Conversely, IgG extracted from IgAN but not MN or LN immunodeposits reacted with Gd-IgA1. Even IgAN kidney-biopsy specimens without IgG by routine immunofluorescence microscopy had IgG specific for Gd-IgA1. Confocal microscopy confirmed the presence of IgG in the IgAN biopsies with colocalization of glomerular IgA and IgG. Conclusions: These results reveal for the first time that IgAN kidney biopsies, with or without IgG by routine immunofluorescence, contain Gd-IgA1-specific IgG autoantibodies. These findings support the importance of these autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of IgAN.

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology published new progress about Homo sapiens. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Batnini, Marwa published the artcileThe alternative oxidase pathway is involved in optimizing photosynthesis in Medicago truncatula infected by Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is Medicago fungal infection photosynthesis alternative oxidase.

Phytopathogen infection alters primary metabolism status and plant development. The alternative oxidase (AOX) has been hypothesized to increase under pathogen attack preventing reductions, thus optimizing photosynthesis and growth. In this study, two genotypes of Medicago truncatula, one relatively resistant (Jemalong A17) and one susceptible (TN1.11), were infected with Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani. The in vivo foliar respiratory activities of the cytochrome oxidase pathway (COP) and the alternative oxidase pathway (AOP) were measured using the oxygen isotope fractionation. Gas exchange and photosynthesis-related parameters were measured and calculated together with antioxidant enzymes activities and organic acids contents. Our results show that the in vivo activity of AOX (valt) plays a role under fungal infection. When infected with R. solani, the increase of valt in A17 was concomitant to an increase in net assimilation, in mesophyll conductance, to an improvement in the maximum velocity of Rubisco carboxylation and to unchanged malate content. However, under F. oxysporum infection, the induced valt was accompanied by an enhancement in the antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC1.15.1.1), catalase (CAT; EC1.11.1.6) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX; EC1.11.1.7), activities and to an unchanged tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates. These results provide new insight into the role of the in vivo activity of AOX in coordinating primary metabolism interactions that, partly, modulate the relative resistance of M. truncatula to diseases caused by soil-borne pathogenic fungi.

Physiologia Plantarum published new progress about Fungal plant disease. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Habibi, Ghader published the artcileComparison of CAM expression, photochemistry and antioxidant responses in Sedum album and Portulaca oleracea under combined stress, Product Details of C4H6O5, the main research area is CAM expression photochem antioxidant response Sedum plant stress.

Previous studies of crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) pathway during stress have been directed at individual drought and salinity stress, here, we studied the effects of a combination of drought and salt on CAM expression, chlorophyll fluorescence and antioxidant parameters in the C3-CAM facultative Sedum album and C4-CAM facultative Portulaca oleracea plants. While salinity alone was not able to induce functional CAM expression in P. oleracea leaves, we showed that salinity induced low level of nocturnal acid accumulation in S. album species. After 20 d of exposure to the combination of simultaneous salt and drought stress, P. oleracea plants exhibited more resistance to photoinhibition as compared to S. album plants. The decrease of maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) in S. album leaves under combined stress was in parallel with the largest suppression of CAM expression of >50%, probably displaying the withdrawal of functional CAM back to C3 pathway. However, under drought treatment alone, S. album plants exhibited higher photosynthetic flexibility, which was associated with the up-regulation of antioxidant enzymes activities and maintenance of glutathione (GSH) pool, and consequently higher photochem. functioning. The levels of nitric oxide (NO) correlated well with CAM expression, which was observed only in S. album, suggesting that NO acts in a different way in C3 and C4 species during CAM induction. Addnl., in both species, over the course of CAM induction, the changes in CAM expression parameters exhibited a similar pattern to that of antioxidant capacity and photochem. functioning parameters.

Physiologia Plantarum published new progress about C3 plants. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Product Details of C4H6O5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Sun, Chengliang published the artcileMelatonin ameliorates aluminum toxicity through enhancing aluminum exclusion and reestablishing redox homeostasis in roots of wheat, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is Triticum root melatonin aluminum toxicity redox homeostasis; aluminum; antioxidant; cell walls; exclusion; melatonin; tolerance.

Melatonin is a universal regulator modulating plant development and responses to abiotic stresses. The alteration and potential roles of melatonin in mediating aluminum (Al) tolerance were investigated in two wheat genotypes differing in Al resistance. Using the high-resolution mass spectrometry, we observed that melatonin contents in Xi Aimai-1 were 1.7-fold higher than that in Yangmai-5. Application of melatonin conferred Al resistance in both genotypes. Melatonin treatment scavenged reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and alleviated Al-induced oxidative damage to lipids and proteins by stimulating antioxidant enzymes and augmenting antioxidants. Addnl., melatonin treatment decreased root tip-Al contents by 19.0% and 15.5% in Xi Aimai-1 and Yangmai-5, resp. Malate efflux, however, was not altered by melatonin under Al stress. The amount of cell wall polysaccharide and pectin methylesterase activity was significantly increased by Al treatment; but suppressed by melatonin. Melatonin synthesis inhibitor, p-CPA, significantly increased the amount of the Al binding in cell walls of the tolerant genotype, whereas exogenous melatonin decreased cell wall Al content in the sensitive genotype. These results suggest that melatonin alleviated Al toxicity through augmenting antioxidants and inducing antioxidant enzymes to control ROS and enhancing exclusion of Al from root apex by altering cell wall polysaccharides in wheat.

Journal of Pineal Research published new progress about Bioaccumulation. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts