Month: December 2022

Demmelmayer, Paul published the artcileReactive extraction of lactic acid from sweet sorghum silage press juice, Name: n-Octanol, the main research area is sorghum silage lactic acid equilibrium juice.

Fermentation of residues or side streams can be used to produce valuable products, such as carboxylic acids. Reactive solvent extraction is widely studied as isolation method for lactic acid from fermentation broths. Here, we investigate the reactive extraction of lactic acid from sweet sorghum silage press juice using different extractants, modifiers, and diluents. Besides a high extraction efficiency, a low crud formation with this highly complex raw material is targeted. Depending on the solvent phase composition, an extraction efficiency of up to 41.1% was reached using DOA/ALIQ:1-octanol:n-nonane. The crud layer was highly influenced by the applied diluent and amounted to 2.6-42.3 vol% of the total mixture volume The back-extraction experiments showed, that up to 98.2% of lactic acid were recovered. Summarizing, the results show that reactive solvent extraction of lactic acid is applicable to highly complex process streams, and crud formation can be reduced by adjusting the solvent phase composition

Separation and Purification Technology published new progress about Carboxylic acids Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 111-87-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is n-Octanol, and the molecular formula is C8H18O, Name: n-Octanol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Perez, Dolores published the artcileGeneration of intra- and interspecific Saccharomyces hybrids with improved oenological and aromatic properties, Name: 3-(Methylthio)propan-1-ol, the main research area is Saccharomyces hybrid oenol aromatic property wine.

Non-wine yeasts could enhance the aroma and organoleptic profile of wines. However, compared to wine strains, they have specific intolerances to winemaking conditions. To solve this problem, we generated intra- and interspecific hybrids using a non-GMO technique (rare-mating) in which non-wine strains of S. uvarum, S. kudriavzevii and S. cerevisiae species were crossed with a wine S. cerevisiae yeast. The hybrid that inherited the wine yeast mitochondrial showed better fermentation capacities, whereas hybrids carrying the non-wine strain mitotype reduced ethanol levels and increased glycerol, 2,3-butanediol and organic acid production Moreover, all the hybrids produced several fruity and floral aromas compared to the wine yeast: β-phenylethyl acetate, iso-Bu acetate, γ-octalactone, Et cinnamate in both varietal wines. Sc x Sk crosses produced three- to sixfold higher polyfunctional mercaptans, 4-mercapto-4-methylpentan-2-one (4MMP) and 3-mercaptohexanol (3MH). We proposed that the exceptional 3MH release observed in an S. cerevisiae x S. kudriavzevii hybrid was due to the cleavage of the non-volatile glutathione precursor (Glt-3MH) to detoxify the cell from the presence of methylglyoxal, a compound related to the high glycerol yield reached by this hybrid. In conclusion, hybrid generation allows us to obtain aromatically improved yeasts concerning their wine parent. In addition, they reduced ethanol and increased organic acids yields, which counteracts climate change effect on grapes.

Microbial Biotechnology published new progress about Carboxylic acids Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 505-10-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 3-(Methylthio)propan-1-ol, and the molecular formula is C4H10OS, Name: 3-(Methylthio)propan-1-ol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Luan, Chunning published the artcileEffect of two-step fermentation with lactic acid bacteria and Saccharomyces cerevisiae on key chemical properties, molecular structure and flavor characteristics of horseradish sauce, Name: rel-(1R,2R,4R)-1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol, the main research area is horseradish sauce lactic acid bacteria Saccharomyces cerevisiae flavor.

To enhance the quality or, in other words, increase the variety of horseradish sauce, two-step fermentation using lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae is proposed for the production of the sauce. Total phenolics, acids and amino acid nitrogen contents were determined and used to assess the fermentation efficiency, while antioxidant activities, profiles of amino acids and volatile flavor compounds was used to indicate the quality of the sauce. Mol. structure determination as well as electronic tongue and sensory analyses were also conducted. Adding S. cerevisiae after 48 h of LAB fermentation resulted in higher fermentation efficiency. The sauce was noted to be fermented more fully, with increased content of amino acids by 23.10% compared with unfermented samples; its DPPH radical scavenging ability and reducing power increased by 26.26% and 33.33%, resp. The contents of alcs., esters and acids increased in the sauce. The electronic tongue and sensory evaluation showed that the sauce had good sensory quality.

LWT–Food Science and Technology published new progress about Acids Role: BUU (Biological Use, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study), USES (Uses). 124-76-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is rel-(1R,2R,4R)-1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol, and the molecular formula is C10H18O, Name: rel-(1R,2R,4R)-1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Li, Hongyan published the artcileEffect of the structural characterization of the fungal polysaccharides on their immunomodulatory activity, Computed Properties of 59-23-4, the main research area is immunomodulatory agent extracellular polysaccharide Aspergillus Sanguisorba Rumia Zizania; Extracellular polysaccharide; Fungus; Immunomodulatory activity; Structural characterization.

The immunomodulatory effects of the four extracellular polysaccharides, namely WPA, WPB, AP2A, and TP1A, which were isolated from the fermented broth of Aspergillus aculeatus, A. terreus and Trichoderma sp. KK19L1, were investigated in vitro. WPA, WPB, AP2A, and TP1A were not toxic to RAW264.7 cells. These polysaccharides enhanced cell viability. WPA, WPB, AP2A, and TP1A showed increased immunomodulatory effect by strengthening the phagocytic activity and enhancing the release of NO, TNF-α and IL-6 from RAW264.7 cells. WPA, WPB, AP2A, and TP1A exhibited different immunomodulatory activity in vitro due to their different structural characterizations, and their immunoregulatory effects decreased successively in the following order: WPA, WPB, AP2A, and TP1A. The extracellular polysaccharides WPA, WPB, AP2A, and TP1A had potent immunomodulatory effects and could be used as potential immunomodulatory agents in the fields of functional food and medicine.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules published new progress about Animal gene, TNFA Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Computed Properties of 59-23-4.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Park, Hae-Bin published the artcileDendritic cell-mediated cancer immunotherapy with Ecklonia cava fucoidan, HPLC of Formula: 59-23-4, the main research area is dendritic cell Ecklonia immunotherapy colorectal carcinoma; Anti-cancer; Dendritic cell; Ecklonia cava Fucoidan.

Fucoidan is known to exert immunomodulatory effects in animals and humans. Here, we extracted fucoidan from Ecklonia cava (ECF) and evaluated its immunostimulatory and anticancer activities in mice. Treatment with ECF resulted in the activation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) in vitro and splenic DCs in vivo. Moreover, the combination of ECF and ovalbumin (OVA) promoted OVA-specific T cell proliferation and cytokine production, which consequently suppressed B16-OVA tumor growth in vivo. The combination treatment with ECF and carcinoma self-antigen resulted in the inhibition of the growth of CT-26 carcinoma in mice through carcinoma antigen-specific immunity. Thus, ECF could function as an adjuvant for the induction of anticancer immunity.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules published new progress about Animal gene, TNFA Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, HPLC of Formula: 59-23-4.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Watson, McLane J. published the artcileMetabolic support of tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cells by lactic acid, SDS of cas: 97-67-6, the main research area is antitumor regulatory T cell lactic acid metabolism melanoma.

Regulatory T (Treg) cells, although vital for immune homeostasis, also represent a major barrier to anti-cancer immunity, as the tumor microenvironment (TME) promotes the recruitment, differentiation and activity of these cells1,2. Tumor cells show deregulated metabolism, leading to a metabolite-depleted, hypoxic and acidic TME3, which places infiltrating effector T cells in competition with the tumor for metabolites and impairs their function4-6. At the same time, Treg cells maintain a strong suppression of effector T cells within the TME7,8. As previous studies suggested that Treg cells possess a distinct metabolic profile from effector T cells9-11, we hypothesized that the altered metabolic landscape of the TME and increased activity of intratumoral Treg cells are linked. Here we show that Treg cells display broad heterogeneity in their metabolism of glucose within normal and transformed tissues, and can engage an alternative metabolic pathway to maintain suppressive function and proliferation. Glucose uptake correlates with poorer suppressive function and long-term instability, and high-glucose conditions impair the function and stability of Treg cells in vitro. Treg cells instead upregulate pathways involved in the metabolism of the glycolytic byproduct lactic acid. Treg cells withstand high-lactate conditions, and treatment with lactate prevents the destabilizing effects of high-glucose conditions, generating intermediates necessary for proliferation. Deletion of MCT1-a lactate transporter-in Treg cells reveals that lactate uptake is dispensable for the function of peripheral Treg cells but required intratumorally, resulting in slowed tumor growth and an increased response to immunotherapy. Thus, Treg cells are metabolically flexible: they can use ‘alternative’ metabolites in the TME to maintain their suppressive identity. Further, our results suggest that tumors avoid destruction by not only depriving effector T cells of nutrients, but also metabolically supporting regulatory populations.

Nature (London, United Kingdom) published new progress about Animal gene, IL-2 Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, SDS of cas: 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Liu, Jing-Yu published the artcileIsolation and structural characterization of a novel polysaccharide from Hericium erinaceus fruiting bodies and its arrest of cell cycle at S-phage in colon cancer cells, Synthetic Route of 59-23-4, the main research area is Hericium fruit body polysaccharide anticancer agent phase colon cancer; Anti-tumor activity; Hericium erinaceus polysaccharides; Structural characterization.

The fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus has been used to treat digestive system disorder-related diseases for over 2000 years in China. A novel polysaccharide, HEFP-2b, was obtained from H. erinaceus fruiting bodies. Phys. and chem. anal. showed that HEFP-2b consisted of fucose, galactose, glucose, and mannose in molar ratio of 11.81:22.82:44.28:21.09, and that its mol. weight was 3.252 × 104 Da. The backbone of HEFP-2b consisted of (→6)-linked-α-D-Glcp-(1→ and →4)-β-D-Galp-(1→and →3,6)-α-D-Manp linkage, with two side-branching units of (1→ and →6)-β-D-Galp and (1→ and →4)-α-D-Manp, terminated by Glc and Fuc. The results of the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and cell cycle arrest experiments revealed that HEFP-2b considerably inhibited the growth of colon cancer cells (HCT-116) in vitro. The growth inhibitory effects of HEFP-2b correlated with their ability to arrest the cell cycle at the S-phase. Our results will provide valuable information for future studies on HEFP-2b as a novel health-promoting functional food ingredient that can be used for treating colon cancer.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules published new progress about Animal gene, cdk2 Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Synthetic Route of 59-23-4.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Demiroz, Duygu published the artcileListeria monocytogenes infection rewires host metabolism with regulatory input from type I interferons, Product Details of C4H6O5, the main research area is type I interferon Listeria monocytogenes infection host metabolism.

Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) is a food-borne bacterial pathogen. Innate immunity to L. monocytogenes is profoundly affected by type I interferons (IFN-I). Here we investigated host metabolism in L. monocytogenes-infected mice and its potential control by IFN-I. Accordingly, we used animals lacking either the IFN-I receptor (IFNAR) or IRF9, a subunit of ISGF3, the master regulator of IFN-I-induced genes. Transcriptomes and metabolite profiles showed that L. monocytogenes infection induces metabolic rewiring of the liver. This affects various metabolic pathways including fatty acid (FA) metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation and is partially dependent on IFN-I signaling. Livers and macrophages from Ifnar1-/- mice employ increased glutaminolysis in an IRF9-independent manner, possibly to readjust TCA metabolite levels due to reduced FA oxidation Moreover, FA oxidation inhibition provides protection from L. monocytogenes infection, explaining part of the protection of Irf9-/- and Ifnar1-/- mice. Our findings define a role of IFN-I in metabolic regulation during L. monocytogenes infection. Metabolic differences between Irf9-/- and Ifnar1-/- mice may underlie the different susceptibility of these mice against lethal infection with L. monocytogenes.

PLoS Pathogens published new progress about Animal gene, CCL2 Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Product Details of C4H6O5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Wang, Yueming published the artcileOligosaccharide attenuates aging-related liver dysfunction by activating Nrf2 antioxidant signaling, Safety of (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, the main research area is liver dysfunction chitosan oligosaccharide antioxidant; D‐galactose; Nrf2 pathway; anti‐aging; chitosan oligosaccharide; liver.

Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) is the depolymerized product of chitosan possessing various biol. activities and protective effects against inflammation and oxidative injury. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antioxidant effects of COS supplements on aging-related liver dysfunction. We found that COS treatment significantly attenuated elevated liver function biomarkers and oxidative stress biomarkers and decreased antioxidative enzyme activities in liver tissues in D-galactose (D-gal)-treated mice. Furthermore, COS treatment significantly upregulated the expression of Nrf2 and its downstream target genes HO-1, NQO1, and CAT. Moreover, in vitro experiments showed that COS treatment played a vital role in protecting H2O2-exposed L02 cells against oxidative stress by activating Nrf2 antioxidant signaling. These data indicate that COS could protect against D-gal-induced hepatic aging by activating Nrf2 antioxidant signaling, which may provide novel applications for the prevention and treatment of aging-related hepatic dysfunction.

Food Science & Nutrition (Hoboken, NJ, United States) published new progress about Animal gene Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study) (CAT). 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Safety of (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Huamani, Luis Enrique Santa Cruz published the artcileRole of Protonation and Isomerism in the Supramolecular Architectures of Heteroaryl-2-imidazole Compounds: Crystal Packing Patterns and Energetics, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is azaarylimidazole isomer crystal structure packing protonation.

The influence of isomerism and protonation on crystal packing patterns of three isomeric heteroaryl-2-imidazoles and one related compound was investigated by using single-crystal X-ray diffraction and d. functional theory. The comparison of their crystal structures helped unveil the details of the energetic balance controlling supramol. packing and an unprecedented supramol. synthon. The neutral species were featured by a whole crystal close packing like a herringbone pattern, which was mainly favored by C-H···π interactions. On the other hand, the crystal packing of the protonated species was characterized by π-stacking layers being supported by π···π and anion-π interactions. Energy framework anal. revealed that both Coulombic interactions between hydrogen bond chains and dispersion energies mainly contributed to the stabilization of the herringbone pattern assembly, whereas a predominant contribution from Coulombic energy frameworks to total energy in protonated forms was observed The different patterns displayed pieces of evidence of not only the important participation of the heteroaryl moieties in the supramol. assembly but also the significant contribution of protonation hampering the N-H···N hydrogen bonding interactions in the imidazole group. A thorough characterization of the compounds by means of thermogravimetric anal., differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier-transform IR spectroscopy, NMR, and electrospray ionization-(+)-MS is also presented. The most characteristic crystal packing patterns of a series of N-heteroaryl-2-imidazole systems has been observed and analyzed. Neutral forms tend to pack in a herringbone pattern, whereas protonated forms tend to pack in parallel π-stacked layers. The imidazole fragments dominate the construction of the supramol. architectures through complex hydrogen bond networks. An unprecedented supramol. synthon was also found for one of the supramol. arrangements, and the energetics involved in the crystal packings was also assessed by theor. methods.

Crystal Growth & Design published new progress about Amines, salts Role: PRP (Properties), SPN (Synthetic Preparation), PREP (Preparation). 22483-09-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 2,2-Dimethoxyethanamine, and the molecular formula is C4H11NO2, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts