Month: December 2022

Galebach, Peter H. published the artcileProduction of renewable alcohols from maple wood using supercritical methanol hydrodeoxygenation in a semi-continuous flowthrough reactor, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is renewable alc maple wood supercritical methanol hydrodeoxygenation reactor.

Biomass conversion to alcs. using supercritical methanol depolymerization and hydrodeoxygenation (SCM-DHO) with CuMgAl mixed metal oxide is a promising process for biofuel production We demonstrate how maple wood can be converted at high weight loadings and product concentrations in a batch and a semi-continuous reactor to a mixture of C2-C10 linear and cyclic alcs. Maple wood was solubilized semi-continuously in supercritical methanol and then converted to a mixture of C2-C9 alcs. and aromatics over a packed bed of CuMgAlOx catalyst. Up to 95 wt% of maple wood can be solubilized in the methanol by using four temperature holds at 190, 230, 300, and 330°C. Lignin was solubilized at 190 and 230°C to a mixture of monomers, dimers, and trimers while hemicellulose and cellulose solubilized at 300 and 330°C to a mixture of oligomeric sugars and liquefaction products. The hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin were converted to C2-C10 alc. fuel precursors over a packed bed of CuMgAlOx catalyst with 70-80% carbon yield of the entire maple wood. The methanol reforming activity of the catalyst decreased by 25% over four beds of biomass, which corresponds to 5 turnovers for the catalyst, but was regenerable after calcination and reduction In batch reactions, maple wood was converted at 10 wt% in methanol with 93% carbon yield to liquid products. The product concentration can be increased to 20 wt% by partially replacing the methanol with liquid products. The yield of alcs. in the semi-continuous reactor was approx. 30% lower than in batch reactions likely due to degradation of lignin and cellulose during solubilization. These results show that solubilization of whole biomass can be separated from catalytic conversion of the intermediates while still achieving a high yield of products. However, close contact of the catalyst and the biomass during solubilization is critical to achieve the highest yields and concentration of products.

Green Chemistry published new progress about Alcohols Role: SPN (Synthetic Preparation), PREP (Preparation) (mono-alcs., C2-C6). 584-02-1 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 3-Pentanol, and the molecular formula is C5H12O, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Fujisawa, Koichi published the artcileSeasonal variations in photoperiod affect hepatic metabolism of medaka (Oryzias latipes), COA of Formula: C4H6O5, the main research area is Oryzias liver lipid metabolism climate photoperiod; fatty liver; medaka; metabolome; photoperiod; tricarboxylic acid cycle.

Organisms living in temperate regions are sensitive to seasonal variations in the environment; they are known to accumulate energy as fat in their livers during the winter when days are shorter, temparature are lower, and food is scarce. However, the effect of variations in photoperiod alone on hepatic lipid metabolism has not been well studied. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed lipid metabolism in the liver of medaka, Oryzias latipes, while varying the length of days at constant temparature. Larger amounts of fatty acids accumulated in the liver after 14 days under short-day conditions than under long-day conditions. Metabolome anal. showed no accumulation of long-chain unsaturated fatty acids, but showed a significant accumulation of long-chain saturated fatty acids. Short-day conditions induced a reduction in the levels of succinate, fumarate, and malate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, decreased expression of PPARα, and decreased accumulation of acylcarnitine, which suggested inhibition of lipolysis. In addition, transparent medaka fed on a high-fat diet under short-day conditions exhibited greater amounts of fat accumulation and developed fatty liver. The findings of our study will be useful for creating a medaka hepatic steatosis model for future studies of hepatic steatosis-related diseases.

FEBS Open Bio published new progress about Acylcarnitines Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, COA of Formula: C4H6O5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Lv, Qing-Qing published the artcileStructural characterization, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of polysaccharides from wheat bran, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is alphaamylase alphaglucosidase glucose galactose arabinose wheat bran; Polysaccharide; Structural characterization; Wheat bran; α-Amylase; α-Glucosidase.

In this study, two polysaccharide fractions were isolated from wheat bran by sequential extraction with water and alk. solution, DEAE Cellulose-52 chromatog. and Sephacryl S-400 gel permeation chromatog., they were named as WXA-1 and AXA-1, resp. Structural analyses indicated that both polysaccharide fractions were heteropolysaccharides, their average mol. weights were 193 kDa and 107 kDa, resp. The backbone of WXA-1 was → 4-β-D-Xylp-1→, which was substituted at O-3 positions by arabinose, glucose and galactose residues, while the backbone of AXA-1 was → 4-β-D-Xylp-1→, which was mainly substituted at O-3 positions by arabinose. AXA-1 exerted a stronger inhibitory effect on the activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase compared with WXA-1. Moreover, AXA-1 exhibited a competitive inhibition of α-amylase and a mixed-type noncompetitive inhibition of α-glucosidase. These results suggest that AXA-1 can be used as α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors.

Food Chemistry published new progress about Polysaccharides Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Xu, Danping published the artcileExtraction, purification and antioxidant activity of polysaccharide from cold pressed oil cake of ‘Tengjiao’ seed, Safety of (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, the main research area is Zanthoxylum polysaccharide antioxidant monosaccharide; Antioxidant activity; Cold pressed oil cake; Polysaccharide.

Tengjiao (Zanthoxylum armatum DC.) seed cold pressed oil cake (CPC), the main byproduct of the cold-pressed oil process, is mainly used for animal feed or crop fertilizer, resulting in a great waste of resources. To improve the added value, the CPC polysaccharide (CPCP) was extracted and purified, and its antioxidant activity was studied. The extraction conditions by microwave assisted extraction, and purification conditions by trichloroacetic acid and polyamide column chromatog. treatment were optimized. High performance liquid chromatog. and Fourier transforms IR were applied to characterize the primary structural features. And the antioxidant activity was analyzed by detecting the reducing power, and scavenging activity on radical of superoxide anion, DPPH and ABTS. The results showed that, under the optimal extraction conditions (liquid-to-solid ratio 44 mL/g, processing time 16 min, microwave power 500 W and extraction temperature 80°C), and the optimal purification conditions, the extract rate of crude CPCP reached 4.76 ± 0.07%, and the purity increased from 48.52 ± 2.76% to 93.76 ± 2.06%. CPCP was mainly water-soluble pyranose with α-configuration, and composed of five kinds of monosaccharides including L-Rhamnose, D-Glucuronic acid, D-Glucose, D-Galactose and D-(-)-Arabinose. CPCP displayed certain degree of antioxidant activity, revealing the potential development and utilization value as antioxidants.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules published new progress about Monosaccharides Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Safety of (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Zhang, Hui published the artcileAn amendment to the fine structure of galactoxyloglucan from Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) seed, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is Tamarindus seed galactoxyloglucan glucose xylose galactose; Fine structure; MALDI-TOF MS; NMR spectroscopy; Polysaccharide; Tamarind seed.

A polysaccharide from tamarind seeds (TSP) was characterized in terms of backbone and side chain structural features, as well as conformational property using methylation and GC-MS anal., 2D NMR, MALDI-TOF MS, and high performance size exclusion chromatog. (HPSEC). Results showed that TSP was a galactoxyloglucan (GXG) consisting of glucose, xylose, and galactose in a molar ratio of 3.1: 1.7: 1.0. The Mw was determined to be 524.0 kDa with radius of gyration (Rg) of 55.6 nm. The chem. structure was confirmed as a classical β-(1 → 4)-glucan with short side chains of T-β-Galp-(1 → 2)-α-Xylp-(1 → and T-α-Xylp-(1 → attached to O-6 position of glucose. MALDI-TOF MS anal. indicated that TSP mainly composed of nonasaccharide (XLLG) and octasaccharide (XLXG or XXLG) blocks in periodic or interrupted sequence in a ratio of 3: 2, occasionally interrupted by heptasaccharide (XXXG), hexasaccharide (XLG or XXGG), or even hendesaccharide blocks. Conformational study indicated that TSP was in a random-coil shape with relative extended stiff chain in aqueous solution This study provided more evidences to make an amendment to the fine structure of tamarind GXG.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules published new progress about Hexasaccharides Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Zhang, Huan published the artcileSuperstretchable Dynamic Polymer Networks, Application of Pentaerythritol tetra(3-mercaptopropionate), the main research area is superstretchable dynamic polymer network; dynamic crosslinks; polymer network; superstretchability.

Superstretchable materials have many applications in advanced technol. fields but are difficult to stretch to more than 1000× their original length. A superstretchable dynamic polymer network that can be stretched to 13 000× its original length is designed. It is revealed that superstretchability of the polymer network is derived from the synergistic effect of two different types of dynamic bonds, including a small number of strong dynamic imine bonds to maintain the network integrity during stretching and a large number of weak ionic hydrogen bonds to dissipate energy. This approach provides new insights into the design of superstretchable polymers.

Advanced Materials (Weinheim, Germany) published new progress about Butadiene rubber Role: PRP (Properties), RCT (Reactant), RACT (Reactant or Reagent). 7575-23-7 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is Pentaerythritol tetra(3-mercaptopropionate), and the molecular formula is C17H28O8S4, Application of Pentaerythritol tetra(3-mercaptopropionate).

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Sun, Shuyang published the artcileSelection of a versatile Lactobacillus plantarum for wine production and identification and preliminary characterisation of a novel histamine-degrading enzyme, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is Lactobacillus wine histamine degrading enzyme.

In this study, a desirable and versatile Lactobacillus plantarum strain possessing great ability of L-malic acid consumption, biogenic amine degradation and resistance to wine harsh environment was obtained through successive screenings. Malolactic fermentation (MLF) in contaminated grape wine and cherry wine (supplemented with histamine, tyramine and cadaverine) conducted by this strain was finished within 24 and 18 days, resp., and the concentration of histamine, tyramine and cadaverine was decreased by over 57% following MLF. The enzyme from L. plantarum responsible for the amine degradation was purified to homogeneity by four steps including cell disruption, ammonium sulfate fractionation, an anion chromatog. and a gel filtration chromatog. Such enzyme was identified as glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) after N-terminal sequence anal. and protein Blast, a tetramer enzyme with a subunit mol. weight of 36 kDa. The optimum values of pH and temperature of this enzyme were at pH 7.5 and 40°C, and stable between pH 5.5-8.5 and 30-50°C.

International Journal of Food Science and Technology published new progress about Biogenic amines Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Zhao, Hongyu published the artcileEffects of inoculation timing and mixed fermentation with Pichia fermentans on Oenococcus oeni viability, fermentation duration and aroma production during wine malolactic fermentation, Recommanded Product: 3-(Methylthio)propan-1-ol, the main research area is oenococcus oeni pichia fermentan malolactic fermentation aroma production; Malolactic fermentation; Microbial interaction; Oenococcus oeni; P. fermentans; Wine aroma.

There has been a growing interest in developing co-inoculum of Oenococcus oeni and Saccharomyces cerevisiae/non-Saccharomyces for simultaneous malolactic fermentation (MLF) and alc. fermentation (AF) of wines. This study sought to elucidate the effects of two crucial factors (inoculation timing and paired yeast) on the fermentation performance and aroma production of Merlot wine. O. oeni used for MLF was concurrently or sequentially inoculated with two yeast cultures (i.e., single S. cerevisiae and mixed S. cerevisiae /Pichia fermentans H5Y-28) used for AF. Inoculation timing deternined the overall vinification duration, and conditioned the production of principle higher alcs., terpene and O. oeni-mediated volatiles. In contrast, paired yeast improved O. oeni viability, and showed significant effect on aromatic esters and volatile fatty acids. Possibly due to lower ethanol stress, co-inoculum allowed O. oeni to initiate MLF during AF, resulting in 45% reduction of total fermentation time. Meanwhile, O. oeni growth was stimulated by P. fermentans, with 1.7-fold of the maximum population higher than that in co-fermentation without P. fermentans. Such stimulation of O. oeni growth also occurred in sequential fermentation where P. fermentans had been replaced by S. cerevisiae. Only in sequential inoculum, P. fermentans induced high levels of 3-methylbutyl acetate, Et 3-methylbutanoate, Et hexanoate and Et octanoate, which may result in enhanced fresh fruity trait of wines. These findings suggested a pos. effect of P. fermentans H5Y-28 on O. oeni and MLF. This work provides an alternative approach to improve wine MLF and aroma outcomes using friendly non-Saccharomyces yeast with appropriate inoculation strategy.

Food Research International published new progress about Aromatic esters Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 505-10-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 3-(Methylthio)propan-1-ol, and the molecular formula is C4H10OS, Recommanded Product: 3-(Methylthio)propan-1-ol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Czyrski, Andrzej published the artcileThe spectrophotometric determination of lipophilicity and dissociation constants of ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin, Application of n-Octanol, the main research area is ciprofloxacin levofloxacin spectrophotometry lipophilicity; Distribution; Lipophilicity; Partition coefficient; Partitioning.

Lipophilicity plays a significant role in the permeability of the drugs through cell membranes and impacts the drug activity in the human body. In this paper, the spectrophotometric method was used to determine the apparent partition coefficients of two amphoteric drugs: ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin. The apparent partition coefficient was determined with the classic shake-flask method with n-octanol according to OECD guidelines. The lipophilicity profiles in a wide range of pH were determined and described quant. with the quadratic function. Basing on the macro- and microdissocn. constants, the true partition coefficient for both drugs was calculated Both levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were lipophilic. The neutral forms, i.e., zwitterionic and uncharged, dominate in the pH relevant to the one in the intestines, the place from which they are absorbed.

Spectrochimica Acta, Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy published new progress about Fluoroquinolones Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 111-87-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is n-Octanol, and the molecular formula is C8H18O, Application of n-Octanol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Franich, Robert A. published the artcileConstituent acids of Pinus radiata stem cutin, Name: 17-Hydroxyheptadecanoic acid, the main research area is Pinus stem cutin carboxylic acid.

Stem cutin from P. radiata seedlings grown under winter and summer environmental conditions comprised n-alkanoic, (C10-C26), α,ω-alkanedioic (C14-C22), ω-hydroxyalkanoic (C12-C24), hydroxy-α,ω-alkanedioic, and polyhydroxyalkanoic acids. 9-Hydroxyheptadecane-1,17-dioic, 9-hydroxyoctadecene-1,18-dioic, 9-hydroxynonadecane-1,19-dioic, and 10,17-dihydroxyheptadecanoic acids are newly-identified constituents of gymnosperm cutin. Cutin grown under winter temperatures and photoperiod contained twice the amount of 9,16-dihydroxyhexadecanoic acid than that in summer-grown cutin, suggesting that the winter-grown cutin was formed from a highly crosslinked polymer, and that summer-grown cutin contained more linear polyester portions in the polymer.

Phytochemistry (Elsevier) published new progress about Carboxylic acids Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 13099-34-8 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 17-Hydroxyheptadecanoic acid, and the molecular formula is C17H34O3, Name: 17-Hydroxyheptadecanoic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts