Month: December 2022

Poliakova, Michaela published the artcileMetabolomics reveals tepotinib-related mitochondrial dysfunction in MET-activating mutations-driven models, Application In Synthesis of 97-67-6, the main research area is MET mutation tepotinib metabolomics TCA cycle anticancer mitochondrial dysfunction; MET receptor tyrosine kinase; metabolism; mitochondria; non-targeted mass spectrometry; small molecule inhibitor.

Genetic aberrations in the hepatocyte growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase MET induce oncogenic addiction in various types of human cancers, advocating MET as a viable anticancer target. Here, we report that MET signaling plays an important role in conferring a unique metabolic phenotype to cellular models expressing MET-activating mutated variants that are either sensitive or resistant toward MET small mol. inhibitors. MET phosphorylation downregulated by the specific MET inhibitor tepotinib resulted in markedly decreased viability and increased apoptosis in tepotinib-sensitive cells. Moreover, prior to the induction of MET inhibition-dependent cell death, tepotinib also led to an altered metabolic signature, characterized by a prominent reduction of metabolite ions related to amino sugar metabolism, gluconeogenesis, glycine and serine metabolism, and of numerous TCA cycle-related metabolites such as succinate, malate, and citrate. Functionally, a decrease in oxygen consumption rate, a reduced citrate synthase activity, a drop in membrane potential, and an associated misbalanced mitochondrial function were observed exclusively in MET inhibitor-sensitive cells. These data imply that interference with metabolic state can be considered an early indicator of efficient MET inhibition and particular changes reported here could be explored in the future as markers of efficacy of anti-MET therapies.

FEBS Journal published new progress about Amino sugars Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Application In Synthesis of 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Tan, Sze Chieh published the artcileA metal-organic framework of type MIL-101(Cr) for emulsification-assisted micro-solid-phase extraction prior to UHPLC-MS/MS analysis of polar estrogens, Recommanded Product: n-Octanol, the main research area is polar estrogen UHPLC MS micro solid phase extraction review; Endocrine disrupting compounds; Environmental water; Hormones; Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; Membrane-protected; Microextraction; Porous material; Sample preparation.

A seamless two-step extraction procedure integrating ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction (USAEME) and vortex-assisted micro-solid-phase extraction (μ-SPE) was developed. A highly porous metal-organic framework of type MIL-101(Cr) is used as the sorbent, and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatog. in combination with tandem mass spectrometry is used for detection. The steroid hormones estrone 17β-estradiol, estriol, and 17α-ethynylestradiol were extracted from water samples by using this method. These steroids are polar and do not pass through the polypropylene membrane that is conventionally used in μ-SPE. In the method presented here, 1-octanol is used in USAEME to extract and pre-concentrate the steroids. This facilitates the transfer to the MIL-101(Cr) phase retained by the membrane in the subsequent μ-SPE step. MIL-101(Cr) was characterized by various methods, and the parameters affecting the overall extraction efficiency were optimized. Under the most favorable conditions, the limits of detection are between 0.95 and 23 ng L-1. Good intra-day and inter-day precisions were obtained, with relative standard deviations of ≤ 9.9%. Enrichment factors are between 34 and 52. The method was applied to genuine environmental water samples in which estrone was detected. Relative recoveries ranged between 85.4% and 120.8%. [Figure not available: see fulltext.].

Microchimica Acta published new progress about Activated charcoal Role: TEM (Technical or Engineered Material Use), USES (Uses). 111-87-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is n-Octanol, and the molecular formula is C8H18O, Recommanded Product: n-Octanol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Zhu, Jiangxiong published the artcileComparison and structural characterization of polysaccharides from natural and artificial Se-enriched green tea, HPLC of Formula: 59-23-4, the main research area is green tea leaf polysaccharide selenium; Artificial Se-enriched tea polysaccharides; Characterization; Natural Se-enriched tea polysaccharides.

Se-enriched green tea has been widely used as a functional food and disease prevention. In this study, two kinds of homogeneous polysaccharides namely ASe-TPS2 and NSe-TPS2 were obtained from artificial and natural Se-enriched teas with the mol. weights of 6.73 × 103 Da and 2.44 × 105 Da. The structures of ASe-TPS2 and NSe-TPS2 were characterized by monosaccharide composition anal., partial acid hydrolysis, methylation, FT-IR spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy, SEM and TGA anal. It showed that ASe-TPS2 and NSe-TPS2 were acidic polysaccharides containing high amount of uronic acid. The structure of the ASe-TPS2 was mainly composed of β-D-(1 → 3)-Glcp, α-D-(1 → 4)-GalpA, (1 → 4)-Glcp, α-L-(1 → 2)-Rhap and α-D-(1 → 4)-GalpA, and the non-reducing ends were mainly composed of Araf and Xylp. However, the NSe-TPS2 was mainly composed of β-D-(1 → 4)-Glcp and α-D-(1 → 4)-GalpA, and the branches were mainly composed of β-L-(1 → 2)-Araf, α-D-(1 → 3)-Galp and β-L-(1 → 2)-Rhap whereas the non-reducing ends were mainly composed of Glcp and Galp residues. These results suggested that the distinction of selenylation methods could present different polysaccharide chain structures.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules published new progress about Glycoproteins Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, HPLC of Formula: 59-23-4.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Priestley, C. M. published the artcileLethality of essential oil constituents towards the human louse, Pediculus humanus, and its eggs, Recommanded Product: 2-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-5-methylcyclohexanol, the main research area is insecticide ovicide essential oil Pediculus humanus.

Essential oils have been widely used in traditional medicine for the eradication of lice, including head lice, but due to the variability of their constitution the effects may not be reproducible. In an attempt to assess the contribution of their component monoterpenoids, a range of common individual compounds were tested in in vitro toxicity model against both human lice (Pediculus humanus, an accepted model of head lice lethality) and their eggs, at different concentrations No detailed study into the relative potencies of their constituent terpenoids has so far been published. Adult lice were observed for lack of response to stimuli over 3 h and the LT50 calculated, and the percentage of eggs failing to hatch was used to generate ovicidal activity data. A ranking was compiled for adult lice and partially for eggs, enabling structure-activity relationships to be assessed for lethality to both, and showed that, for activity in both life-cycle stages, different structural criteria were required. (+)-Terpinen-4-ol was the most effective compound against adult lice, followed by other mono-oxygenated monocyclic compounds, whereas nerolidol was particularly lethal to eggs, but ineffective against adult lice.

Fitoterapia published new progress about Essential oils Role: AGR (Agricultural Use), BIOL (Biological Study), USES (Uses). 42822-86-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 2-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-5-methylcyclohexanol, and the molecular formula is C10H20O2, Recommanded Product: 2-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-5-methylcyclohexanol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Ozyagci, Bensu published the artcileEsterification of 1-Octanol on Clinoptilolite-Supported TiO2 Catalysts, Safety of n-Octanol, the main research area is octanol clinoptilolite supported titanium oxide catalyst esterification.

In this study, a natural type of zeolite, Clinoptilolite (CLI), is used as a support for TiO2. First, TiO2-supported heterogeneous catalysts originated from the high temperature calcination of TiCl4 groups, which were thermally immobilized on clinoptilolite, were obtained. Powder-XRD and EDX analyzes showed that the oxide form of Ti-immobilized on dealuminated clinoptilolite were formed in the anatase phase, and the zeolite structure was preserved. As seen in TGA/DTA analyzes, this catalyst could be efficient and have high stability for many reactions. Second, the esterification reaction of 1-octanol with acetic acid is used as a reference reaction for this catalyst.

Silicon published new progress about Clinoptilolite-type zeolites Role: CAT (Catalyst Use), USES (Uses) (dealuminated). 111-87-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is n-Octanol, and the molecular formula is C8H18O, Safety of n-Octanol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Spera, Iolanda published the artcileThe J2-Immortalized Murine Macrophage Cell Line Displays Phenotypical and Metabolic Features of Primary BMDMs in Their M1 and M2 Polarization State, COA of Formula: C4H6O5, the main research area is inflammation BMDM macrophage polarization phenotype metabolism; cell line; immortalized macrophages; immune model; inflammation; macrophage; metabolism.

Macrophages are immune cells that are important for the development of the defensive front line of the innate immune system. Following signal recognition, macrophages undergo activation toward specific functional states, consisting not only in the acquisition of specific features but also of peculiar metabolic programs associated with each function. For these reasons, macrophages are often isolated from mice to perform cellular assays to study the mechanisms mediating immune cell activation. This requires expensive and time-consuming breeding and housing of mice strains. To overcome this issue, we analyzed an inhouse J2-generated immortalized macrophage cell line from BMDMs, both from a functional and metabolic point of view. By assaying the intracellular and extracellular metabolism coupled with the phenotypic features of immortalized vs. primary BMDMs, we concluded that classically and alternatively immortalized macrophages display similar phenotypical, metabolic and functional features compared to primary cells polarized in the same way. Our study validates the use of this immortalized cell line as a suitable model with which to evaluate in vitro how perturbations can influence the phenotypical and functional features of murine macrophages.

Cancers published new progress about CD38 antigens Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, COA of Formula: C4H6O5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Cheng, Gang published the artcilePotent inhibition of tumour cell proliferation and immunoregulatory function by mitochondria-targeted atovaquone, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is cancer cell mitochondrial complex III atovaquone antiproliferative triphenylphosphonium.

Abstract: The FDA-approved prophylactic antimalarial drug atovaquone (ATO) recently was repurposed as an antitumor drug. Studies show that ATO exerts a profound antiproliferative effect in several cancer cells, including breast, ovarian, and glioma. Analogous to the mechanism of action proposed in parasites, ATO inhibits mitochondrial complex III and cell respiration. To enhance the chemotherapeutic efficacy and oxidative phosphorylation inhibition, we developed a mitochondria-targeted triphenylphosphonium-conjugated ATO with varying alkyl side chains (Mito4-ATO, Mito10-ATO, Mito12-ATO, and Mito16-ATO). Results show, for the first time, that triphenylphosphonium-conjugated ATO potently enhanced the antiproliferative effect of ATO in cancer cells and, depending upon the alkyl chain length, the mol. target of inhibition changes from mitochondrial complex III to complex I. Mito4-ATO and Mito10-ATO inhibit both pyruvate/malate-dependent complex I and duroquinol-dependent complex III-induced oxygen consumption whereas Mito12-ATO and Mito16-ATO inhibit only complex I-induced oxygen consumption. Mitochondrial target shifting may have immunoregulatory implications.

Scientific Reports published new progress about CD25 antigens Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Xia, Chengfeng published the artcileThio-isoglobotrihexosylceramide, an Agonist for Activating Invariant Natural Killer T Cells, Formula: C9H16O6, the main research area is thioisoglobotrihexosylceramide natural killer T cell activation.

Thio-isoglobotrihexosylceramide (S-iGb3) might be resistant to α-galactosidases in antigen-presenting cells and have a longer retaining time in the lysosome before being loaded to CD1d. The biol. assay showed that S-iGb3 demonstrates a much higher increase as a stimulatory ligand toward invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells as compared to iGb3.

Organic Letters published new progress about CD1d antigens Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 2595-07-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-(Allyloxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol, and the molecular formula is C9H16O6, Formula: C9H16O6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Park, Hye-Ryung published the artcileSignaling pathway and structural features of macrophage-activating pectic polysaccharide from Korean citrus, Cheongkyool peels, Name: (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, the main research area is Cheongkyool peel macrophage pectic polysaccharide signaling; Cheongkyool; MAPK; NF-κB; Polysaccharide; Rhamnogalacturonan-I.

To characterize the immuno-stimulating ingredient from the Korean citrus, Cheongkyool, a crude polysaccharide (CCE-0) was isolated from the pectinase digests of Cheongkyool peels, from which the complex polysaccharide CCE-I was purified to homogeneity by gel filtration. CCE-I highly enhanced the production of IL-6, TNF-α, and NO in RAW 264.7 cell lines. It augmented the mRNA expression of IL-6, TNF-α, and iNOS in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, CCE-I dose-dependently induced phosphorylation of MAPKs and NF-κB related proteins and led to the nuclear translocation of p65. The effect of CCE-I on NO and IL-6 production was suppressed by treatment with specific antibodies for TLR2, TLR4, and scavenger receptors. Conversely, the primary structure of CCE-I that exhibited potent immunostimulatory activity was characterized by sugar composition, linkage anal., and oligosaccharide anal. after β-elimination. The results suggested that CCE-I may be a rhamnogalacturonan-I type, highly branched polysaccharide with short arabinan and galactan side chains.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules published new progress about CD14 antigens Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Name: (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Zhang, Bo published the artcileEndogenous calcium attenuates the immunomodulatory activity of a polysaccharide from Lycium barbarum L. leaves by altering the global molecular conformation, Computed Properties of 59-23-4, the main research area is Lycium leaf macrophage calcium heteropolysaccharide immunomodulation; Conformation; FTIR; Goji; Macrophage; Mannose; Uronic acid.

A heteropolysaccharide, LP5, was purified from Lycium barbarum L. leaves. It was identified as a calcium-rich polysaccharide (8.6 mg calcium/g) with a mol. weight of 2.50 × 105 Da. The polysaccharide was composed of six kinds of monosaccharides, of which mannose and xylose are the main components. And it contains 16.37% glucuronic acid. Studies on RAW264.7 cells demonstrated that this polysaccharide exhibited potent immunomodulatory activity, including an increase in phagocytic activity, as well as the release of both nitric oxide and cytokines. However, after the depletion of calcium, the polysaccharide exhibited greater immunomodulatory activity (p < 0.05). Further conformation anal. confirmed that the polysaccharide changed from a compact spherical conformation to a random coil structure in aqueous solution after the depletion of calcium, which resulted in increased immunomodulatory activity by LP5. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules published new progress about Carbohydrates Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Computed Properties of 59-23-4.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts