Month: December 2022

Flores, Monica published the artcileMeaty aroma notes from free amino acids and thiamine in nitrite-reduced, dry-fermented, yeast-inoculated sausages, Name: 3-(Methylthio)propan-1-ol, the main research area is thiamine amino acid nitrite dry fermented yeast sausage aroma; Amino acid; Dry sausage; Nitrite; Savoury; Thiamine; Yeast.

The contribution of free amino acids and thiamine to the production of potent meat aroma compounds in nitrite-reduced, dry-fermented sausages inoculated with a D. hansenii strain was the objective of this study. For this, three different sausage formulations were manufactured; a control and two formulations reduced by half in nitrate and nitrite and one of them inoculated with D. hansenii. Free amino acids, thiamine content and savoury volatile compounds were analyzed. Eleven savoury volatile compounds were quantitated. Among them, the most potent compounds above their odor thresholds were 2-methyl-3-furanthiol, 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, methional, di-Me trisulfide and methyl-2-methyl-3-furyl disulfide. Their generation was affected by D. hansenii inoculation as shown by the decrease in methional and Me 2-methyl-3-furyl disulfide content, and the increase of methionol. Nitrate and nitrite reduction did not significantly affect amino acid and thiamine contents.

Food Chemistry published new progress about Amino acids Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 505-10-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 3-(Methylthio)propan-1-ol, and the molecular formula is C4H10OS, Name: 3-(Methylthio)propan-1-ol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Walker, Robert P. published the artcileGluconeogenesis in Plants: A Key Interface between Organic Acid/Amino Acid/Lipid and Sugar Metabolism, Safety of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is Review plant amino acid lipid sugar metabolism gluconeogenesis; gluconeogenesis; malate; malic enzyme; nitrogen metabolism; organic acids; phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase; pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase; vacuole.

Gluconeogenesis is a key interface between organic acid/amino acid/lipid and sugar metabolism The aims of this article are four-fold. First, to provide a concise overview of plant gluconeogenesis. Second, to emphasize the widespread occurrence of gluconeogenesis and its utilization in diverse processes. Third, to stress the importance of the vacuolar storage and release of Krebs cycle acids/nitrogenous compounds, and of the role of gluconeogenesis and malic enzyme in this process. Fourth, to outline the contribution of fine control of enzyme activity to the coordinate-regulation of gluconeogenesis and malate metabolism, and the importance of cytosolic pH in this.

Molecules published new progress about Amino acids Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Safety of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Li, Gen published the artcileMechanisms of motor symptom improvement by long-term Tai Chi training in Parkinson’s disease patients, Safety of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is metabolome HIP2 IL1b neurotransmitter Parkinson disease training; Brain network; Mechanism; Motor symptoms; Parkinson’s disease; Tai Chi.

Tai Chi has been shown to improve motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD), but its long-term effects and the related mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effects of long-term Tai Chi training on motor symptoms in PD and the underlying mechanisms. Ninety-five early-stage PD patients were enrolled and randomly divided into Tai Chi (n = 32), brisk walking (n = 31) and no-exercise (n = 32) groups. At baseline, 6 mo and 12 mo during one-year intervention, all participants underwent motor symptom evaluation by Berg balance scale (BBS), Unified PD rating-scale (UPDRS), Timed Up and Go test (TUG) and 3D gait anal., functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), plasma cytokine and metabolomics anal., and blood Huntingtin interaction protein 2 (HIP2) mRNA level anal. Longitudinal self-changes were calculated using repeated measures ANOVA. GEE (generalized estimating equations) was used to assess factors associated with the longitudinal data of rating scales. Switch rates were used for fMRI anal. False discovery rate correction was used for multiple correction. Participants in the Tai Chi group had better performance in BBS, UPDRS, TUG and step width. Besides, Tai Chi was advantageous over brisk walking in improving BBS and step width. The improved BBS was correlated with enhanced visual network function and downregulation of interleukin-1β. The improvements in UPDRS were associated with enhanced default mode network function, decreased L-malic acid and 3-phosphoglyceric acid, and increased adenosine and HIP2 mRNA levels. In addition, arginine biosynthesis, urea cycle, tricarboxylic acid cycle and beta oxidation of very-long-chain fatty acids were also improved by Tai Chi training. Long-term Tai Chi training improves motor function, especially gait and balance, in PD. The underlying mechanisms may include enhanced brain network function, reduced inflammation, improved amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism and neurotransmitter metabolism, and decreased vulnerability to dopaminergic degeneration.

Translational Neurodegeneration published new progress about Amino acids Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Safety of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Dimos, Nicole published the artcileCryoEM analysis of small plant biocatalysts at sub-2 Å resolution, COA of Formula: C10H18O, the main research area is Salvia borneol dehydrogenase BDH2 BDH1 cryo electron microscopy; borneol dehydrogenases; camphor; cryo-electron microscopy; green chemistry; high resolution; plant biocatalysts; terpenes.

Enzyme catalysis has emerged as a key technol. for developing efficient, sustainable processes in the chem., biotechnol. and pharmaceutical industries. Plants provide large and diverse pools of biosynthetic enzymes that facilitate complex reactions, such as the formation of intricate terpene carbon skeletons, with exquisite specificity. High-resolution structural anal. of these enzymes is crucial in order to understand their mechanisms and modulate their properties by targeted engineering. Although cryo-electron microscopy (cryoEM) has revolutionized structural biol., its applicability to high-resolution structural anal. of comparatively small enzymes has so far been largely unexplored. Here, it is shown that cryoEM can reveal the structures of plant borneol dehydrogenases of ∼120 kDa at or below 2 Å resolution, paving the way for the rapid development of new biocatalysts that can provide access to bioactive terpenes and terpenoids.

Acta Crystallographica, Section D: Structural Biology published new progress about Amino acids Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 124-76-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is rel-(1R,2R,4R)-1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol, and the molecular formula is C10H18O, COA of Formula: C10H18O.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Brizuela, N. S. published the artcileInfluence of Patagonian Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Oenococcus oeni strains on sensory perception of Pinot Noir wine after malolactic fermentation, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is Lactiplantibacillus Oenococcus Pinot Noir wine sensory perception malolactic fermentation.

Background and Aims : The aim of this work was to study the effect of two Patagonian malolactic starters, Oenococcus oeni UNQOe 73.2 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum UNQLp 11, on the wine composition and sensory perception after MLF of Pinot Noir wine. Methods and Results : Both strains increased the concentration of procyanidin, diminished the concentration of phenolic substances and increased the color intensity of the wine after MLF. The volatile profile of both strains differed to that of the Control, particularly the esters, vanillin and some terpenes. The attributes acidity and astringency, black and dried fruits and spicy attributes were features of the wine fermented with both strains. Conclusions : Both strains were able to conduct MLF, to increase color intensity and to change the flavor of the wine with some differences. The wine fermented with UNQLp 11 had a greater frequency of bitterness, whereas the wine fermented with UNQOe 73.2 had a greater frequency of butter. Significance of the Study : Knowledge of the effect of Patagonian starter cultures on consumer perception of the wine after fermentation has been improved.

Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research published new progress about Amino acids Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Chen, Guangjing published the artcileComparison of different extraction methods for polysaccharides from bamboo shoots (Chimonobambusa quadrangularis) processing by-products, Name: (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, the main research area is Chimonobambusa shoot polysaccharide yield uronic acid antioxidant; Antioxidant activity; Chemical structure; Chimonobambusa quadrangularis polysaccharides; Extraction methods; Physicochemical property.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influences of extraction methods on the yield, chem. structure and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from bamboo shoots (Chimonobambusa quadrangularis) processing byproducts (CPS). CPSs were extracted by using five methods including hot water extraction (HWE), accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE). The exptl. results showed that the uronic acid contents, monosaccharide contents, mol. weights and antioxidant activities of the five CPSs were significantly different. CPS extracted using ASE method (ASE-CPS) possessed the highest extraction yield (9.94%), the highest medium-high-mol.-weight value (136.07 kDa) and notable antioxidant ability. UAE-CPS had the highest uronic acid (9.42%) and the lowest medium-high-mol. weight value (117.49 kDa), and its antioxidant activity was the best. Based on the correlation anal., the higher uronic acid content, smaller mol. weight, and lower content of monosaccharide composition of glucose for the CPS-UAE might contribute to its higher antioxidant activity. From an industrial viewpoint, ASE technique could be a promising and alternative way to extract CPS due to its high yield, notable antioxidant activity, and convenient industrialization.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules published new progress about Amino acids Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Name: (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Lema, Kimberley A. published the artcileInter- and intra-specific transcriptional and phenotypic responses of Pseudo-nitzschia under different nutrient conditions, Safety of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is Pseudo nitzschia transcription phenotype nutrient; Pseudo-nitzschia ; divergence; nutrients; phenotype; transcriptomics.

Untangling the functional basis of divergence between closely related species is a step toward understanding species dynamics within communities at both the evolutionary and ecol. scales. We investigated cellular (i.e., growth, domoic acid production, and nutrient consumption) and mol. (transcriptomic analyses) responses to varying nutrient concentrations across several strains belonging to three species of the toxic diatom genus Pseudo-nitzschia. First, strains from the same species displayed similar transcriptomic, but not necessarily cellular, responses to the exptl. conditions. It showed the importance of considering intraspecific diversity to investigate functional divergence between species. Second, a major exception to the first finding was a strain recently isolated from the natural environment and displaying contrasting gene expression patterns related to cell motility and domoic acid production This result illustrated the profound modifications that may occur when transferring a cell from the natural to the in vitro environment and asks for future studies to better understand the influence of culture duration and life cycle on expression patterns. Third, transcriptomic responses were more similar between the two species displaying similar ecol. in situ, irresp. of the genetic distance. This was especially true for mol. responses related to TCA cycle, photosynthesis, and nitrogen metabolism However, transcripts related to phosphate uptake were variable between species.

Genome Biology and Evolution published new progress about Amino acids Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Safety of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Gao, Yaping published the artcilePhotosynthetic and metabolic responses of eelgrass Zostera marina L. to short-term high-temperature exposure, Application In Synthesis of 97-67-6, the main research area is zostera photosynthetic physiol metabolic response temperature membrane system.

In recent years, extreme heat events have occurred worldwide and the ocean temperature has been rising, causing stress on the photosynthesis and growth of seagrass. Metabolomics enables detection of metabolic changes under environmental stress. In this study, the photosynthetic physiol. and metabolic changes of the eelgrass Zostera marina L. in response to 48 h exposure to 32°C were investigated. The results showed that high temperature induced significant inhibition of photosynthetic efficiency (Δ F / F’m ) (23.9% lower than the control), enhanced respiration (58.3% higher), and decreased carbohydrate decomposition products and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediate products, indicating that the energy supply of the eelgrass may be insufficient at high temperature In addition, high temperature decreased stearic acid and linoleic acid in eelgrass, suggesting the composition of the membrane system of eelgrass may change at high temperature and implying that high temperature may cause the membrane system to be unstable.

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology published new progress about Amino acids Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Application In Synthesis of 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Boettcher, C. published the artcilePost-veraison restriction of phloem import into Riesling (Vitis vinifera L.) berries induces transient and stable changes to fermentation-derived and varietal wine volatiles, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is Vitis phloem import wine volatile fermentation.

Background and Aims : The climate-change driven uncoupling of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) berry ‘sugar-ripeness’ and ‘flavor-ripeness’ necessitates an improved understanding of the sugar/flavor nexus. Methods and Results : Anal. of grape metabolites and wine volatiles derived from Riesling berries of peduncle-girdled and Control bunches over the course of 30 days provided time-dependent insights into changes to grape and wine composition associated with phloem import. Girdling resulted in stable berry mass and concentration of sugar and cytokinin and in reduced concentration of amino acids. Such changes to grape composition correlated with a lasting increase in wine monoterpenoids and a transient reduction in fermentation-derived wine volatiles. Conclusions : Oxidative stress and restricted amino acid import, not sugar accumulation, were identified as possible elicitors for the increased accumulation of varietal wine aroma compounds in Riesling. Significance of the Study : The concentration and composition of berry amino acids and cytokinin concentration in grapes during the later stages of rapid sugar accumulation may represent potential targets for vineyard management strategies and grapevine breeding to counter climate-change driven modifications to the wine volatile profile of aromatic cultivars.

Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research published new progress about Amino acids Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 505-10-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 3-(Methylthio)propan-1-ol, and the molecular formula is C4H10OS, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Eckert, Andrew J. published the artcileAssociation genetics of the loblolly pine (Pinus taeda, Pinaceae) metabolome, Computed Properties of 64519-82-0, the main research area is genetics loblolly pine Pinus metabolome.

The metabolome of a plant comprises all small mol. metabolites, which are produced during cellular processes. The genetic basis for metabolites in nonmodel plants is unknown, despite frequently observed correlations between metabolite concentrations and stress responses. A quant. genetic anal. of metabolites in a nonmodel plant species is thus warranted. Here, we use standard association genetic methods to correlate 3563 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to concentrations of 292 metabolites measured in a single loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) association population. A total of 28 single locus associations were detected, representing 24 and 20 unique SNPs and metabolites, resp. Multilocus Bayesian mixed linear models identified 2998 addnl. associations for a total of 1617 unique SNPs associated to 255 metabolites. These SNPs explained sizeable fractions of metabolite heritabilities when considered jointly (56.6% on average) and had lower minor allele frequencies and magnitudes of population structure as compared with random SNPs. Modest sets of SNPs (n = 1-23) explained sizeable portions of genetic effects for many metabolites, thus highlighting the importance of multi-SNP models to association mapping, and exhibited patterns of polymorphism consistent with being linked to targets of natural selection. The implications for association mapping in forest trees are discussed.

New Phytologist published new progress about Amino acids Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 64519-82-0 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (3R,4R,5R)-6-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)hexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentaol, and the molecular formula is C12H24O11, Computed Properties of 64519-82-0.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts