Month: December 2022

Cannon, Daniel T. published the artcileSkeletal myofiber VEGF deficiency leads to mitochondrial, structural, and contractile alterations in mouse diaphragm, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is mouse skeletal myofiber VEGF deficiency mitochondrial structural contractile alteration; diaphragm; fatigue; mitochondria.

Diaphragm dysfunction accompanies cardiopulmonary disease and impaired oxygen delivery. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) regulates oxygen delivery through angiogenesis, capillary maintenance, and contraction-induced perfusion. We hypothesized that myofiber-specific VEGF deficiency contributes to diaphragm weakness and fatigability. Diaphragm protein expression, capillarity and fiber morphol., mitochondrial respiration and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation, and contractile function were compared between adult mice with conditional gene ablation of skeletal myofiber VEGF (SkmVEGF-/-; n = 12) and littermate controls (n = 13). Diaphragm VEGF protein was ~50% lower in SkmVEGF-/- than littermate controls (1.45 ± 0.65 vs. 3.04 ± 1.41 pg/total protein; P = 0.001). This was accompanied by an ~15% impairment in maximal isometric specific force (F[1,23] ± 15.01, P = 0.001) and a trend for improved fatigue resistance (P = 0.053). Mean fiber cross-sectional area and type I fiber cross-sectional area were lower in SkmVEGF-/- by ~40% and ~25% (P < 0.05). Capillary-to-fiber ratio was also lower in SkmVEGF-/- by ~40% (P < 0.05), and thus capillary d. was not different. Sarcomeric actin expression was ~30% lower in SkmVEGF-/- (P > 0.05), whereas myosin heavy chain and MAFbx were similar (measured via immunoblot). Mitochondrial respiration, citrate synthase activity, PGC-1±, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1± were not different in SkmVEGF-/- (P > 0.05). However, mitochondrial-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) flux was lower in SkmVEGF-/- (P = 0.0003). In conclusion, myofiber-specific VEGF gene deletion resulted in a lower capillary-to-fiber ratio, type I fiber atrophy, actin loss, and contractile dysfunction in the diaphragm. In contrast, mitochondrial respiratory function was preserved alongside lower ROS generation, which may play a compensatory role to preserve fatigue resistance in the diaphragm. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Diaphragm weakness is a hallmark of diseases in which oxygen delivery is compromised. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) modulates muscle perfusion; however, it remains unclear whether VEGF deficiency contributes to the onset of diaphragm dysfunction. Conditional skeletal myofiber VEGF gene ablation impaired diaphragm contractile function and resulted in type I fiber atrophy, a lower number of capillaries per fiber, and contractile protein content. Mitochondrial function was similar and reactive oxygen species flux was lower. Diaphragm VEGF deficiency may contribute to the onset of respiratory muscle weakness.

Journal of Applied Physiology published new progress about Atrogin 1 Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Sabater, Carlos published the artcileUltrasound-assisted extraction of pectin from artichoke by-products. An artificial neural network approach to pectin characterisation, Application In Synthesis of 59-23-4, the main research area is Cynara pectin artificial neural network approach.

Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) byproducts can be used as a good source of pectin. The aim of this work was to compare different pectin extraction methods: power ultrasound (US), enzymes, combination of US and enzymes (US + E), and acids (nitric and sodium citrate). After 6 h, pectin yield was higher when US was applied in combination with Celluclast1.5 L (up to 13.9%). Structural characterization showed that US-extracted pectins had lower weight-average mol. weight (Mw) values (146-155 kDa) than pectin extracted with US + E (160-267 kDa) and acid-extracted pectin (329-352 kDa). Monomeric composition reflected that pectin extracted with acids had the highest galacturonic acid (GalA) contents (82.2-90.2%) and the lowest degree of branching [Rha/GalA] (0.026-0.031). Structural characteristics of the different pectins were modelled using two artificial neural networks (ANN) considering composition parameters (Model I) and pectin FT-IR spectra (Model II). In addition, a third ANN was built to determine differences and similarities in the GC-MS spectra of monomeric composition (identified and unidentified monosaccharides) (Model III) showing characteristic patterns with high accuracy rates (above 95% on the test set). Structural differences depending on the extraction method of pectin have been established and these models could be applied to pectin from other sources.

Food Hydrocolloids published new progress about Artichoke Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Application In Synthesis of 59-23-4.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Yang, Man published the artcileExtracellular vesicle glucose transporter-1 and glycan features in monocyte-endothelial inflammatory interactions, COA of Formula: C6H12O6, the main research area is endothelial cell inflammation monocyte extracellular vesicles GLUT1 glycan; Exosome; Extracellular vesicle; Glucose transporter-1; Glycan node analysis; Inflammation.

Monocyte-induced endothelial cell inflammation is associated with multiple pathol. conditions, and extracellular vesicles (EVs) are essential nanosized components of intercellular communication. EVs derived from endotoxin-stimulated monocytes were previously shown to carry pro-inflammatory proteins and RNAs. The role of glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1) and glycan features in monocyte-derived EV-induced endothelial cell inflammation remains largely unexplored. This study demonstrates that EVs derived from endotoxin-stimulated monocytes activate inflammatory pathways in endothelial cells, which are partially attributed to GLUT-1. Alterations in glycan features and increased levels of GLUT-1 were observed in EVs derived from endotoxin-stimulated monocytes. Notably, inhibition of EV-associated GLUT-1, through the use of fasentin, suppressed EV-induced inflammatory cytokines in recipient endothelial cells.

Nanomedicine (New York, NY, United States) published new progress about Annexin V Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, COA of Formula: C6H12O6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Patalas-Krawczyk, Paulina published the artcileEffects of plant alkaloids on mitochondrial bioenergetic parameters, Synthetic Route of 97-67-6, the main research area is plant alkaloid mitochondrial bioenergetic parameter nicotinic acetylcholine receptor; Alkaloids; Mitochondria; Mitochondria permeability transition pore; Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.

Mitochondria are among the first responders to various stress factors that challenge cell and tissue homeostasis. Various plant alkaloids have been investigated for their capacity to modulate mitochondrial activities. In this study, we used isolated mitochondria from mouse brain and liver tissues to assess nicotine, anatabine and anabasine, three alkaloids found in tobacco plant, for potential modulatory activity on mitochondrial bioenergetics parameters. All alkaloids decreased basal oxygen consumption of mouse brain mitochondria in a dose-dependent manner without any effect on the ADP-stimulated respiration. None of the alkaloids, at 1 nM or 1.25μM concentrations, influenced the maximal rate of swelling of brain mitochondria. In contrast to brain mitochondria, 1.25μM anatabine, anabasine and nicotine increased maximal rate of swelling of liver mitochondria suggesting a toxic effect. Only at 1 mM concentration, anatabine slowed down the maximal rate of Ca2+-induced swelling and increased the time needed to reach the maximal rate of swelling. The observed mitochondrial bioenergetic effects are probably mediated through a pathway independent of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, as quant. proteomic anal. could not confirm their expression in pure mitochondrial fractions isolated from mouse brain tissue.

Food and Chemical Toxicology published new progress about Alkaloids Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Synthetic Route of 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Rosa, D. published the artcilePhytochemical characteristics of white turmeric rhizome (Curcuma zedoaria (Berg.) Roscoe) essential oil from Lembang, West Java, Indonesia, Product Details of C10H18O, the main research area is Curcuma zedoaria essential oil phytochem characteristic.

White turmeric (Curcuma zedoaria) rhizome is widely used as a cooking and medicinal ingredient. It is important to determine the essential oil standard that is abundant in white turmeric to prevent adulteration. The results showed that the yield concentration of essential oil from C. zedoaria was 0.66% v/w with the following characteristics: brownies color, spicy taste, as well as sharp and specific aroma. The phytochem. screening result indicated that the essential oil contained alkaloid, flavonoid, triterpenoid, sesquiterpenoid, and quinone. Other phytochem. characteristics included sp. gr. value, optical rotation, refractive index, and sapofinication value which were 0.989 g/cm3, (+)15.19, 1.501, and 28.05 resp. C. zedoaria essential oil was soluble in 80% and 90% ethanol but not soluble in 50%, 60%, and 70% ethanol. Using GC-MS, twenty-one compounds were identified in the essential oil, of which camphor was the marker compound

International Journal of Agricultural Technology published new progress about Alkaloids Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 124-76-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is rel-(1R,2R,4R)-1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol, and the molecular formula is C10H18O, Product Details of C10H18O.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Gonulalan, Ekrem M. published the artcileMetabolomics and proteomics profiles of some medicinal plants and correlation with BDNF activity, Application of (3R,4R,5R)-6-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)hexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentaol, the main research area is Valeriana Melissa Passiflora BDNF neuroblastoma cell metabolomics proteomics; BDNF; GC–MS; LC-qTOF-MS; Medicinal plants; Metabolomics; Proteomics.

Identification of the low abundance of phytochems. in plant extracts is very difficult. Pharmacol. activity observed in such plants is not due to a single compound In most cases, plant extracts show activity based on synergistic or antagonistic effects. Therefore, the idea of a holistic approach is more rational. This study was planned to compare the metabolomics and proteomics profiles of Valeriana officinalis L.(Valerianaceae), Melissa officinalis L.(Lamiaceae), Hypericum perforatum L.(Hypericaceae) and Passiflora incarnata L.(Passifloraceae) used in sedative anxiolytic and sleep disorders. Integrated omics analyses were used to provide a better understanding of the effect of plant extracts on the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression levels on the SH-SY5Y cell line by a holistic approach. Metabolomic profiling of the plants was performed using the GC-MS and LC-qTOF-MS systems, and the proteomics anal. using the LC-qTOF-MS system after trypsin digestion. The Human BDNF Quantikine ELISA kit was utilized to test BDNF expression activity on the SH-SY5Y cell line. The investigated plant extracts showed a significant increase in BDNF expression (p < 0.05). M. officinalis was found as the most active extract According to the correlation analyses between BDNF activity and metabolomics or proteomics level, 94 metabolites had a pos. correlation while 23 metabolites had a highly neg. correlation; those for proteins are 24 and 6, resp. The multivariate data anal. revealed a similar metabolomics profile of H. perforatum and P. incarnata, which also had a similar activity profile. Remarkably, all the primary metabolites belonging to the Krebs Cycle (citric acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid, pyruvic acid, malic acid and citramalic acid, an analog of malic acid) were pos. correlated with BDNF activity. Secondary metabolites with a high BDNF expression belonged to flavonoids, xanthone, coumarines, tannin, naphtalenes, terpenoids and carotenoid skeleton. Two proteins from the cytochrome P 450 family (P 450 71B11 and P 450 94B3) were pos. correlated with BDNF activity. Employing omics technologies in the plant research area will offer a better understanding of the role of plant extracts and may lead to the discovery of new compounds with specific activity. Phytomedicine published new progress about Alkaloids Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 64519-82-0 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (3R,4R,5R)-6-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)hexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentaol, and the molecular formula is C12H24O11, Application of (3R,4R,5R)-6-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)hexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentaol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Minh, Nguyen Phuoc published the artcileInvestigation of instant soluble herb tea production from lotus (Nelumbo Nucifera) rhizome, Safety of (3R,4R,5R)-6-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)hexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentaol, the main research area is nelumbo soluble herb tea rhizome.

Rhizome of Nelumbo nucifera is known to contain different bioactive phytochem. constituents. The rhizomes are used as popular health food. Lotus rhizomes are composed of proteins, fats, carbohydrates and minerals and are good source of energy. The lotus rhizomes are popularly used as vegetables. The lotus rhizomes need to be exploited for the development of value added products. We investigated a production of instant soluble herb tea from lotus root by investigating the raw lotus root, method of extraction and spray drying to get an optimal processing protocol for herb tea production Our results showed that raw lotus root should be chopped and freeze-dried to 8% moisture; solvent for extraction of lotus root herb tea should be 30% ethanol: 1% acetic acid; ratio of solvent to material should be 8:1 in 24 h at 70°C by deep soaking. Spray drying conditions to get herb tea powder should be 6% maltodextrin as carrier; 140°C as drying temperature; 250 mL/h as volume of input feeding for spraying, 8% of isomalt as supplementation.

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research published new progress about Alkaloids Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 64519-82-0 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (3R,4R,5R)-6-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)hexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentaol, and the molecular formula is C12H24O11, Safety of (3R,4R,5R)-6-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)hexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentaol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Wang, Shuo published the artcileEffect of volatile compounds on the quality of miso (traditional Japanese fermented soybean paste), Application In Synthesis of 505-10-2, the main research area is volatile compound principal component analysis miso paste sensory evaluation; auality classification Glycine maximum.

Optimizing the extraction of volatile compounds and establishing their effect on sensory quality are vital for understanding the quality of miso. The extraction condition were optimized using three types of sample preparation strategy (raw, solution, and supernatant), and four extraction temperatures (35, 50, 65, and 80°C) for headspace gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry. The optimized extraction conditions used raw samples at 80°C which reliably detected the greatest number of volatile compounds in miso. These conditions were used to identify 46 volatile compounds in the flavor profiles of miso produced from 2015 to 2018. Correlations between the detected volatile compounds and the quality rankings based on sensory evaluation showed that the intensity of most detected volatile compounds, particularly aldehydes and esters, was pos. associated with miso quality. Principal component anal. on data from miso groups with different quality classifications clarified the contribution of the detected volatile compounds to miso quality.

LWT–Food Science and Technology published new progress about Aldehydes Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 505-10-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 3-(Methylthio)propan-1-ol, and the molecular formula is C4H10OS, Application In Synthesis of 505-10-2.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Hojjati, Fatemeh published the artcileLeaf essential oils and their application in systematics of Juniperus excelsa complex in Iran, COA of Formula: C10H18O, the main research area is Juniperus leaf essential oil Iran.

The composition of the leaf essential oils of ten populations of Juniperus excelsa complex in Iran are reported and compared. Hydrodistillation yielded in 0.08%-3.78% dry weight (v/w) clear oils among populations studied. The oils are mostly dominated by α- Pinene, Limonene and β-Myrcene. The simplest oil was found in Qushchi (J. polycarpos var. polycarpos) with 25 components and the most complex oil was found in Lushan1 (J. polycarpos var. polycarpos) with 92 components. Quant. data is presented for 164 components were found. The southern populations, Fasa and Khabr, show differences in composition of essential oils compared with other populations so that Borneol and isopinocamphone are diagnostic for them. These populations have been identified as Juniperus seravschanica in southeast of Iran and hybrid samples between J. polycarpos and J. seravschanica in southwest of Iran whereas other populations, as is confirmed in this study, are J. polycarpos. It is confirmed by essential oils data that there is no J. excelsa in Iran.

Biochemical Systematics and Ecology published new progress about Aldehydes Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 124-76-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is rel-(1R,2R,4R)-1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol, and the molecular formula is C10H18O, COA of Formula: C10H18O.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Russo, Giovanni L. published the artcileVolatile compounds, physicochemical and sensory characteristics of Colatura di Alici, a traditional Italian fish sauce, Quality Control of 505-10-2, the main research area is fatty carboxylic acid ketone pyrazine aroma Colatura di Alici; Garum; SPME-GC/MS; ancient food; aroma; fish sauce; sensory analysis.

BACKGROUND : The present study reports for the first time the phys., chem. and sensory characterization of a traditional fish sauce from Italy, called ‘Colatura di Alici’, which is considered to be the direct descendant of the ancient roman sauce ‘Garum’. RESULTS : Among the volatile compounds, carboxylic acids, aldehydes, sulfuric compounds and pyrazines were identified. The most abundant compounds identified were 3-methyl-butanoic acid, nonanal and 3-methyl-butanal. The sample A had the highest amount of volatile fatty acids (>250μg kg-1) and sample B had the highest concentration of aldehydes (>80μg kg-1). These volatile compounds arise from the long fermentation activity and oxidation of fatty acids of the fish flesh and are responsible for the strong cheesy and fishy aroma. The protein content ranged from 90 to 130 g kg-1, and the soluble solids ranged from 30 to 38°Brix, as a result of the high amount of NaCl used during processing. The sensory anal. showed a great intensity for the cheesy, fishy and umami attributes, and a medium intensity for the roasted and meaty attributes. CONCLUSION : For the first time, the volatile compounds and sensory characteristics of this traditional fish sauce are reported. The samples differ in terms of sensory and aromatic profiles. These differences are probably linked to the poorly standardized methods used in the production process. Overall, the results of the present study could be used by local fish sauce producers to monitor the quality of the product and to improve the production process. © 2020 Society of Chem. Industry.

Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published new progress about Aldehydes Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 505-10-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 3-(Methylthio)propan-1-ol, and the molecular formula is C4H10OS, Quality Control of 505-10-2.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts