Month: December 2022

Pungente, Michael D. published the artcileAntibody-catalyzed formation of a 14-membered ring lactone, Formula: C13H19NO3, the main research area is macrocyclic phosphonate lactone preparation monoclonal antibody catalyst.

Monoclonal antibody (MAb) F123, raised against a macrocyclic phosphonate transition-state analog, catalyzed an intramol. transesterification of the corresponding hydroxy ester to give a 14-membered ring lactone. The MAB reaction displayed enzyme-like Michaelis-Menten kinetics with a Km of 255 μM and a kcat of 0.01 min-1 based on p-nitrophenol release and calculated on an active-site basis. Substrate specificity and competitive inhibition by a transition state analog (Ki = 3 μM) demonstrated that the catalytic activity was associated with binding in the antibody-combining site. The lactone product was isolated from a large-scale catalytic experiment through ether extraction and identified by gas chromatog. – mass spectroscopy.

Canadian Journal of Chemistry published new progress about Catalytic monoclonal antibodies Role: CAT (Catalyst Use), USES (Uses) (F123). 87905-98-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is Benzyl (5-hydroxypentyl)carbamate, and the molecular formula is C13H19NO3, Formula: C13H19NO3.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Sun, Shuang-Feng published the artcileMolecular Screening of Behaviorally Active Compounds with CmedOBP14 from the Rice Leaf Folder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, Application of 3-Pentanol, the main research area is behaviorally active compound OBP14 mol screening Cnaphalocrocis; Behaviorally active compounds; EAG response; Odorant binding proteins; Plant volatiles; RNA interference; Reverse chemical ecology.

Odorant binding proteins (OBPs) play a key role in chemoreception in insects. In an earlier study, we identified CmedOBP14 from the rice leaf folder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, with potential physiol. functions in olfaction. Here, we performed a competitive binding assay under different pH conditions as well as knockdown via RNA interference to determine the specific role of CmedOBP14 in C. medinalis. CmedOBP14 displayed broad binding affinities to many host-related compounds, with higher affinities at pH 7.4 compared with pH 5.0. After treatment with CmedOBP14-dsRNA, the transcript level of OBP14 was significantly decreased at 72 h compared with controls, and the electroantennogram response evoked by nerolidol, L-limonene and beta-ionone was reduced. Furthermore, behavioral assays revealed consistent patterns among these compounds, especially for nerolidol, with adults could no longer able to differentiate 0.1% nerolidol from controls. RNAi experiments suggest that at least in part, CmedOBP14 mediates the ability to smell nerolidol and beta-ionone.

Journal of Chemical Ecology published new progress about Behavior Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 584-02-1 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 3-Pentanol, and the molecular formula is C5H12O, Application of 3-Pentanol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Bilz, Florian published the artcileVisualization of a Distributed Synaptic Memory Code in the Drosophila Brain, Recommanded Product: n-Octanol, the main research area is GCaMP calcium learning memory synaptic plasticity Drosophila animal behavior; Drosophila melanogaster; Kenyon cell; insect brain; learning and memory; mushroom body; neuronal assemblies; odor representation; olfactory coding; optical calcium imaging; synaptic plasticity.

During associative conditioning, animals learn which sensory cues are predictive for pos. or neg. conditions. Because sensory cues are encoded by distributed neurons, one has to monitor plasticity across many synapses to capture how learned information is encoded. We analyzed synaptic boutons of Kenyon cells of the Drosophila mushroom body γ lobe, a brain structure that mediates olfactory learning. A fluorescent Ca2+ sensor was expressed in single Kenyon cells so that axonal boutons could be assigned to distinct cells and Ca2+ could be measured across many animals. Learning induced directed synaptic plasticity in specific compartments along the axons. Moreover, we show that odor-evoked Ca2+ dynamics across boutons decorrelate as a result of associative learning. Information theory indicates that learning renders the stimulus representation more distinct compared with naive stimuli. These data reveal that synaptic boutons rather than cells act as individually modifiable units, and coherence among them is a memory-encoding parameter.

Neuron published new progress about Behavior Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 111-87-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is n-Octanol, and the molecular formula is C8H18O, Recommanded Product: n-Octanol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Bo, Ruonan published the artcileMechanism of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides liposomes on activating murine dendritic cells, Application In Synthesis of 59-23-4, the main research area is Lycium polysaccharide liposome dendritic cell activation cytokine signaling; Antigen uptake; Dendritic cells; Lycium barbarum polysaccharides liposomes; Phenotypic and functional maturation; Proinflammatory cytokines; TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB signaling pathway.

Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells (APC) that play a central role in the initiation and regulation of immune responses. We have previously demonstrated that Lycium barbarum polysaccharides liposomes (LBPL) as immune adjuvant elicits strong antigen-specific Th1 immune responses. The purpose of this study was to investigate underlying mechanism of liposomes promoting effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) on activating DCs. LBP were loaded with high entrapment efficiency (86%) into liposomes using reverse phase evaporation LBPL activation of phenotypic and functional maturation of DCs was explored through mechanistic studies of the TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB signaling pathway and amount of proinflammatory cytokines released. We found that LBPL indeed activated immature DCs and induced DCs maturation characterized by up-regulation of co-stimulatory mols. (MHCII, CD80, CD86), production of cytokines (IL-12p40, TNF-α), and enhancement of antigen uptake. Addnl., we demonstrated that liposomes could promote LBP up-regulation of TLR4, MyD88, TRAF6, NF-κB gene and protein expression.

Carbohydrate Polymers published new progress about Antigens Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Application In Synthesis of 59-23-4.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Mayhew, Emily J. published the artcileGlass transition prediction strategies based on the Couchman-Karasz equation in model confectionary systems, Safety of (3R,4R,5R)-6-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)hexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentaol, the main research area is confectionary glass transition temperature cooking.

Our objectives were to compare the Couchman-Karasz-predicted glass transition temperature, TCK, to the measured glass transition temperature of a mixture, Tgm, of model confectionary systems and develop an empirical correction to improve the accuracy of prediction. Results showed that the original Couchman-Karasz equation fit the data better than the modified equation; although both generally overestimated Tgm. Blends containing sorbitol had the largest ΔTCKgm, where ΔTCKgm = TCK – Tgm. While Tgm varied with composition, the increase in Tgm with decreasing moisture content was linear (R̅2̅ = 0.984) and consistent across blends (4.5 ± 0.9°C/1% moisture, wb). The increase in Tgm with increasing cook temperature was best described by a polynomial model (R̅2̅ = 0.998), but adequately described by a more generalizable linear model (R̅2̅ = 0.979). Application of an empirical correction based on moisture content or cook temperature and TCK of dry ingredients reduced the average ΔTCKgm from 20.1°C and 11.3°C for modified and original equations, resp., to <5.6°C. Journal of Food Engineering published new progress about Alditols Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 64519-82-0 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (3R,4R,5R)-6-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)hexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentaol, and the molecular formula is C12H24O11, Safety of (3R,4R,5R)-6-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)hexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentaol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Mayhew, Emily J. published the artcileTemporal Texture Profile and Identification of Glass Transition Temperature as an Instrumental Predictor of Stickiness in a Caramel System, Product Details of C12H24O11, the main research area is caramel system stickiness glass transition temperature temporal texture profile; caramel; glass transition; stickiness; temporal dominance of sensation; texture.

Stickiness is an important texture attribute in many food systems, but its meaning can vary by person, product, and throughout mastication. This variability and complexity makes it difficult to devise anal. tests that accurately and consistently predict sensory stickiness. Glass transition temperature (Tg) is a promising candidate for texture prediction. Our objective is to elucidate the temporal profile of stickiness in order to probe the relationship between Tg and dynamic stickiness perception. Nine caramel samples with diverse texture and thermal profiles were produced for sensory testing and differential scanning calorimetry. Sixteen trained panelists generated stickiness-relevant terms to be used in a subsequent temporal dominance of sensation (TDS) test with the same panelists. Following the TDS study, these panelists also rated samples for overall tactile and oral stickiness. Stickiness ratings were then correlated to TDS dominance parameters across the full evaluation period and within the first, middle, and final thirds of the evaluation period. Samples with temporal texture profiles dominated by tacky, stringy, and enveloping attributes consistently received the highest stickiness scores, although the correlation strength varied by time period. Tg was found to correlate well with trained panelist and consumer ratings of oral (R2trained = 0.85; R2consumer = 0.96) and tactile (R2trained = 0.78; R2consumer = 0.79) stickiness intensity, and stickiness intensity ratings decreased with Tg of completely amorphous samples. Further, glassy samples followed a different texture trajectory (brittle-cohesive-toothpacking) than rubbery samples (deformable-tacky-enveloping). These results illuminate the dynamic perception of stickiness and support the potential of Tg to predict both stickiness intensity and texture trajectory in caramel systems.

Journal of Food Science published new progress about Alditols Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 64519-82-0 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (3R,4R,5R)-6-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)hexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentaol, and the molecular formula is C12H24O11, Product Details of C12H24O11.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Allan, Matthew C. published the artcileEffects of sugars and sugar alcohols on the gelatinization temperature of wheat starch, HPLC of Formula: 64519-82-0, the main research area is wheat ribose arabinose xylose xylitol gelatinization temperature.

The effects of nineteen sugars and sugar alcs. on the gelatinization temperature (Tgel) of wheat starch were investigated. Starch Tgels in sweetener solutions were determined using differential scanning calorimetry; the solution and intrinsic properties of the sweeteners were then compared to the measured Tgels. The Tgel increased as sweetener concentration increased, but significant differences in Tgel were found between different sweetener types, even those containing the same number of carbons. On a molar basis, trisaccharides most increased the Tgel, while on a percent-solids basis disaccharides most increased the Tgel. Significant correlations existed between the Tgel and increasing sweetener solution water activities, solids contents, and viscosities, but these correlations were weaker when compared within similar sweetener concentrations The amount of sweetener entering the starch granule depended on the solution solids content. The glass transition temperature of the amorphous water-sweetener-starch fraction did not have a direct effect on the starch Tgel. Sweeteners with more equatorial and exocyclic hydroxyl groups tended to increase the Tgel more, indicating that sweetener stereochem. could be important. It was theorized that sweeteners increased the Tgel by forming sweetener-starch intermol. interactions in the starch amorphous regions, with supporting evidence including how sweeteners affected starch annealing and how pH affected starch-glucuronic acid interactions and measured Tgels. A machine-learning model was developed that could predict the starch Tgel in a sweetener solution within 1.6%. To date this study is the most comprehensive investigation of the effects of a broad variety of sweeteners on the gelatinization temperature of wheat starch.

Food Hydrocolloids published new progress about Alditols Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 64519-82-0 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (3R,4R,5R)-6-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)hexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentaol, and the molecular formula is C12H24O11, HPLC of Formula: 64519-82-0.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Mineo, Hitoshi published the artcileSugar alcohols enhance calcium transport from rat small and large intestine epithelium in vitro, Formula: C12H24O11, the main research area is sugar alc polyol calcium absorption intestine.

We compared the effect of a variety of sugar alcs. on calcium absorption from the rat small and large intestine in vitro. An Ussing chamber technique was used to determine the net transport of Ca across the epithelium isolated from the jejunum, ileum, cecum, and colon of rats. The concentration of Ca in the serosal and mucosal Tris buffer solution was 1.25 mM and 10 mM, resp. The Ca concentration in the serosal medium was determined after incubation for 30 min and the net Ca absorption was evaluated. The addition of 0.1-200 mM erythritol, xylitol, sorbitol, maltitol, palatinit, or lactitol to the mucosal medium affected net Ca absorption in the intestinal preparations Differences in Ca transport were observed between portions of the intestine, but not between sugar alcs. tested. We concluded that sugar alcs. directly affect the epithelial tissue and promote Ca absorption from the small and large intestine ire vitro.

Digestive Diseases and Sciences published new progress about Alditols Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 64519-82-0 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (3R,4R,5R)-6-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)hexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentaol, and the molecular formula is C12H24O11, Formula: C12H24O11.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Bowsher, Alan W. published the artcileAnalysis of wild sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) root exudates using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Recommanded Product: (3R,4R,5R)-6-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)hexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentaol, the main research area is Helianthus root ecol rhizosphere stress organic acid glucose.

Plant root systems mediate ecol. processes in the rhizosphere through the exudation of organic compounds Although exudate composition is thought to depend strongly on plant nutrient status, little is known about the influence of multi-nutrient stresses. In this study, we examined responses to short-term (3 d) nutrient limitation in Helianthus annuus (common sunflower), and root exudates were collected for 2, 4, or 6 h with the trap-solution method. Root exudates, analyzed by means of gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry, consisted of over 60 sugars, sugar alcs., amino acids, organic acids, and phosphates, with sugars and organic acids generally detected in the highest quantities. Twenty-five of the detected metabolites, including half of the organic acids, sugars, and sugar alcs., differed in relative abundance among the three sampling intervals, exhibiting higher abundance in sampling intervals greater than 2 h. Similarly, 24 of the detected metabolites, including half of the amino acids, phosphates, and sugar alcs., were affected by nutrient supply, with 20 exhibiting higher abundance in the high-nutrient treatment. Fumaric acid, quinic acid, and glucose were detected at significantly higher levels in the low-nutrient treatment, potentially representing an adaptive response to nutrient limitation in sunflower. However, as sampling interval exerted a strong influence on the apparent effects of nutrient supply, future studies should consider the potential impacts of sampling-interval length in comparative analyses of genotypes or treatments.

Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science published new progress about Alditols Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 64519-82-0 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (3R,4R,5R)-6-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)hexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentaol, and the molecular formula is C12H24O11, Recommanded Product: (3R,4R,5R)-6-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)hexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentaol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Turner, Lucy published the artcileInvestigating the Relationship of Genotype and Geographical Location on Volatile Composition and Sensory Profile of Celery (Apium graveolens), COA of Formula: C10H18O, the main research area is apium graveolens volatile composition genotype geog location; SPME GCMS; aroma; celery; harvest; phthalides; terpenes; volatile compounds.

Numerous varieties of celery are grown in multiple countries to maintain supply, demand and availability for all seasons; thus, there is an expectation for a consistent product in terms of taste, flavor, and overall quality. Differences in climate, agronomy and soil composition will all contribute to inconsistencies. This study investigated the volatile and sensory profile of eight celery genotypes grown in the UK (2018) and Spain (2019). Headspace anal. determined the volatile composition of eight genotypes, followed by assessment of the sensory profile using a trained panel. Significant differences in the volatile composition and sensory profile were observed; genotype and geog. location both exerted influences. Two genotypes exhibited similar aroma composition and sensory profile in both locations, making them good candidates to drive breeding programs aimed at producing varieties that consistently display these distinctive sensory properties. Celery samples harvested in the UK exhibited a higher proportion of sesquiterpenes and phthalides, whereas samples harvested in Spain expressed a higher aldehyde and ketone content. Studying the relationship between growing environment and genotype will provide information to guide growers in how to consistently produce a high-quality crop.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences published new progress about Aldehydes Role: FFD (Food or Feed Use), BIOL (Biological Study), USES (Uses). 124-76-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is rel-(1R,2R,4R)-1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol, and the molecular formula is C10H18O, COA of Formula: C10H18O.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts