Month: December 2022

Zhang, Yijia published the artcileA Systematic comparison of in vitro cell uptake and in vivo biodistribution for three classes of gold nanoparticles with saturated PEG coatings, Recommanded Product: Pentaerythritol tetra(3-mercaptopropionate), the main research area is gold nanoparticle PEG coating cell uptake macrophage biodistribution clearance.

Due to the cost, time, and impact on the animals for in vivo studies, the nanoparticle field predominantly uses cellular uptake assays as a proxy to predict in vivo outcomes. Extensive research has focused on decreasing macrophage uptake in vitro as a proxy to delay nanoparticle accumulation in the mononuclear phagocytic system (MPS), mainly the liver and spleen, and thereby increase tumor accumulation. We further found that this extremely low cellular uptake could be recapitulated on solid gold nanoparticles by densely coating their surface with small mols. Here we report our studies on the biodistribution and clearance of these materials in comparison to more conventional PEGylated gold nanoparticles. It was expected that the remarkably low macrophage uptake in vitro would translate to extended blood circulation time in vivo, but instead we found no correlation between either surface coverage or in vitro macrophage cell uptake and in vivo blood circulation. Gold nanoaggregates accumulate more rapidly and to a higher level in the liver compared to control gold nanoparticles. The lack of correlation between in vitro macrophage uptake and in vivo blood circulation suggests that the field must find other in vitro assays to use as a primary proxy for in vivo outcomes or use direct in vivo experimentation as a primary assay.

PLoS One published new progress about Biological uptake. 7575-23-7 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is Pentaerythritol tetra(3-mercaptopropionate), and the molecular formula is C17H28O8S4, Recommanded Product: Pentaerythritol tetra(3-mercaptopropionate).

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Maculewicz, Jakub published the artcileIn vitro methods for predicting the bioconcentration of xenobiotics in aquatic organisms, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is vitro method bioconcentration xenobiotic aquatic organism; Bioaccumulation; Bioconcentration; Membrane partitioning; Protein binding; Sorption.

The accumulation of anthropogenic chem. substances in aquatic organisms is an immensely important issue from the point of view of environmental protection. In the context of the increasing number and variety of compounds that may potentially enter the environment, there is a need for efficient and reliable solutions to assess the risks. However, the classic approach of testing with fish or other animals is not sufficient. Due to very high costs, significant time and labour intensity, as well as ethical concerns, in vivo methods need to be replaced by new laboratory-based tools. So far, many models have been developed to estimate the bioconcentration potential of chems. However, most of them are not sufficiently reliable and their predictions are based on limited input data, often obtained with doubtful quality. The octanol-water partition coefficient is still often used as the main laboratory tool for estimating bioconcentration However, according to current knowledge, this method can lead to very unreliable results, both for neutral species and, above all, for ionic compounds It is therefore essential to start using new, more advanced and credible solutions on a large scale. Over the last years, many in vitro methods have been newly developed or improved, allowing for a much more adequate estimation of the bioconcentration potential. Therefore, the aim of this work was to review the most recent laboratory methods for assessing the bioconcentration potential and to evaluate their applicability in further research.

Science of the Total Environment published new progress about Benthic organisms. 111-87-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is n-Octanol, and the molecular formula is C8H18O, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Li, Xinzhi published the artcileEffect of co-fermentation and sequential fermentation of Candida versatilis and Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris on unsalted pork hydrolysates components, Product Details of C4H10OS, the main research area is fermentation Candida Lactococcus cremoris hydrolyzate pork.

Summary : In this study, the effect of co-fermentation and sequential fermentation with a typical halophilic soy sauce yeast Candida versatilis and a non-halophilic dairy bacterium Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris in pork hydrolyzates was explored for the first time with regard to their viability, physicochem. changes and volatile compound production It was observed that the growth of C. versatilis was suppressed (only 0.6 – 1.5 log CFU mL-1 increase), while L. lactis subsp. cremoris was stimulated (total cell counts exceeded 9.0 log CFU mL-1) in mixed-cultures relative to the resp. monocultures. There were no significant differences between co-inoculation and sequential inoculation regarding glucose consumption, organic acid production and free amino acids utilization. Some distinct volatile compounds such as methionol, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one and gamma-nonalactone were found in both co-inoculated and sequentially inoculated samples, with slightly different concentrations These results suggest that the mixed-inoculation of C. versatilis and L. lactis have a pos. impact on the volatile compounds formation in pork hydrolyzates.

International Journal of Food Science and Technology published new progress about Bacillus cremoris. 505-10-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 3-(Methylthio)propan-1-ol, and the molecular formula is C4H10OS, Product Details of C4H10OS.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Lobos, A. published the artcileTolerance of three fungal species to lithium and cobalt: Implications for bioleaching of spent rechargeable Li-ion batteries, Application of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is cobalt bioleaching biol wastewater treatment lithium ion battery; Aspergillus niger ; Penicillium chrysogenum ; Penicillium simplicissimum ; Li-ion battery; bioleaching; metal biorecovery; organic acids; tolerance index.

This paper aims to quantify the growth and organic acid production of Aspergillus niger, Penicillium chrysogenum and Penicillium simplicissimum when these fungi are exposed to varying levels of lithium (Li) and cobalt (Co). The study also tests whether pre-exposing the fungi to these metals enables the fungi to develop tolerance to Li or Co. When cultures of A. niger, P. chrysogenum or P. simplicissimum were exposed to 250 mg l-1 of Li or Co, biomass production and excretion of organic acids were significantly inhibited after 5 days of growth compared to cultures grown in the absence of these metals. Pre-exposing cultures of A. niger to 250 mg l-1 of Li or Co for 20 days significantly increased biomass production when the fungus was subsequently sub-cultured into 250 or 500 mg l-1 of Li or Co. However, pre-exposure of P. chrysogenum or P. simplicissimum to 250 mg l-1 of Li or Co for 20 days did not increase biomass production Aspergillus niger, but not the Penicillium species, developed tolerance to Li and to Co during the 20-day pre-exposure period. Therefore, processes that utilize fungal bioleaching with A. niger to mobilize and recover valuable metals such as Li or Co should consider a pre-exposure step for fungi to improve their tolerance to metal toxicity. Fungi may have the ability to extract valuable metals such as Li and Co from spent rechargeable batteries. However, the toxicity of the extracted metals can inhibit fungal growth and organic acid production Pre-exposure to metals may alleviate toxicity for some fungal species. This knowledge can be used to improve the design of bioleaching protocols, increasing the potential for fungal bioleaching to become an economical and environmentally friendly method of recovering Li and Co from spent batteries.

Journal of Applied Microbiology published new progress about Aspergillus niger. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Application of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Wang, Nifei published the artcileStructural characterisation and immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharides from white asparagus skin, Computed Properties of 59-23-4, the main research area is immunomodulatory polysaccharide asparagus skin; Immunomodulatory; NMR; Pectin; Polysaccharide; Structure; White asparagus skin.

The physicochem. properties, structural features and immunomodulatory effects of the white asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) skin polysaccharides (WASP) were systematically studied. WASP showed a pectic-like structure with a relatively low degree of esterification (DE, 18%); the weight-average mol. weight (Mw) and intrinsic viscosity were 76.1 kDa and 13 mL/g, resp. Structurally, the dominated sugar residue of WASP was 4-α-D-GalpA (39.7 mol%), while other residues including α-L-Araf, 3-α-L-Rhap, 2,4-α-L-Rhap, and 4-β-D-Galp were also detected with a comparable amount A proposed structure of WASP was also presented. Physiol., WASP could modulate the immune response of RAW 264.7 macrophages through increasing the release of immune factors (IL-6, TNF-α and IL-10) and improving the expression of mRNA. To conclude, the pectic-like polysaccharides from white asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) skin could be potentially used as an immunomodulatory agent in functional food.

Carbohydrate Polymers published new progress about Asparagus (white). 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Computed Properties of 59-23-4.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Barao de Aguiar, Michelle Maria Goncalves published the artcileOral sustained release nystatin tablets for the treatment of oral candidiasis: formulation development and validation of UV spectrophotometric analytical methodology for content determination, Product Details of C12H24O11, the main research area is tablet oral candidiasis nystatin sustained release mucoadhesion; nystatin determination UV spectrophotometry.

In this study, oral sustained release mucoadhesive nystatin tablets were developed to increase nystatin contact time with the oral cavity and mask its unpleasant taste. The best formulation studied included sustained release agents and it was submitted to phys.-mech. characterization, taste assessment and clin. test in twelve patients. The UV-visible nystatin methodol. was also developed and validated in parallel as an alternative to the pharmacopoeial microbiol. dosage method. The best formulation developed in this study included sustained release agents. The efficacy of this formulation was verified through a clin. assessment, showing that this formulation is more effective (100%) than the com. oral nystatin suspension used traditionally (50%). Moreover, the UV absorption spectrophotometry method developed to validate the methodol. for nystatin content anal. for new oral tablets was shown to be specific, linear, exact and reproducible, as recommended by the ICH regulations. The oral nystatin tablets developed showed to present faster therapeutic response than the oral aqueous solution through the preliminary clin. assays. The UV absorption spectrophotometry method showed to be an attractive test for the usual routine in the pharmaceutical industry.

Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy published new progress about Artificial saliva. 64519-82-0 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (3R,4R,5R)-6-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)hexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentaol, and the molecular formula is C12H24O11, Product Details of C12H24O11.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Mungma, Nuttakul published the artcileReactive extraction of lactic acid, formic acid and acetic acid from aqueous solutions with tri-n-octylamine/1-octanol/n-undecane, Name: n-Octanol, the main research area is lactic formic acetic acid aqueous solution extraction fermentation broth.

The present work develops the basics for the isolation of lactic acid, acetic acid and formic acid from a single as well as a mixed feed stream, as is present, for example, in fermentation broth for lactic acid production Modeling of the phase equilibrium data is performed using the law of mass action and shows that the acids are extracted according to their pka value, where formic acid is preferably extracted in comparison to lactic and acetic acid. Back-extraction was performed by 1 M NaHCO3 solution and shows the same tendency regarding the pka value. Based on lactic acid, the solvent phase composition, consisting of tri-n-octylamine/1-octanol/n-undecane, was optimized in terms of the distribution coefficient The data clearly indicate that, compared to phys. extraction, mass transfer can be massively enhanced by reactive extraction With increasing tri-n-octylamine and 1-octanol concentration, the equilibrium constant increases. However, even when mass transfer increases, tri-n-octylamine concentrations above 40 wt%, lead to third phase formation, which needs to be prevented for tech. application. The presented data are the basis for the transfer to liquid membrane permeation, which enables the handling of emulsion tending systems.

ChemEngineering published new progress about Aqueous solutions. 111-87-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is n-Octanol, and the molecular formula is C8H18O, Name: n-Octanol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Ol’khovich, Marina published the artcileIsavuconazole: Thermodynamic Evaluation of Processes Sublimation, Dissolution and Partition in Pharmaceutically Relevant Media, Recommanded Product: n-Octanol, the main research area is isavuconazole thermodn evaluation sublimation dissolution partition pharmaceutically relevant media; Hansen solubility parameter; isavuconazole; partition; protolytic properties; solubility; sublimation; thermodynamic functions.

A temperature dependence of saturated vapor pressure of isavuconazole (IVZ), an antimycotic drug, was found by using the method of inert gas-carrier transfer and the thermodn. functions of sublimation were calculated at a temperature of 298.15 K. The value of the compound standard molar enthalpy of sublimation was found to be 138.1 ± 0.5 kJ·mol-1. The IVZ thermophys. properties-m.p. and enthalpy-equaled 302.7 K and 29.9 kJ mol-1, resp. The isothermal saturation method was used to determine the drug solubility in seven pharmaceutically relevant solvents within the temperature range from 293.15 to 313.15 K. The IVZ solubility in the studied solvents increased in the following order: buffer pH 7.4, buffer pH 2.0, buffer pH 1.2, hexane, 1-octanol, 1-propanol, ethanol. Depending on the solvent chem. nature, the compound solubility varied from 6.7 x 10-6 to 0.3 mol·L-1. The Hansen s approach was used for evaluating and analyzing the solubility data of drug. The results show that this model well-described intermol. interactions in the solutions studied. It was established that in comparison with the van’t Hoff model, the modified Apelblat one ensured the best correlation with the exptl. solubility data of the studied drug. The activity coefficients at infinite dilution and dissolution excess thermodn. functions of IVZ were calculated in each of the solvents. Temperature dependences of the compound partition coefficients were obtained in a binary 1-octanol/buffer pH 7.4 system and the transfer thermodn. functions were calculated The drug distribution from the aqueous solution to the organic medium was found to be spontaneous and entropy-driven.

Molecules published new progress about Aqueous solutions. 111-87-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is n-Octanol, and the molecular formula is C8H18O, Recommanded Product: n-Octanol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Pishnamazi, Mahboubeh published the artcileComputational modeling of drug separation from aqueous solutions using octanol organic solution in membranes, SDS of cas: 111-87-5, the main research area is ibuprofen isobutylacetophenone octanol drug separation membrane computational modeling.

Continuous membrane separation of pharmaceuticals from an aqueous feed was studied theor. by development of high-performance mechanistic model. The model was developed based on mass and momentum transfer to predict separation and removal of ibuprofen (IP) and its metabolite compound, i.e. 4-isobutylacetophenone (4-IBAP) from aqueous solution The modeling study was carried out for a membrane contactor considering mass transport of solute from feed to organic solvent (octanol solution). The solute experiences different mass transfer resistances during the removal in membrane system which were all taken into account in the modeling. The model’s equations were solved using computational fluid dynamic technique, and the simulations were carried out to understand the effect of process parameters, flow pattern, and membrane properties on the removal of both solutes. The simulation results indicated that IP and 4-IBAP can be effectively removed from aqueous feed by adjusting the process parameters and flow pattern. More removal was obtained when the feed flows in the shell side of membrane system due to improving mass transfer. Also, feed flow rate was indicated to be the most affecting process parameter, and the highest solute removal was obtained at the lowest feed flow rate.

Scientific Reports published new progress about Aqueous solutions. 111-87-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is n-Octanol, and the molecular formula is C8H18O, SDS of cas: 111-87-5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Volkova, Tatyana V. published the artcileComparative analysis of solubilization and complexation characteristics for new antifungal compound with cyclodextrins. Impact of cyclodextrins on distribution process, Safety of n-Octanol, the main research area is antifungal compound cyclodextrin distribution process solubilization complexation characteristics; Antifungal compound; Distribution coefficient; Solubility-distribution interplay; Stability constant.

From a pharmaceutical standpoint, cyclodextrin-based products have deservedly gained substantial market share due to their ability to improve undesirable physicochem. properties of drugs. In this study the solubility of a potenial antifungal compound (L-173) has been improved essentially by addition of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD), and heptakis(2,6-di-O-methyl)-β-cyclodextrin (DM-β-CD) in aqueous solutions (pH 2.0 and pH 7.4) at 298.15-313.15 K. The phase solubility diagrams were constructed. The stoichiometric ratio of the complexes was determined as 1:1. The stability constants of L-173 with all three CDs in acidic medium belong to the range optimal for the improvement of the bioavailability of hydrophobic drugs. DM-β-CD was assigned as the best solubilizer for L-173. The driving forces of the solubilization and complexation process were revealed by evaluating the thermodn. parameters. The distribution behavior of L-173 in the 1-octanol/buffer and 1-hexane buffer systems at pH 2.0 and pH 7.4 in the presence of different CDs concentrations was studied. The reduction of the distribution coefficients with the increasing of CD concentration was detected due to complex formation. Based on the anal. of the solubility-distribution relationship, the L-173 partitioning between the biol. tissues and penetration through the biol. membranes in case when cyclodextrins are used as solubilizers was evaluated, and the optimal CD concentrations were proposed.

European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences published new progress about Aqueous solutions. 111-87-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is n-Octanol, and the molecular formula is C8H18O, Safety of n-Octanol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts